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.8Lb <  #4 ,-  &  ()

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.(A)"F /  KH3 # O 3 F,  I 6  0 6  2, # 3 
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6 56 $ '6 "  ,  2   G?  ; /1 !# %$ '  
  ',4    3 $  6   &4. ,6 #  K a"  3   &&4

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.(8)" /3  <. 3 6 #
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   5 6 #+ , E - (H   3  O= ,6 J @ =,   3  #
.(8)"F #.  F # 31 ' N &4. J $ 6 # ;  N  

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2^  5^4   D ,  '   N* %& /  ;  N
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(8)
I6 3  #   &4. $ =,   0$ 3  G? 1 $ =, J/
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(L)
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.ATb <  6 # 2$ :," 2 , $ &  ( )
 
3  % +1  + 3      ," + /1     3  
.(8)3   O O! O= J  2 . %   5

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 / +,   = 01   5 6 / 01 K ,* K 6 ,!
  G? 2 '6 , '!  : /  F "  / D  "    
01 ,6   h  2= 36  . 5 !   , + 3 >" :5* /1 " C 4 3
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.8MQ[8MP < &4. +, :;  2 1 &  ()


.AU/A <- : "   ()
.TU <  - :;   ()
8MQ < &4. +, ;  2  &  ()
8MT <  #4 ,-  ()
8Qb <     ,   &  ( )
 
' &4 01 K" + 01 $, %  "   : = #  
%6 #+  ,! Z O  ; +   O  1 " ;  3 6 #  ".

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%6 #+  ,! @   3 ," +  6  3 <  K $  6
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.(A)## /4  3$  3 *= =      F"$1 $ I N
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  O& O= J    31 " $, +   %6 #+  ;  ,
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.(T)',   %,," =  I  1

.8MU < &4. +, :;  2 1 &  ()


.8Mb <  #4 ,-  ()
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.8Qb <     , :  &  ( )

+,   :  3 31 " $,   %6 #+   ,   
   5 X  *  =  6 +  5H K,  %# E  0$

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  "% *"   J/ '?"6 0$ #   =, %# 0$ G   '!
;  * ' $ N,1 `  * 2,*   !  3  0$  6 2"6   ,
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.8P8[8PS < &4. +, :;  &  ()


.8MQ[8MP <  6 #  * : 6= ()
.LPT/8 <- : "   ()
 
"   ,"
2&   K 0 6  ' 6   # / @?    K $ 5

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0 6  5*    I6   'H"  I -  2,3" - 23  @ ,6* 
 '#, V  ?
O * # O$ +, 2$ E -    #   " F #.
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.(8)' = , + 4- 3  6 +
O 
 2 ,,$    &  / -*  K 6 K+^ $ # (/ h3 
.` 5"  5*  <-  2 6 ,! +, " .(A)0 6  0$    ' 
,,6  =,   K $ N, %*  G*  ,6 ',4  +,   /
  5 E - $ G   23  23  +,   G 0$ , ' - 
   !  # 236  (M)+,   & $ G  236  (L)+,
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(U)
:2#! 6# 01 '- 236 , $ ' 6   5* + <- 
.0 6  G – 8
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,  ,  88Q <  "6   #,   5   LS < M V 8Q 2 4 2$ " D, -6
 # ATb – ATT V AM 2 5-4 " 4  +,   #  # .8AM < (   5 $
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.88Q <  "6  #,  
AM < ,,"  1 +, 2$ :  &  ()
 
