NGUYÊN THỂ HOÀN THÀNH CỦA TRỢ TỪ TÌNH THÁI

1- Needn’t have done hay Didn’t need to :

- Needn’t have done: vì không biết trước là không cần làm nên đã
làm, khiến việc làm trở nên vô ích.

- Didn’t need to: biết trước là không cần làm nên không làm

1. I ……….. the dishes because there was a dishwasher in the kitchen.

A. didn’t need (… to) wash
B. mustn’t have washed: không có công thức này để diễn tả nghĩa
“lẽ ra không được làm ở QK”
C. should have washed: lẽ ra nên làm (ở QK)
D. needn’t have washed

Không cần làm: (ở hiện tại)

I don’t need to do
= I needn’t do

Không cần làm: (ở quá khứ)

- I didn’t need to do: biết trước là không cần làm nên không làm

# I needn’t have done: vì không biết trước là không cần làm nên đã
làm, khiến việc làm trở nên vô ích.

2. We went to a restaurant, but we … the food because the boss paid.

A. needn’t have paid for B. didn’t need to pay for
C. needn’t pay D. didn’t need to pay

3. You ………. me up, I don’t have to work today!

A. needn’t have woken B. didn’t need to wake
C. mustn’t have wake D. needn’t to have woken

4. I ……. towels when I went on holiday; the hotel provided them.

A. need have taken B. mustn’t have taken
C. didn’t need to take D. needn’t take
 5. I ................... up early, but it was a lonely morning so I did.
A. haven’t got
B. didn’t need to get: có thực hiện hành động nhưng hành động không
vô ích/ có biết trước là không cần làm hành động
C. needn’t have got
D. hadn’t got

6. I gave her some extra money - I know I ……….. like that but I
thought it would be kind.
A. haven’t done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. hadn’t done

2- Should have done (dạng thức quá khứ của should do: nên làm ở HT/
TL) / Ought to have done (dạng thức quá khứ của ought to do: nên làm
ở HT/ TL) :
- Lẽ ra nên làm gì ở QK (nhưng kg làm)
7. I …………… to her but I didn’t have time.
A. should write
B. must have written
Không phải là dạng thức QK của “must do: phải làm”
C. need have written
Không phải là dạng thức QK của “need do: “cần làm”
D. should have written: lẽ ra nên/ lẽ ra phải/ lẽ ra cần

Chú ý: ở HT/TL
should do: nên làm
must do: phải làm
need do: cần làm

8. It's very kind of you (bạn thật là tử tế), but you really ………… .
A. shouldn't have bothered B. shouldn't bother
C. didn’t need to bother D. mustn’t have bothered

3- Would like to have done: muốn/ ước … (ở QK)

- would like to have P2 = would have liked to do
9. There was a rainbow after the rain yesterday. I ……… it.
A. would like to have seen B. would have liked to see
C. would like to see D. A and B

Chú ý: would like to do: muốn … (ở HT/ TL)

4- Must have done: (là dạng thức quá khứ của “must do” : dùng để suy
đoán chắc chắn có bằng chứng: chắc hẳn là): chắc hẳn là đã
10. Someone …( chắc hẳn là đã)….. into the house through the
windows. Here are (bằng chứng) the pieces of broken glasses and
footprints on the windows.
A. can have broken: không có công thức này
B. could have broken: là dạng thức quá khứ của “could do” :
dùng để suy đoán không chắc chắn: có lẽ là): có lẽ là đã
C. must break: suy đoán hiện
D. must have broken: chắc hẳn là đã/ suy đoán chắc chắn có
bằng chứng ở QK

5- Can’t have done: (là dạng thức quá khứ của “can’t do” : dùng để suy
đoán chắc chắn có bằng chứng phủ định: chắc hẳn là): chắc chắn là đã
không
11. He ………… here! At that time he was having lunch with me.
A. can’t have been B. mustn’t have been
C. couldn’t have been D. may not have been

