CHUYÊN ĐỀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU

I. LÝ THUYẾT

Thể hiện khả năng của người, vật ở thời điểm hiện tại

Ex: I can speak English very well.

Xin phép hoặc lời đề nghị, yêu cầu, gợi ý

CAN
Ex: Can I enjoy your team?

“Can’t have + PP” để diễn tả một sự việc gần như không thể xảy ra

Ex: Due to the power cut, the meeting can’t have happened as usual.
Thể hiện khả năng của người, vật trong quá khứ

Ex: I could speak English very well when I was ten

Xin phép hoặc yêu cầu cao hơn “Can”

Ex: Could you turn on the TV ?

COULD
Thể hiện điều gì có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, nhưng không chắc chắn.

Ex: Someone is coming. It could be Tom.

Diễn tả sự việc đủ khả năng làm nhưng đã không thực hiện trong quá khứ

Ex: They could have won the race, but they didn’t try hard enough

WILL Dự đoán sự việc, tình huống có thể xảy ra trong tương lai

Ex: I will go to HaNoi next week.

Đưa ra quyết định ngay lúc nói 

Ex: I will go home right now.

Đưa ra lời mời, yêu cầu, đề nghị 

Ex: will you play games with us?

 Diễn tả một hành đọc xảy ra trước một hành động trong tương lai

Ex: You won’t get a promotion until you will have been working here as long as.
Đưa ra giả định trong quá khứ

Ex: He would stay home yesterday

Đưa ra một dự đoán trong tương lai 

Ex: He would get up early tomorrow

WOULD
Đưa ra lời mời, yêu cầu một cách lịch sự

Ex: Would you like to drink coffee ?

Diễn tả một hành động bạn mong muốn làm nhưng đã không thực hiện được

Ex: If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

Xin phép làm việc gì

Ex: May I close the window

MAY
Khả năng cao sự việc sẽ xảy ra. 

I may go to HaNoi next week

Xin phép làm việc gì lịch sự hơn

Ex: Might I have a little more food ?

MIGHT
Khả năng thấp sự việc có thể xảy ra

Ex: I might win this game but I doubt it

Dùng trong tương lai với “I” và “we”

Ex: I shall complete capstone project next week

SHALL Diễn ra lời hứa, quả quyết hay mối đe dọa

Don’t worry ! I shall go to hospital tomorrow

 Đưa ra lời khuyên

Ex: You should do your homework before go to sleep

Đưa ra suy luận logic

SHOULD Ex: You have prepared carefully so you should be ready for the competition

“Should have+PP” diễn tả một sự hối tiếc một sự việc đã không làm

Ex: You should have finished this work by now

Diễn tả sự cần thiết ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

You must stay at home when it rains

Diễn tả sự bắt buộc

You must give up smoking

MUST
“Must not” diễn tả sự cấm đoán

You must not stay here

“Must have+PP” diễn tả một suy luận cho một sự việc trong quá khứ

You must have been tired after finishing the project

 Sử dụng như một động từ thường

1. Với chủ từ là các vật thể sống như người , động vật và thường là mang nghĩa chủ động

Cấu trúc được sử dụng: S+Need+to V+O(nếu cần thiết)

Ex: You need to hurry , unless you can catch the bus.

2. Với chủ từ là những danh từ chỉ vật và không có chức năng thực hiện hành động.

Cấu trúc được sử dụng: S+Need+Ving

Ex: The car need repairing after a long journey.

* Lưu ý: Có thể thay thế cấu trúc need +Ving bằng cấu trúc Need+to be+PP.
NEED
Ex:The car need repairing after a long journey.

<=>The car need to be repaired after a long journey.

Ngoài ra có thể thay thế need bằng in the need of mà nghĩa trong câu vẫn không thay đổi.

Ex:He needs an assistant =He is in need of assistant.

Đóng vai trò như một modal verb hoặc làm trợ động từ:

Ex: You need focus on your project (Vai trò modal verb)

You need not pay money for your meal (Vai trò trợ động từ)

USED Cấu trúc với Used to

TO Used to+V: Diễn tả một hành động, một thói quen trong quá khứ và không còn thực hiện ở
hiện tại.

EX: We used to swim once a week when we were young.

Cấu trúc Get used to

Get used to+Ving/Noun:Diễn tả sự thích nghi một sự việc tại thời điểm hiện tại.
 EX: He move to New York and now he is getting used to adapting the industrial life.

Cấu trúc To be used to

To be used to +Ving/Noun: Diễn một hành động, một thói quen đang diễn ra trong hiện tại.

EX: They are used to playing football at weekend.

Diễn tả một sự việc đáng lẽ nên làm mà đã không làm

EX: We ought to focus on the lecture.

Diễn tả một sự việc gần đúng hay rất có thể đúng

EX: If we left home at 10:00, we ought to be here any minute now.