;6  KH" 01 5  0 6  5* – P
.I6. 01 N!.  0 6  5* – Q

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


.N!. 01 I6.  0 6  5* – T
.+,    – U
.+, ! – b
,"  01 ;#   5* + (8)  +,      &  
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+, '+"  2@ 4 - (/
     ( 6 ,!   6 &4.    %&   E- 1
:    0$ ;  2 1 3- &  J  &
:(.)2 5 "6 – )
G = O, ?
O  5. 0 6     +, <- ,-*
  / <- F  # O  " -"    ;   ,*6 (P)<-  3"
#     @ 01 3* H" + 6 <  &4 O ? F6
.J/ @ 3  5  @
# ,#X   h6 + 3  # F    +1 6 # 2 '3    
.(Q)"  ;6 + 5
/ "2 6 ,6 <- +"  6 " *"    ?
O -  6= <- ,!
 .5. "5. <- 2= 2 6 0$ r /  564 F6: : 
(U)"  5  3 3":06 5! (T)"0 # %?- '- 0$ &" :Z*

.APS[AMb < +, 2$ : $   ,  8T8[8TS <     , :  &  ()
.AUU <  6 +, 2$ :, H &  ()
.UQ < G  &   #, +, 2$ :, )$ , .AUP <  2$ :6# ,  &  ()
<-  <-    :6# ,   # 8US <     , 0 6  G   4 #  # ()
 G  : HH6 , $  # AMP < +, 2$ 0 6  G   ,   # AUL <  2$ :0 6 
+,  4 - ,   # AU8< =,  '#, K   6  26 <-  0 6 
 # .L88 <  6 +, 2$ +, <*  <-  :, H  # .MAA <   '& -
.+, <-  O, O  6 3 .ALL <  2$ : 6 +, <- " :'    (H@
.MU <  *  2$ : HH6 , $ &  ()
.AQM <  - ;   ( )
..ALU Z %*  %#( )
.PU Z   %#()

     , 3  "  ,  %?-  0 # %?- l ,  1
.(8)"5-4  <- ? 3   34  "

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$  6    6  &4.      6= ;    5  /1
O 6 23 # O # 23   # > ' '  N,1    'H"
)6 5 6 #+  < 2= O $    ?
O - 3 ,*$   +, <- %& $
.,
l ' ,-* <  2=   J,"  K ,-! - h  =   
.(A)2
V #. 2 ,  5 6 #+  < 2= ,   > (' #) &4 J/
.(L), ,  , 
&4.  N J/ 0$ =  0 $ +, <- $ ;  2 1 D, ,!
F/ /   ' 2&6  &4." :?
O ! <- 2 6  3 ++, F/ /
'", J 3 2?$.    <- 0-! '    2 6 0-!  3 ++,
.(M)"0 # '+ <-  '", J  2 6 
  5 0$ G   %"  " :3 %,,6 =  %& / 0$ 5= 
 5! OH" E - &4  5! 3" G +, ',, /> ". ?  
N. ". V   ?  O+Z ,6 # "5*   %""  * '-- ,! +,
 < "-  5*   %""   ! "%""    3 +,  < J/ 3
33     6 01 5- 0  <- +, 5H + ."5*   %""  +,
.(P),, G 01 +, 5- " *,  5*   %""  *
"    5*  #  # +, <- 3&  / 01 
01 &4  6 +,  * / 5 < 01 26  5* +" :  5* 5-4
, 6 0 6  &4 <-   " '++, 5 H> 2*  0 6 - +,
.(Q)"2 6 0$ +
O ,   ,6 @

.LAP – LAM <  *  6=()


.MAT/8 H  : # &  ()
.MAT/8  #4 ,-  &  ()
.8PL < &4. +, :;  2 1 ()
.8PL[8PA <  #4 ,-  ()
.PS < ASSS AM 2 ATb[ATT V 5-4 " 4 +,  :#  # ( )

