Methods of Separating

Components of Mixtures and

Compounds
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
• describe various simple separation techniques such as
distillation and chromatography
Method of Separating Components of Mixture
Method of Separating Components of Mixture

 is a procedure or process of segregating or moving the

constituent or part of a substance which is made up of
two or more pure substances.
Different Methods of Separating Components
of Mixture
• Filtration
• Decantation
• Mechanical Separation
• Centrifugation
• Distillation
• Chromatography
• Electrolysis
FILTRATION
• To separate an insoluble solid from a
mixture.

E.g. sand from seawater

Upon filtration, the mixture is separated
into residue and filtrate.

Residue – the insoluble solid that remains

on the filter paper.
Filtrate – the liquid that passes through the
filter paper.
DECANTATION
• To separate the liquid from solid and
other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids
• It is a process that separates
components of a mixture based on
differences in weights.
• E.g. sand and water
MECHANICAL SEPARATION
• Involves the use of forceps, sieves,
magnet and other similar tools to
separate the components of
mixtures.
• In mechanical separation, the
involved substances are mostly
solids that can be separated
manually.
• E.g. sand and gravel
CENTRIFUGATION
• The process that uses centrifugal
force for the separation of two liquids
in a mixture.
• E.g. separating the components of
blood
DISTILLATION
• The process that involves the
evaporation and condensation of a
liquid solvent from a mixture or
solution.
• It uses the difference in boiling
points of the components of a
mixture.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
• It is a technique of separating
two or more dissolved solids
which are present in a solution
in very small quantities.
ELECTROLYSIS
• It is a chemical decomposition or
breakdown produced by passing
an electric current through a
liquid or solution containing ions.
• E.g. separation of oxygen atom
to the hydrogen atoms from the
water molecules
QUIZ
In preparing coffee using the Barako coffee beans,
you may pour the boiled coffee mixture into a piece
of cloth. Which method is being illustrated?
A. Filtration
B. Decantation
C. Distillation
D. Mechanical separation
QUIZ
Which of the following mixtures could NOT be used
in separating the components of mixtures through
decantation?
A. Quail egg in hot water
B. Sugar in hot water
C. Sand in glass of water
D. Utensils in warm water
QUIZ
Which of these methods could be used to separate
an insoluble solid from a soluble solids?
A. Mixing the mixture with water and then filtering it.
Then evaporate the water from the resulting liquid.
B. Mixing the mixture with sand and then filtering it.
Then evaporate the sand from the resulting solid
C. Mixing the mixture with hydrogen gas and then
filtering it. Then evaporate the solids out.
D. None of the above.
QUIZ
Which method uses the boiling point differences by
gradually heated a mixture? The substance that
vaporize the easiest will separate first.
A. Filtration
B. Decantation
C. Distillation
D. Mechanical separation
QUIZ
A coffee filter is used to separate coffee liquid from
ground, this is a suitable example of ____
A. filtration
B. decantation
C. distillation
D. mechanical separation
QUIZ
In preparing coffee using the Barako coffee beans,
you may pour the boiled coffee mixture into a piece
of cloth. Which method is being illustrated?
A. Filtration
B. Decantation
C. Distillation
D. Mechanical separation
QUIZ
Which of the following mixtures could NOT be used
in separating the components of mixtures through
decantation?
A. Quail egg in hot water
B. Sugar in hot water
C. Sand in glass of water
D. Utensils in warm water
QUIZ
Which of these methods could be used to separate
an insoluble solid from a soluble solids?
A. Mixing the mixture with water and then filtering it.
Then evaporate the water from the resulting liquid.
B. Mixing the mixture with sand and then filtering it.
Then evaporate the sand from the resulting solid
C. Mixing the mixture with hydrogen gas and then
filtering it. Then evaporate the solids out.
D. None of the above.
QUIZ
Which method uses the boiling point differences by
gradually heated a mixture? The substance that
vaporize the easiest will separate first.
A. Filtration
B. Decantation
C. Distillation
D. Mechanical separation
QUIZ
A coffee filter is used to separate coffee liquid from
ground, this is a suitable example of ____
A. filtration
B. decantation
C. distillation
D. mechanical separation
Questions?