CHUYÊN ĐỀ

CÂU ƯỚC – CÁC CẤU TRÚC GIẢ ĐỊNH KHÁC

A. CẤU TRÚC CÂU ƯỚC – WISH / IF ONLY
Wish và if only thường được để diễn đạt ước muốn (if only mạnh mẽ và rõ ràng hơn wish). Sau wish và if only
là một mệnh đề chỉ sự ao ước một ĐK không có thật. Mệnh đề sau wish và if only được xem như một mệnh đề
danh từ.

Loại Công thức và dấu hiệu Ví dụ

Loại 1 (present wish): CT: S + wish (es) + QKĐ -He wishes he didn’t work in
ước 1 điều không (S + wish (es) + S + were (not)/ Ved/ this company at present.
có thật ở hiện tại V2/ didn’t + V) -I wish I were a teacher at the
DH: in the morning, now, at the monent, at moment.
present, …
Loại 2 (past wish): CT: S + wish (es) + QKHT Mary wishes she had gone to
ước 1 điều không có (S + wish (es) + S + had (not) + Ved/ school yesterday.
thật ở quá khứ V3)
DH: ago, yesterday, last night, …
Loại 3 (future wish): S + wish (es) + S + would/could (not) + V She wishes she would earn a lot
ước 1 điều trong DH: next week, tommorrow, … of money next year.
tương lai
Note: S + wish(es) = If only (giá mà/ phải chi)
Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat. = If only I weren’t so fat.

B. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC GIẢ ĐỊNH KHÁC

1. Clause after AS IF, AS THOUGH:
* AS IF, AS THOUGH có nghĩa là “như thể, dường như”
* Hai từ nối trên đứng trước một mệnh đề chỉ một điều không thật hoặc trái với thực tế.
a/Điều không có thật ở hiện tại
S + V + as if /as though + V (quá khứ đơn) (V-ed/ were).
Eg: The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter).
+ She walks as though she studied modeling. (She didn’t study modeling).
+ He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich).
b/Điều không có thật ở quá khứ
S + V + as if /as though + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) (had + V-ed/ Vp2).
Eg: + Tom looked very tired as if he had worked very hard.
+ The child ate as though he had been hungry for a long time.
+ He looked as if he hadn’t taken a bath for month.
 2. It’s time, It’s high time
a. Động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive)
It’s time/ It’s high time + (for + Object) + to-infinitive
E.x: It’s time to buy a new car. (Đã đến lúc phải mua xe mới rồi.)
It’s high time for the children to go to bed. (Đã đến giờ bọn trẻ đi ngủ rồi)
b. Mệnh đề (động từ chia ở quá khứ nhưng mang nghĩa hiện tại)

It’s time/ It’s high time + S + V - past simple (Were có thể dùng thay cho Was)
E.x: Ten o’clock - It’s time you went home. (10 giờ rồi - Đã đến lúc các bạn phải về nhà)
It’s high time the children were in bed. (Đã đến giờ bọn trẻ đi ngủ)
3. Would rather
a. Would rather (thích ….hơn) được dùng để diễn đạt những gì mà một người nào đó muốn thực hiện trong
một tình huống cụ thể (không được dùng trong trường hợp tổng quát).
Would rather (do) = Would prefer (to do).
*Ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
S + would rather (+not) + V …..(+ than+ V)
E.x: I would rather stay at home tonight. (Tối nay tôi thích ở nhà.)
Would you rather have tea or coffee? (Bạn thích dùng trà hay cà phê hơn?)
I’m tired. I’d rather not go out this evening. (Tôi mệt. Chiều nay tôi không thích đi chơi.)
John would rather go for a swim than play tennis. (John thích đi bơi hơn chơi quần vợt.)
We’d rather walk than take a bus. (Chúng tôi thích đi bộ hơn là đi xe buýt.)
*Ở quá khứ
S + would rather (+not) + have + Vp2 (+ than)
E.x: + We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air. (Chúng tôi đã đi bằng tàu thủy nhưng tôi thích đi bằng
xe máy hơn.) → I wanted to go by air but I didn’t get my wish.
+ Tommy would rather have gone skiing than fishing last week. (Tuần trước, Tommy đã thích đi trượt tuyết
hơn là đi câu) → But he didn’t get his wish
b. Would rather (mong muốn) còn được dùng để diễn đạt nghĩa một người muốn người khác làm điều gì đó.
*Ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
S + would rather (that) + S + V _past simple
E.x: I’d rather you went home now. (Tôi muốn anh về nhà ngay bây giờ)
I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said. (Tôi không muốn bạn kể với bất kỳ ai những gì tôi đã nói.)
We’d rather she was/were here tomorrow. (Chúng tôi muốn cô ta có mặt ở đây ngày mai.)
*Ở quá khứ
S + would rather (that) + S + V_past perfect
E.x: + Roberto would rather we hadn’t left yesterday. (Roberto muốn hôm qua chúng tôi không ra đi.)
→but we left yesterday.
+ I would rather you had met my future wife. (Tôi muốn là bạn đã gặp vợ sắp cưới của tôi)
→but you didn’t meet
c.Diễn tả sự việc ở hiện tại (present subjunctive):
Là loại câu người thứ nhất muốn người thứ hai làm việc gì (nhưng làm hay không còn phụ thuộc vào người thứ
hai).
S1 + would rather (that )+ S2 + [verb in simple form] …