H  E ?  )6 X " 2  +, <-   $   ,  N
01  # **  " "    , ,,$ 5!  K E ?  ',H   &4

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)6  ("3  # *  < 0 6 ' 6 # 3 +, '-- 2= 2
.(8)  <- 
 6 '    “Meat” +, G H" X   E   / 0$ ;  5= 
  J/ 2 0$ %- * ' - 3 +, '--  ', ,! 26  ,"
$  6 0   '  F?  O- O$  J  `  6   “Hound”
.(A)"F (
/3   K 6 2    +,   &  3&  /
   J G  '+  " : * 3&  / #4 (;,  ._) # 4 (
 J/ 2   &  5=  3$ 5= - 4 0$ 26 2#+ 3 G 
,,  G!, &4 5 6 #  #4 04$ 3 0$ ,! =,   G= /1 # X
 %, & ,, 2 "23 " 5,  ?4 % 4  F   , 6 26 F*  04 
  0 6 23   &  *  . 5*  5H + (/ *  3 ,-*  
 2 @. 0.   3 ,-*   23  $ (/  $ 2    
.(L)"  =Z J   = <-  / 5  =
   I6   " :?
O ! E   / #4 +
O = 0 $     )$ ,!
(/  "5# (  $"" (Potion) 3 * (2#)  6  (Potion) H" X
 F #  '= #  + '$ #    @ ,  # '$"   D,
$ 5, '   $ ,,$  5* K 0$ O-* E - 5,  ,, /3 `
.(M)"& , 01 5-.   
(P)
J  ,   6# ,  %& / 01 )6  F6 =,   
0 #  D,   G  , )6 0$ 26 &4 -*  01  (/
 D, 2= O*  -  6 '    " -"   J/ 0$ 5=  &4 <-
.(Q)2# $ l 0- 5# F- '--

.AMQ < +, 2$ : $   ,  &  ()


.8PM < &4. +, :;  2 1 &  ()
.APT <  ;,  ()
8US <     ,   ()
.AUM[AUL <  2$ :6# ,  &  ()
.A8b <  6 <-  * :J  ,  &  ( )

I 26  " :?
O !  ?#X &4. 0$ E   / -* , (/ # 2 
' -  2&6  N O  O,$ O   O  O,-* +
O  0 6  5 

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  6# (,3 h 2- %H %?- @ ', 6   ?#X 3*4
.(8) ".., 6  ,-* G $ - ? - 6 01  $  6 $ 5
2  N D (   $ =,  F  , $    )$ ,!
_ , $  G " D,   +, <- 3 =?= +,   &
 ( ) 0 6  (%3 )   3 =  J/ G# < 0 6 01 2$ 0 6 $
0$ G `  ;  + 2 5 0$ G '    (2)   ;  /
.(A)- K# 
   O6     5, " :,,- /3 5* ,    , $ ,   
,36 2,*  5H $ 5,  )6  ?
O = 26 2, # %= 3 , # 3 =
 6    ,   6 # 3 V   '+ 0$ , -*  6 2 $
V 2= 5,   $ '    ',4   " J/   V  / =   I` ,
.(L) "...,*6 6 G6 - 6  2?#X  3 6 #
%-6   "3  (+, <- ) 3&  / 0$  HH6 , $ 5= 
F  26   %   0$ G  2= % "y6" 0 6 5- 
-    H  0$ '"3 )6  G  E - y6 0 6 <- 2= 5,
.(M) 6 h *    H. 0$ 36  G 

:(8)2  $ – 7
5, < 0 6   *  34  &4 0 6 # " 0$ 2* +, 3& 
.(Q)5  2$ 0 6 01 $

.LAA <    6  6  :# 2 ()


.88P[88M < &  $ (   F  , $   &  ()
.8LP < (   5 $ :,    , $ ,  ()
.PS[Mb <  *  2$ : HH6 , $ &  ()
"0 6  2 6 "  2 6     6# ,   # 8US <     , 0 6  #    # ,! ()
 0 6  #  HH6 , $  # AML < +, 2$ :0 6  # : $   ,   # AUM <  2$
< -. , $ 0 6  #, 2 6     ,   #   # PS<  *  2$ :< 2 6
.+, 2 6  O, O  6 3 ALA <  2$ :- +, 2 6 '    (H@  # .8bQ
.A8U <  6 <-  * J  ,  ( )

