Three-Dimensional Geometry

For: PU Boards 2024

1 Marks ( No VSA as per 2024 but same can be asked as MCQs and FIBs)
1. If a line makes angle 900, 600 and 300 with positive direction of x, y and z axis respectively.
Find its direction cosines. (2014s,2018)
2. Write the direction cosines of x-axis (2015)
3. Write the direction cosines of z-axis (2016s)
4. Write the direction cosines of y-axis. (2022,2017s)
5. Find the direction cosines of a line which makes equal angles with the positive co-ordinate
axes. (2017)
𝑥−5 𝑦+4 𝑧−6
6. The Cartesian equation of a line is = = . Write its vector form.
3 7 2
7. If a line has direction ratios 2,-1,-2 then determine its direction cosines. (2019)
8. If a line makes angles 90 , 135 and 45 with the X, Y and Z – axes respectively, find its
0 0 0

direction cosines (2020,2021m)

2 Marks
1. Find the angle between the pair of lines.
𝑟⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ + 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗ = 5𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂)
(2014,2015,2022,2024m)
2. Find the Cartesian equation of the line parallel to y-axis and passing through
the point (1,1,1) (2016)
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
3. Show that = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = = are perpendicular to each other (2016s)
7 −5 1 1 2 3
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥+1 𝑦−4 𝑧−5
4. Find the angle between the pair of lines = = and = = (2019s)
3 5 4 1 1 2

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 Three-Dimensional Geometry

For: PU Boards 2024

3 Marks
1. Find the shortest distance between the lines (2014s,2019s)
̂
𝑟⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘)
𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ + 𝜇(3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂)
̂ − 4𝑘̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖
2. Find the distance between the lines 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗 ̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ −
5𝑘̂ + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ) (2015s,2016,2021m)
̂ ̂ ̂
3. Find the shortest distance between the lines 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗 + 𝑘 + 𝜆(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘 )𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ −
𝑘̂ + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) (2017)
5 Marks
1. Derive equation of a line in a space through a given point and parallel to a vector both in the
vector and Cartesian form. (2014s,2015,2019,2020,2022,2024m)
2. Derive the equation of the line in space passing through two given points, both in vector and
Cartesian form (2018,2018s,2017s,2023m)
Additional
Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line through the point (5, 2, -4) and which is parallel to
the vector 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂
Find the values of p so that the lines

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