E.x: I would rather that you call me tomorrow.

He would rather that I not take this train.

4. Present subjunctive (Hiện tại bàng thái)

- Được dùng trong mệnh đề “that” đứng sau một số động từ chỉ các cảm giác mạnh như: to demand (đòi hỏi), to
request (yêu cầu), to insist (nài nỉ), to recommend (khuyến nghị, đề nghị), và các từ ngữ it is essential (điều cốt
yếu là), it is necessary (điều cần thiết là), it is important (việc quan trọng là)…. để nhấn mạnh.
- Động từ trong mệnh đề “that” ở dạng nguyên thể
Eg: I demand(ed) that he be here on time.
It is necessary that he take the exam.
- Hiện tại bàng thái cũng thường được thay thế bởi should + infinitive
I request(ed) that I should be given more time to consider the matter further.
5. Past subjunctive (quá khứ bàng thái)
- Được dùng trong mệnh đề “that” đứng sau động từ wish diễn tả ước muốn ước ao ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế
I wish (that) I had a car now.

C. BÀI TẬP
Exercise 1. Chọn đáp án đúng.
137. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I it better.
 A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understands
138. It never stops raining here. I wish it raining.
A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. will stop
139. I miss my friends. I wish my friends here right now.
A. were B. would be C. had been D. was
140. I should never have said that. I wish I that.
A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. says
141. I speak terrible English. I wish I English well.
A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks
142. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it quiet.
A. kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep
143. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I the earlier train.
A. caught B. would catch C. had caught D. catches
144. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I it.
A. saw B. would see C. had seen D. seen
145. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I out.
A. didn't go B. wouldn't go C. hadn't gone D. went
146. This movie is terrible. I wish we to see another one.
A. went B. would go C. had gone D. go
147. I wish I more careful with my money in the future.
A. would be B. should be C. could be D. had been
148. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading
149. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I it better.
A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understand
150. It never stops raining here. I wish it raining.
A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. stops
151. I should never have said that. I wish I that.
A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. don’t say
152. I miss my friends. I wish my friends here right now.
A. were B. would be C. had been
153. I speak English terribly. I wish I English well.
A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks
 154. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it quiet.
A. kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep
155. I wish I to retake my exams.
A. do not have B. will not have C. am about D. did not have
156. I wish another more effective teaching method used.
A. is B. was C. were D. has been
157. She wishes she a fairy now.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
158. She talks too much but I wish she .
A. didn't B. doesn't C. won't D. wouldn't
159. They will drink wine but I wish they .
A. didn't B. don't C. won't D. wouldn't
160. I wish I time to see more exhibitions.
A. have B. has C. won't have D. had
161. The situation was a little embarrassing when Mary served roast beef for dinner. I wish I (tell)
her that Nick was a vegetarian.
A. told B. had told C. would told D. will tell
162. I bet she wishes that she never involved in the whole mess.
A. get B. got C. had got D. will get
163. I wish Paul worked as hard as Mary .
A. does B. do C. did D. had done
164. It has been raining for days now. I wish it soon.
A. stop B. had stopped C. would stop D. stopped
165. I left my office at four because I was sure Mr. Andrews wouldn't come. Now I wish I for him.
A. waited B. wait C. had waited D. would wait
166. Jack, the security guard at the factory, wishes the robbery (not occur) on his shift.
A. hadn’t occurred B. occurred C. not occurred D. didn’t occur
Exercise 2. Tìm lỗi sai trong những câu dưới đây.
167. George now wishes he hasn’t broken his encouragement with Marian
A. now B. he hasn’t C. broken D. with
168. I sometimes wish that I will have another car.
A. sometimes B. wish C. will have D. will have
169. I wishes you had been at the meeting yesterday.
 A. wishes B. had been C. at D. yesterday