,  < V 0$  , 0$ ,   5 6 #" :  236 6
.(8)"  ; " 0$  = , 0$ $   ; "

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&4 +, # ( - 6 0$ 5-.  '*  &4  4 $
#  ,* ,," 3 6 #   ;  3$ I6  3 ++, %, '6#  *
. $ ,6  5. 5 6 #+
=  / "+, 2 6 " %& /3 )$  K ,* F6   
. # ;     1 O
3 G ;! K # 5-" $  D,  O  J/ <- ,* ;    
O, K 5  1 - 2= K   1 , 5-" 6 -. $ ?
O * / ,* "@
F* +     ( / F*  :5* F 5 J/ 5* - 2= K  F :F*
E- 56"36 " '*$ " ?
O "  J/ 5- - (  ,*$  :* /
- #  3  *  *$  : -   5 J/ ,6 5*  - 0$
.(A) "...= / 5=  .2  I# 
,6 "O $ 5 6 # 2= O- 5-.    " 5-  5*  #  
6"   E   / E %,,6 =  / ,,- /3 ;   ( 6 #
!  5"  6  3- :   O$"  F 5 - = 2= D F 3-
2=  $ 0* # (/ ,6  :    $ 5 '- 2= %  3  F
.(L) ... %,H  '-
,,   / ,* +,    V  /  K ,* F6 K 6 ) ,!
 (" / ,! "# I*= "     " 6 "  (, H "%3 "" 
    K  2  ":2   5! 3 V  / 0$ =  )6 a- "6
K ( O   # 5# @ 5 - 2=5-.  /  '# @ /1 '  # ,!  =
.(M)

( . a  * #, +, 2$  5 " 2 , $ PS[Mb <  *  2$ : HH6 , $ &  ()
.ALA <
.bQ[bP <  - ;   ()
.MLS[MAb 8_ H   # ()
.(2 ) %, a- :(" ()

#. 3 , 5  6 ! 2   " :/ &  + F6 #  
2= F3 ? 23 O  , (/ 5  31 2# ( <-* 01 ,* (/ 5 * 

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.(8)"  (  K '/ ! 0   6# 
D,  ;  2 1 , $ +,   &   = 3&  ,6 +, 2 6 
@ ` )6  2 6  F- ,! &4. )6 +, <-  F-  " :?
O ! $
'++,   O= 5! 3--  '  O$ 5! '++, 2 6 
.(A)" 
G   .  %#  2,! 0$ 5 /   $   ,  N  
.(L)0 6 
J/ N , )$ ,  3 -6 5 !  O, ( / ," ,!
3 &6 . ' -    = # /1  $   ,  ., N  N" :?
O ! %* $,
.(M)"+, # 0  O - 3   ,"  ! +, <-  0$ 2*
,! 5! 4 " ;   #4  "+, 2 6 " 3&  /  ;  N
23, G* (/  *  ,* '++, 23  6 * ,,  '++, !,  
E -     %,,  *!, +, 0$ - , + F   2? 
O#  23#4  0$ #  O=1  6 +, 01 - +, *  J/ 2  6
.(P)"23    5 # #.
- 0 6   0 6     5  & K   $   ,  #4
&4 H  E ?  )6 *#X "  0$ &4 H  E ?  +, '  
*#" (  * +,  a  ,! 5" 5  "2$"   2, # (/ 54  '   
.(Q)\  %/   04  " * &4 H  E ? 
3--  O$ 5! +, 2 6  * ;  ^ 0$ ,! ,  G6
  # + ? N (/ 2 / !? 1  ;  , # 2?$ (,  #" 5*
V*1 !, 0$ < ,6 23   ;  N #   $ D, (/ N # 
J/  ;  N, 6 &  '# G4 %$  %,,  36!  &4.

