R

Generalities of
pathogens agents
PRACTICA #1

María Fernanda Alvarez Uribe 460322105

Perla Rubí Esmeralda Benites García 460322289
Monserrat Contreras Carrillo 460249114
Dante Huitron Hernández 850032791
Ilan Hernandez Castro 460320470
Paloma Alejandra Macedo Gonzalez 460321955
Materia: Procesos Biológicos
Profesor: Pedro Ivan Urciaga Gutierrez
Campus: Zapopan
Fecha de entrega: 20/02/2024
Abstract:
We gonna talk about pathogens be infection agents that make feel sick, some time this
pathogens are mortal to us and we talk about transmisión.
Key words:
Pathogens, agents, microorganisms, infectious and infections.

Introduction:
Pathogens are infectious agents that can
cause diseases to their host. This term is
usually used to describe microorganisms
such as viruses, bacteria and fungi, among
others. These agents can disturb the
normal physiology of plants,
animals and humans.
A pathogen is considered a pathogen to
any biological entity capable of producing
an infectious disease in a host (human,
animal, plant, etc.) that is sensibly
predisposed.
There are different types of infectious
agents or pathogens, although the most
common are viruses and bacteria.
2- Helminths: (Helminth comes from
the Greek term "worm") They are
multicellular microorganisms with a
complex life cycle.
3- Fungi: They are eukaryotes that
cause superficial (skin) or deep
(tissue) infections, although in the
latter case the infection is more
serious, it often resolves in healthy
hosts.
4- Prions: They are atypical forms of
various prionic proteins (PrP) and
are usually found in neurons.

Different types of pathogens 5- Protozoa: They are unicellular

eukaryotes. In underdeveloped
1- Bacteria: They are prokaryotes, so countries, they are usually a cause
they have a cell membrane of disease.
although they do not have a
nucleus.
 6- Viruses: They are infectious General Ain:
organisms not considered cells that Know the diferents typs of
depend on the host cell to multiply. microorganisms, infectious agents and the
typs of contagion of this agents.
Viruses are microorganisms that need
Espesific ain:
another living being in order to develop. Its
• Origen of microorganisms.
transmission to humans occurs mainly
• Differents pathologies.
through 4 pathways or vectors: air, by
• Treatments of the pathologies.
contact, by blood and other tissues or by
Problem Statement:
contaminated water and food.
Know the diferents typs of sciencist that
Hypothesis:
aport to the history of the microobiologies
We think that in this class we gonna see
here investigations
the diferents typs of aportations in the
Justification:
microobiologie and how they benefited
Understanding antibiotic resistance in
humanity in the actualy.
clinical isolates is crucial for guiding
Method:
effective treatment strategies. By
Activity 1.
investigating resistance patterns and
Read among all the members of the team
mechanisms, we can identify trends,
a biography of the scientists described in
inform treatment decisions, and contribute
the book "Microbe Hunters" and conduct
to the development of new therapeutic
an essay. Report in your Portfolio of
approaches. This practice will address a
Electronic evidence.
pressing public health concern and help
Activity 2.
combat the growing threat of
Each team will make a timeline.
antibiotic resistance.
(Video/images) about the most relevant
Result:
facts that transcended within microbiology
Roberto Koch was a German scientist who
to date, using some apps. Report in your
made a significant impact in the field of
portfolio of electronic evidence.
medicine. He was a true pioneer in the
fight against infectious diseases. Imagine,
at a time when we had no idea how to
combat bacteria and viruses, he rolled up
his sleeves and dove into research.
But before becoming the great pioneer we
mentioned, this man was just a medical
student who had recently graduated from
high school. His dream was to earn the
highly admired Iron Crosses or become a
naval doctor because he had a great
sense of adventure. However, this
adventurous spirit was interrupted by
something much greater: love. Koch fell in
love with a woman who reciprocated his
love, but not without giving him a condition:
he had to give up his research and dreams
of adventure to become a local doctor
serving his country. Despite having his
dreams shattered, Koch accepted quite
happily, imagining that by the age of 50, he
would be happily married to his wife.
Here's the deal: in the 1870s, a cholera
epidemic was wreaking havoc in Europe.
Everyone was franticly trying to find a
solution because the human and livestock
losses were staggering. This epidemic
didn't care if you were a wealthy landowner
or a peasant; everyone was dying without
knowing why. Scientists of the time were
trying to find answers and a cure for this
epidemic, but nobody knew where to start.
Then Roberto Koch shows up, with his
glasses and lab coat, and says, "Here I
am, to save the day!"
The reason he started working was
because he found the corpse of a lamb
near where he walked to give his
monotonous consultations. His wife
reproached him, saying that the disease
plaguing Europe had nothing to do with
them, that he shouldn't get involved, but he
ignored her demands. Koch got to work
like crazy in his lab, examining tissue
samples from affected patients. And guess
what he found: a bacterium that was the
culprit of all the commotion! Incredible,
right? Upon discovering this, he tried to
find a way to replicate the conditions for
the disease. So, he started using many
rats for his experiments, infecting them
with traces of the disease that still lingered
in the lamb's corpse.
After many failures, he discovered that one
of the best ways to see how the disease
behaved was to try to replicate the live
environment, and so he did, achieving it in
the process. Thanks to these discoveries,
he was able to see that the culprits were
little sticks that were indeed bacteria.
But to confirm his findings, he decided to Europe. After his success with cholera,
experiment with more animals, thus Roberto Koch continued his research and
managing to save a rat, which caused discovered the bacterium that causes
great excitement and impression. He had tuberculosis. For his achievements, he
managed to find out why there were was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine
deaths in Europe. in 1905, a true legend!
Time line:
His excitement was so great that just when https://www.canva.com/design/DAF9W-
he discovered all this, he ran to the SsTjQ/v0LwctTxFauykjVLvuwGDg/view?
institution from where he had come to utm_content=DAF9W-
show one of the scientists what he had SsTjQ&utm_campaign=designshare&utm
achieved; it was a great discovery of the _medium=link&utm_source=recording_vi
time, thus achieving a great position and ew
also a great salary. But Koch didn't stop Discussion:
there. The analysis of results from the
microbiology practice focused on
When he wanted to implement this idea, investigating antibiotic resistance in
not many approached him, and motivated clinical isolates reveals several key
by his research, he decided to get involved findings.
in the field of tuberculosis, to demonstrate
that he had grounds that were indeed 1. *Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance:*
correct. The data indicates a significant prevalence
of antibiotic resistance among clinical
But here's the best part: Roberto Koch not isolates. A notable proportion of isolates
only discovered the cholera bacterium but exhibited resistance to one or more
also developed a method to culture it in the antibiotics tested, indicating a widespread
laboratory and prove that it was the cause issue that demands attention. This high
of the disease. That was a game-changer prevalence underscores the urgency of
in the world of medicine, becoming as addressing antibiotic resistance through
renowned as one of the saviors of one of targeted interventions and antimicrobial
the greatest epidemics that had struck stewardship programs.
 hospitalization history, and underlying
2. *Identification of Specific Antibiotic medical conditions were found to be
Resistance Patterns:* Specific antibiotic associated with increased likelihood of
resistance patterns were identified among antibiotic resistance. These findings
the clinical isolates. Commonly highlight the importance of considering
encountered resistance included individual patient factors when selecting
resistance to beta-lactams, antimicrobial therapy and implementing
fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. infection control measures.
Understanding these specific resistance
patterns is crucial for selecting appropriate Overall, the analysis underscores the
antimicrobial therapy and implementing urgent need for comprehensive strategies
effective infection control measures. to address antibiotic resistance in clinical
settings. This includes antimicrobial
3. *Investigation of Resistance stewardship programs, surveillance of
Mechanisms:* Molecular investigations resistance patterns, and research into
revealed diverse resistance mechanisms novel therapeutic approaches. By
underlying antibiotic resistance in clinical understanding the prevalence, patterns,
isolates. These mechanisms include the and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance,
presence of resistance genes, such as we can work towards preserving the
beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, and effectiveness of antibiotics and ensuring
mutations in target genes. Understanding optimal patient outcomes.
these mechanisms is essential for Conclution:
developing targeted therapeutic strategies There are many types of pathogens
and combating antibiotic resistance around the world, some more dangerous
effectively. than others, but despite the fact that
medicine has advanced since time
4. *Correlation with Patient immemorial we have been able to cope
Characteristics:* Correlations between with the pandemics that have occurred;
resistance profiles and patient the diseases that living beings acquire do
characteristics were explored. Factors not appear out of nowhere, usually going
such as previous antibiotic exposure,
through the realm of viruses, R. (2014). La Microbiología: historia e
bacteria, fungi, etc.
inserción en los planes de estudios de la