170. I wish I didn’t say that to him yesterday.
A. didn’t say B. that C. to D. yesterday
171. She wishes that we didn’t send her the candy yesterday because she’s on a diet.
A. didn’t send B. her the candy C. because D. on
36. She wishes she could speak English as fluent as her sister.
A B C D
37. I really wish we can make a trip around the world.
A B C D
38. He got bad marks. He wishes he reviewed his lesson carefully.
A B C D
39. I wish I didn’t speak to him so severely yesterday.
A B C D
Exercise 3. Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
40. I wish I (see) her off at the airport yesterday.
41. Tom wishes he (have) enough money to buy a new car now.
42. Mary wishes she (become) an astronaut someday.
43. He wishes he (not/buy) that old car.
44. I wish I one twin sister like my friend Sally. (have)
45. My parents wish they to the beach this weekend. (go)
46. I’m fed up with the rain. I wish it (stop)
47. Jimmy wishes he old enough to drive a car. (be)
48. I wish I go to the moon for a vacation. (can)
49. I wish you all the time. (not complain)
50. He wished he harder during the examination. (work)
51. We wish it raining now. (not be)
52. She wishes he a lie with her. (not tell)
53. My father wishes I the entrance 10 next month. (pass)
54. She wishes her father here to help her now. (be)
55. I wish you them my phone yesterday. (not give)
56. I wish they us when we were in the town. (visit)
57. He wishes someone him a work next month. (give)
58. If only I a trip to Hanoi next week. (take)
59. We wished we the teacher’s explanation yesterday. (understand)
60. He missed an exciting sport program. He wishes he it. (watch)
61. If only I more time to finish this work. (have)
62. I wish she to see me yesterday. (come)
63. I wish that someone able to marry her. (be)
64. John left without a word. If only he (say) something.
65. What a pity I was away! If only the fax (reach) me an hour earlier.
66. If only we (know) about this service before!
67. Everybody feels sorry for him and says that if only he (spend) more time revising.
68. If only he (tell) us the truth in the first place, things wouldn't have gone so wrong.
69. If only I (apply) for that job, I might be a typist now.
Exercise 4. Chọn đáp án đúng.
70. It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this.
A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would told us about this.
C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this.
71. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well.
A. I am very sorry that your sister couldn't come. B. I wonder why your sister can't come.
C. If only your sister could come as well. D. If only your sister can come
72. They regret ever getting married.
A. They wish they had never got married. B. They wish they never got married.
C. They wish they did not get married. D. They wish they have never got married.
73. I'm sorry that he won't accept the job he 's been offered.
A. I wish he will accept the job he's been offered.
B. I wish he would accept the job he's been offered.
C. I wish he had accepted the job he's been offered.
D. I wish he would have accepted the job he's been offered.
74. I regret going to bed so late last night.
B. I wish I didn't go to bed so late last night. B. I wish I went to bed early last night.
C. I wish I hadn't gone to bed so late last night. D. I wish I had gone to bed early last night.
75. What a pity! You aren’t here with us now.
C. I wish you aren't here with us now. B. I wish you weren’t here with us now.
C. I wish you were here with us now. D. I wish you would be here with us now
76. I’d like my father give up smoking.
 D. I wish my father gave up smoking. B. I wish my father will give up smoking.
C. I wish my father gives up smoking. D. I wish my father can give up smoking.
77. He doesn’t help his mother with house work.
E. I wish he helps his mother with house work.
F. I wish he does helped his mother with house work.
G. I wish he helped his mother with house work.
H. I wish he would help his mother with house work.
78. My friends often go on a camping trip without me.
I. I wish my friends go on a camping trip without me.
J. I wish my friends went on a camping trip without me.
K. I wish my friends go on a camping trip with me.
L. I wish my friends went on a camping trip with me.
79. He must go now.
M. He wishes he doesn't go now. B. He wishes he won't go now.
C. He wishes he didn't have to go now. D. He wishes he hadn't to go now.
80. It’s a pity, I can’t play piano.
N. I wish I can play piano. B. I wish I play piano.
C. I wish I could play piano. D. I wish I couldn’t play piano.