Chú ý:
- Ở HT : can’t do = couldn’t do
- QK : can’t have done:
sđ chắc chắn có bằng chứng phủ định QK
không = couldn’t have done
sđ không chắc chắn phủ định QK
6- May (not) have done= Might (not) have done = Could (not) have done:
- suy đoán không chắc chắn ở quá khứ: có lẽ (có thể) đã (không)
12. Her bike has disappeared. Someone …….. into the house and
taken it.
A. might have broken: suy đoán không chắc chắn ở QK
= may have broken
= could have broken
B. can have broken: không có công thức này
C. could break: suy đoán không chắc chắn ở HT
D. mustn’t have broken: không có công thức này

13. I'm not sure, but he ………. her.

A. can have phoned B. could phone
C. could have phoned D. must have phoned

14. By this time next week, I ………….. for Washington.

A. may well have left B. might well have left
C. could well have left D. All are correct

15. The door is unlocked; _______ here last night.

A. Something strange was happened
B. Something strange should have happened
C. Something strange had happened
D. Something strange could have happened

16. - “Why wasn’t your boyfriend at the party last night?”

- “He _______ the lecture at Shaw Hall. I know he very much wanted
to hear the speaker.”
A. was to attend
B. may have attended
C. can have attended
D. should have attended
 17. James didn’t come to see us as planned and he didn’t even phone
us. He… about the appointment.
A. can have forgotten B. might have forgotten
C. must forget D. should have forgotten

7- Could have done = Might have done: (không = May have done): lẽ ra
đã có thể làm nhưng không làm.
18. “I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn’t know what to do
- “You____ your roommate.”
A. could have called B. may have called
C. would have called D. must have called
19. It was terrifying. We …………… .
A. might have killed B. might have been killed
C. could be killed D. must have been killed
20. You …… your neck, jumping out the window like that.
A. could break B. must have broken
C. could have broken D. may have broken
21. All this damage ………. by children.
A. couldn't have done B. mustn't have been done
C. mightn't have done D. couldn't have been done

8- Was to have done / Were to have done: lẽ ra đã có thể (làm) (xảy ra)
nhưng không…. = could have done= might have done
22. The meeting ………. place in the hall, but had to be cancelled.
A. had taken B. was to have taken
C. is to have taken D. was to take
23. I hope everything’s OK. They _____ several hours ago.
A. supposed to call B. would call
C. have called D. were to have called
- was/were to do: sự việc đã xảy ra
So sánh: was/were to have done: sự việc không xảy ra (lẽ ra… nhưng
kg)
24. This discovery …(….đã có/ sự thật)…. a major effect on the
treatment of heart disease. It was excellent.
A. was to have B. was to have had
C. would have had D. were to have

9- Would have done: lẽ ra đã có thể (làm) (xảy ra) nhưng không….

= could have done= might have done= was/ were to have done
25. I …….. you to draw up a proper plan, but I didn't know about
your idea.
A. would help B. had helped
C. would have helped D. was to help
Ex:
26. There is no excuse for your late submission! You _ the report by
last Monday.
A. needn’t have finished B. mightn’t have finished
C. should have finished D. must have finished

27. I’d rather (mong/ ước chi: cho QK )_________ to the party with
my parents because there was nothing interesting there.
A. hadn’t been invited B. not have been invited
C. haven’t been invited D. not be invited
- would rather 1 CN
HT/ TL: would rather + do
would rather not do
QK: would rather + have done
would rather not have done
28. You ________ to your teacher like that. It was very rude.
A. wouldn’t have talked B. must have talked
C. needn’t have talked D. shouldn’t have talked

29. Adrian got surprisingly high grades in the final exam. He ________
his lessons very carefully.
A. would have revised B. must have revised
C. needn't have revised D. can't have revised

30. Jack __ that job but he didn't; he decided to run his own business.
A. must have taken B. should have taken
C. could have taken D. may have taken