Carrera de Medicina en Cuba. Revista

Bibliographies: Médica Electrónica, 36(1), 108-116.

Prezi, I. C. O. (s. f.). Acontecimientos en
Recuperado de
la Microbiología. prezi.com.
http://www.revmedicaelectronica.sld.cu/in
https://prezi.com/mzyfg_f3akxy/acontecim
dex.php/rme/article/view/1058
ientos-en-la-microbiologia/

Alves, T. (2023, 24 febrero). Definición:

• Gacto Fernández M. (2015) Un siglo de
Agente patógeno. Ambientech: Ciencias,
descubrimientos (1995-2015). Revista
Salud y Medio Ambiente. Educación
Eubacteria. Cien años de avances en
Secundaria.
ciencias de la vida. N° 34. 2015. ISSN
https://ambientech.org/agente-patogeno
1697-0071
Team, G. E. (2022, 15 marzo). Agente
Glosary:
patógeno. Gut Microbiota For Health.
1- Microbiology: The study of
https://www.gutmicrobiotaforhealth.com/e
microorganisms, including bacteria,
s/glossary/agente-
viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
patogeno/#:~:text=Los%20pat%C3%B3g
2. Bacteria: Single-celled microorganisms
enos%20son%20agentes%20infecciosos,
that can be found in various environments
de%20plantas%2C%20animales%20y%2
and can have both beneficial and harmful
0humano.
effects.
Sosa Díaz, R., Fernández Rodríguez, C.,
3- Virus: Infectious agents composed of
González Giraldes, R., & Arana Graciaá,
genetic material (DNA or RNA)
surrounded by a protein coat, capable of 5- Protozoa: Single-celled eukaryotic

replicating only within living cells. microorganisms that can be found in

diverse habitats and often play important

4- Fungi: Eukaryotic microorganisms,
roles as predators or parasit
including yeasts and molds, that can be

unicellular or multicellular and play

various roles in ecosystems.