OUGHT Diễn tả một sự dự đoán một hành động trong tương lai
TO EX: Our team ought to win the match tomorrow

“Ought to +PP” diễn tả việc không đồng ý với hành động đã làm trong quá khứ

EX: She ought not to have spent all that money on such a thing

II. BÀI TẬP

1. You have been reading for four hours. This book ___ be very interesting.
A. can B. might C. must D. should
2. Don’t phone Ann now. She ___ be having lunch.
A. might B. can C. must D. has to
3. This road is very narrow. It ___to be widened.
A. might B. needs C. mustn’t D. may
4. They have plenty of time, so they needn’t ___.
A. be hurry B. to hurry C. hurry D. to be hurried
5. You’re having a sore throat. You’d better___ to the doctor.
 A. to go B. went C. go D. going
6. My mother permitted me to go out at night. She said, “You ___ go out tonight.”
A. may B. have to C. must D. ought to
7. He advised me to take an English course. I ___ it early.
A. should have taken B. should take C. will have taken D. may take
8. You ___ ring the bell; I have a key.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. shouldn’t
9. It must ___ without delay.
A. be done B. have been done C. do D. be doing
10. By the time a baby has reached his first birthday, he should ___ sit up or even stand up.
A. to be able to B. able to C. to be able D. be able to
11. Many birds will ___ more than 3,000 miles to reach their winter homes.
A. flying B. fly C. be fly D. flew
12. The pen won’t write; It ___ out of ink.
A. must run B. must be running C. must have run D. must have ran
13. The line is busy; someone ___ the telephone now.
A. must be using B. must have used C. must useD. must have been using
14. She told me that she’d rather ___ on the committee.
A. not to serve B. not serving C. not serve D. serving not
15. “Are you still going to Florida for vacation?” “Yes, but I really ___because I don ’t have much
money.”
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
16. “Did Peter go downtown by car or by train?” “He ___by train because his car was in the
mechanics.”
A. must go B. has to go C. had gone D. must have gone
17. “Why are you so mad?” “You ___ me you weren ’t coming to dinner. I waited for you for two
hours.”
A. should tell B. should have told C. should told D. should had told
18. “Do you like to play tennis?” “I ___, but now I prefer golf”
A. used to B. used to do C. used to played D. used to playing
19. “Have you seen Kate?” “No, but she ___ be at her desk.”
A. may B. ought C. would D. can
20. “Can I borrow twenty dollars?” “No, you know I ___ lend you money any more.”
A. might not B. shouldn’t have C. won’t D. not going to
21. The plane ___ take off after the fog had lifted.
A. must B. can C. was able to D. may
22. ___ you remember what you were doing at this time yesterday?
A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should
23. I ___ understand this letter. Will you translate it for me?
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. shouldn’t
24. Daisy’s parents don’t let her go to late- night disco. She ___ be at home at 9 o ’clock in the
evening.
A. must B. may C. can D. has to
25. ___ you give me some advice about the language course?
A. Have B. Should C. May D. Could
26. Why didn’t you give me a call yesterday? We ___ discuss everything together.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
27. Yesterday I ___ finish the work because I was very tired.
A. could B. can’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
28. I would rather ___ poor but happy than become rich without happiness.
A. being B. be C. to be D. was
29. Sit down, please. ___ a cup of tea?
A. Do you like B. Do you like to drink C. Would you like D. Will you like
30. It could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz. It ___ tell the difference between
Indian music and jazz. A. might not B. may not C. mustn’t D.
wasn’t able to
31. I’d rather ___ in the field than ___ home.
A. to work- to stay B. work – stay C. working – staying D. worked- stayed
32. He spent all that money last week. He ___ so much.
A. didn’t need to spend B. shouldn’t spend C. needn’t have spent D. didn’t have to
spend
33. Sorry, I ___ stay any longer. I really must go home.
A. mustn’t B. can not C. couldn’t D. may not
34. “It ___rain this evening. Why don’t you take an umbrella?”
“That’s a good idea. May I borrow yours?”
A. had better B. could be C. must D. might
35. “___taking me downtown on your way to work this morning?”
“Not at all.”
A. Can you B. Why don’t you C. Would you mind D. Could you
please
36. Tommy and Mary were mischievous children. They ___tricks on their teachers, which always got
them into a
lot of trouble.
A. could play B. used to play C. could have play D. may have
played
37. “Since we have to be there in a hurry, we ___ take a taxi.”
“I agree.”
 A. had better B. may C. have been used to D. are able to
38. 007 didn’t need ___ out of his room in Moscow.
A. go B. to going C. going D. to go
39. I couldn’t ___ it even though I had wanted.
A. had bought B. buy C. buying D. have bought
40. She ought not ___ him but she did.
A. to tell B. to telling C. tell D. to have told
41. I’d rather you ___ that.
A. do B. don’t do C. won’t do D. didn’t do
42. ___ you speak any foreign languages?
A. Could B. Must C. Can D. Might
43. We ___have gone away if we had enough money.
A. could B. must C. can D. might
44. “You ___ pay the bills today.” “I know, I promise. I won’t forget.”
A. would B. shall C. must D. may
45. ___ you mind my staying here for some days?
A. Would B. Could C. Can D. Should
46. The ground is wet. It ___last night.
A. must rain B. must have rain C. must have rained D. had to rain