LESSON 3 – SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

HOMOGENOUS HETEROGENOUS
Cannot be separated manually Can be separated manually
• Evaporation • Manual Picking
• Distillation • Sieving
- Simple • Magnets
- Fractional • Filtration
- Vacuum • Sedimentation &
- Steam Decantation
• Recrystallization
• Chromatography

SEPARATION OF HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES

• Evaporation
- in this process, a solution is heated until it boils
- once it boils, the liquid and solvent start to evaporate
• Chromatography
- ink gets separated from paper using water or alcohol

Part of a Chromatographic Setup

- The Mobile Phase is the solvent in chromatography that
carries the components throughout the stationary phase
which is absorption.
• Distillation
- separation of liquid and liquid using high temperature

Distillation Flask is laboratory glassware that is used to

contain the mixture that will be distilled.
• Recrystallization
- is when a solid turns into a liquid and then turns into a
solid again because of the temperature (high and low)
- example of this is the formation of volcanic rocks
(igneous rocks)

SEPARATION OF HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES

• Manual Picking using your hands or tongs can be done on

separating the components of these kinds of mixtures.
• Sieving exploits the difference in particle size of solids.
• Magnets can be used to attract magnetic materials.
• Filtration is a process of separating solids from liquids by
allowing the mixture to pass through a filtering material.
SIMPLE CONICAL (3:1) 2 folds
FLUTED FILTER PAPER 4 folds
• Sedimentation is the process in which suspended solids
will eventually separate from liquids by gravity.
• Once the solid particles settle at the bottom, the liquid
may be separated through decantation.
o An easier way to separate immiscible liquids is by
using a separatory funnel.
➢ It is used to separate two liquids with different
densities.
• Centrifugation is a process in which the suspension or
colloid is rotated at very high speeds. It uses a machine
called a centrifuge that rotates the sample.

APPLICATION OF MIXTURE

• In the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, separation

techniques are used to purify chemicals to acceptable
standards.
• In the wastewater industry, separation techniques such as
sedimentation, centrifugation, microfiltration, and
distillation are used to recover water from used water.
• In the field of health and medicine, centrifugation is used
to separate the components of blood or urine for
laboratory testing.