PHILOSOPHY
Embodied Spirit
Man- represent the entire human race.
Human- A term used to refer for various
classifications and species. For a living man,
human is under the classification of Mamalia.
Human Being - A term used to separate man
from other Human Classifications like animals.
Person - Refers to an individual who possess
self-awareness, selfdetermination, rational mind,
and the capacity to interact with other and with
himself/herself.
Personhood - A general term refers to the state
of being a person with unique, sacred and ethical
status within him/herself.
Human Nature - A general term refers to the
deepest and natural behaviour of a person that
distinguish human from animals
What is Human Person?
-Is someone with an exact origin of his/her
classification.
-Is typically with a body which is tangible and
has a three components composed of SOUL,
MIND and SPIRIT.
Two kinds to distinguish a human person:
Cognitive Self (something within and cannot be
physically seen) is the essential components of a
human persons that deals with THE WHAT OF A
PERSON which includes human persons’ belief,
desire, dreams, and intentions.
Physical Self (something can be seen in his/her
physical appearance) which deals with the
essential features of the human way of life or
THE WHO OF A PERSON which includes his/her
body type, strength and appearances.
What is Embodied Spirit?
-Is an animating core living within each of us. It
is known to be the driving force behind what we
actually think, do and say.
-It is indeed the reflections of our total being by
which our sensations lead to our human feelings,
emotions and decision.
-“embodied spirit”, we normally believed and
conclude of a spirit becoming flesh.
-inseparable union of human body and soul.
What is Human Person as Embodied Spirit?
-Self- awareness refers to person having a clear
perception of oneself, including his or her
thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions.
-A human person is able to connect and
interact with another person, an animal or an
inanimate object.
-We are not determined by others. Because we
have interiority; we can direct the course of our
own life.
-A human person has an inherent value and
importance. This is what we call dignity.
Human Transcendence
-Ability to surpass your limits. This is the
definition of Transcendence. You are able to
transcend your limit through your physical and
mental abilities.
Notice Disorder in the Universe
-The domination of humanity is linked to the
domination of nature based on the
anthropocentric model. An unfair or unjust
utilization of the environment result to ecological
crisis.
-Accordingly, humanity needs to develop an
"ecological conscience" based on individual
responsibility. Ecologists challenge us to adopt a
lifestyle that involves simple living that honors
the right of all life forms to live, flourish, and
create a rich diversity of human and nonhuman
life.
Pursuing Wisdom and Facing Challenges in
the 21st Cent.
Scientific Approach – Because the investigation
is systematic. It employs certain procedure.
Natural light of Reason – Philosophy
investigates things, neither by using on the basis
of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes
theology.
Study all things – This set the distinction
between philosophy and other science.
-The reason in philo is not one-sided rather it is
multidimensional or holistic.
First Cause of The Highest Principle:
1.Identity – A thing, idea, or a person, concept,
character for that to exist.
2.Non-Contradiction – It is impossible to be and
not be at the same time, and at the same respect.
3.Excluded Middle – A thing is either is or
either is no; everything must be either be or not
be. There is no middle.
4.Sufficient Reason – Nothing exist without a
sufficient reason for its being and existence.
Braches of Philosophy
Epistemology – Study the nature of knowledge
and rationality of beliefs.
Metaphysics – Asked questions about the
essence and existence of being.
Logic – Concerned with reasoning or truth.
Ethics/Axiology – Concerns matter of morality
and value.
Aesthetic – Explore the nature and appreciation
of beauty, and taste. The science of beautiful in
various manifestations. Including sublime,
cosmic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
PR2
Kinds of Variables and their uses
Variable – Refers to characteristics, or attribute
of an individual or an organization that can be
measured or observed and that varies among
people.
-Any entity that make on different values.
Anything that vary can be considered as variable.
Independent Variable – Variable that stands
alone and is not change by the variables you are
trying to measure. Probably causes, influence, or
affects outcome.
Dependent Variable – Depends on the
independent variable, it is the outcome or result
of the influence of the independent variable. Also
called as outcome variable.
Intervening Variable – is hypothetical variable
used to explain casual links between variables.
Cannot be observed in correlational research. Ex.
Gender, age, income etc. Also known as
mediating or moderating variable.
Experimental Research – Is a quantitative
research that treats or deals with the object or
subject of the research in a definite or exact
manner and it determines the extent of the affect
or influence of the treatment on the object or
subject.
-Involves experimentation to test impact of the
independent variable to the dependent variable.

Qualitative Research
True-Experimental
Research
Match-comparative
Research
Quasi-Experimental
Research
Time-series Research
Single-subject Research
INPUT
 Materials of
the study
 Ingredients
 Equipment
 Evaluations
Kinds of Research SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Sampling – Is a systematic process of getting the
sample.
Quantitative Research
Types of sampling:
Probability Sampling – Where a researcher sets
Experimental Research Non-experimental
a selection of a few criteria and chooses Research
members of population randomly. Everyone has
the opportunity to beResearch
Descriptive chosen/be part.
Types of Probability Sampling:
Comparative
Simple Random Sampling Research
– everyone has equal
Quasi-Experimentalchance to be selected.
Research
-Fishbowl method Correlational Research
-Lottery method
Pre-Experimental
Research
Systematic Sampling – Every member of the
population is listed, randomly generating
numbers, divided in regular intervals.
Stratified Sampling – It allows to draw more
precise conclusions by ensuring that every
subgroup is properly represented in the sample.
Cluster Sampling – Dividing the population into
subgroups, but each group should have similar
characteristics to the whole sample. Randomly
select the whole subgroup.
PROCESS OUTPUT
Non-Probability Sampling – Sampling method
 Preparation ofin which not all the members
 Theof the population
material, toolshave
and an equal chance to be phenomenon
selected/be part.
equipment Types of Non-Probability,Sampling:
or
 Processing the transformati
formulated roolpos on
Convenience Sampling – includes the
 individuals who happen to be the most
Nutrient analysis
accessible to the researches. Cannot
generalizable results.
Voluntary Response Sampling – Mainly based
on ease of access. People volunteer themselves.
Purposive Sampling – Involves the researchers
using their judgment to select a sample that is
most useful to the purpose of the research.

Snowball Sampling – Can be used to recruit

participants via participants. The number of
people you have access to “snowball” as you get
contact with more people.