1929.

phqpaaed lby He physicisl Mans Bek án

Jhe inteHactiay betuw ho meal iou and He

igpndh ae puely electnskahe auic)
gondid

dipsle itenactiow
Jhe eleetens gn He etal ane nden sedusias
lgouda
those d-oubils

Jhe cerdral metad isu iy at he Conthe

the i Cone
Be otahedon
 Jhe spltting us degenenae d caliade ol the
uith

On;

Nauee o he lganda aund matal ioa

Jhe chaige su he metal i
whethen he metal is a Bd, yd o 5d elennant

. Sa the otrahed'al cainplex, the cO-Bdlinatis

Jhese conges ane high spi wsite the
smalle
Jhe igand eld oghiy 4/e af he ocahednal
 -0-6A4

doty

Exange

111711

nngy O-6l6) a.
3 Do

Kighest ocupied vnaleeular oitalh eno

hodes highat
nodes
 metal ions

electrey n d orbiala o! nansihau mbd'aen

epending wpen he nahe e ligand he enengy

metal sen beleme dent o 'to wbieh sehne

Cd has d-orbital t
Subshell well as

igonda

A Cae’e
 fony higlh meakspirefielscomplres Jhey will
todain liganda he ieans
A)
law o vae

Compene

HelielaoHbtal Jheony extended to selids is

Bavel fanoidden
onductoNA
Ponbidden
35
Valnce bnd

9ntenaenic Spocivg
c) When =di at dhis intonalme Bepanatan
Hhe inteactisw betuan he atonyi
sublenls
(u) ahen hzc: Whin the ates ahe bronghi
fuhes clye to eaNh otes Hain inluctou.
ineeases andl Whe heal splting ofsusteusl
Stantfwbiacn)
(ut) huthen
when byciscio the noatme spacin
deereasy, he înhehcew betun
he autemos shell estss, Gf He neighbouniu
atoms becene apprecable and hi, enengy
coiapending to Hhuse 9and p lewels o eak

(i) henb< asb wlhen he atmio spaajng iu.

leuelsemau

Aublnelto Bp sublouel and vice vwna u

() Whn heat Jhis is Kneun as equilibi
distnee beoaue he ahnn in Cstal lie
at this intatonie 8eparalen

due to Hhe electn n dhis caye hee is no

fodden eniay gap beween He valonee an

poar eletial Conduchihy n thio Caue, the

Valnes baund is complely fld Qnd cendtow
wide
 Valinet

Seniconductu has Conducliihy muchgist

Hhan that aw nsnlat but mweh smalen
Hhan that o ametal

tevV
band

dekuunined by Mue Hasualy

salhly

b xtnsc Gemicowducau Jhese ane Beicenducts

that ane deped uih speelle inpuitis

1. Nye seniCandutss ulhena

nto
 CB

(S C-B

S
Ngte
enienauces qenihally belong to feunh o he
Peniodi dable th inguites ulhidh be addeol
ane elenets beleugiag to hind o
oaluniam , pheshua