(2 ) %, F6 # :&   ()


.8PM < &4. +, :;  2 1 ()
AML < +, 2$ : $   ,  &  ()
.TQ < *  & #, +, 2$ :, )$ , ()
.8PP < &4. +, ;  2 1 ()
AMP < +, 2$  $   ,  &  ( )
 
,- !+ / ,3" 5/  ,- !+ , /  ;,   I-  N # 
23#4  0$ #  01    $  5 .  &  = $ 5^#

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.(8)2? 234 4 (/  *  ,*  5=   3# =^
(A)
 ^ ,^ J/  ;  1 F/  01 F/   ," 2 , $  
 3 5 ,  6 <  + <-   O$ 5! 2 6   O-
.N. '
*
"; "   "+, 2 6 " 3&  / E %,,6 =  ;  2 1 G# ,!
23    ;  1 %, 5 0$ G ' - 2= F - '   6 5- 
2 6  /     3  0$ " "   %H 5 0$","   *  `
@  2&6  , G  ,! "-!" 26 '4- 01 2?$. 5 O
.(M)K 5* V,  "F!$" I  2 (2 )  "   2&" "
'    *“Arrived”   ;  / H" X  E   / V! =   
4- 0$ “Virtue”   5- ,"  ` ' - 3  r  01 5-  6
.(P)"
   -- , 0 6  2 6  * /1 6# ,  F/ ( / 01
0$   J/ 3 , , 0$ 3 +, -  = , 0$ 5, '   
= , 0$ +, ?
O = , 0$ 5, '      5 6 #  ,    ' 
5, 0   '    H" X “Barn”   J/ 0$ 5=  # "* " 0$ 
.(Q)F  V   V ( H 0$ 5, ' - 3  "6 H " 0$
“Jevois 3 N  , $ #  54  5* 3&  /3 ;,  5= 
5! 0$ G$ 3 5 5  D # 3 0 6 # 1 /1 O # N ( uneseine”
.(T)"^*  # ,! = K  J   = 3 2, + 54  @ J " :54 

.8LA < 8bUb LQ V  ,.  6   " " +,   +,  :,! ,  ,  ()
.AU8 <  6 # 2$ :," 2 , $ &  ()
.ML8/8 H  " $ 5 6 # 2= O - 5-.    ) 5-   # / 5=  / *
.8PP < &4. +, :;  2 1 ()
.8US <     ,   , $ 5=  / , *
.8PP < &4. +, :;  2 1 ()
.AUM <  2$ :6# ,  &  ( )
.APU <  :;/  ( )
 
34 &4 0 6 # J/"" :?
O ! J  ,  3&  / 01  ,!
 1 - (, ,) &4 5  2$ 0 6 01 $ 5, < 0 6   * 

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D !#  w 23 -  2* 2,*  (/ , ...K 5  X 5 6 # 2= K 
.(8)K F  2* 2,*   5 2$ 2="  F/ + ," 5=  
2# G?   -  +, 2 6  N (/ F  , $   , $ J/ ," 
.(A)"  ; " 0$ ; " V   < V
2= ). 4  %" 0$ 5-.  5,   " ? " &4  5= 
.(L)K  -  '  0$ G ' -
:(M)2  4 – 0
& O "1 O # = 3  ' 2=       
$ "+ &  "      3 > $ " %&     $ "+
.(P)       "  ! 0! 3  "  
+,  I6  ! +,      (+,   ) 3&  /3 ,-*
.(Q),  !
+, F-  O=" :?
O !  =  0 $ 3&  /3 ;  2 1 )$
&4.  3  ,*4  /.  =  O ,*4   I6  3 + )6
     $ %!   6 3  , &4 J 3 ,*  2 +  "   5  
2= 5 J $  6  N! 3  ; 3$ # K  VH /` '! /1 0  &
23 ?   %,$ 2 ;   3, = &4. J   2. 
 %* 3   ...5. 3"  I6 5"  3  6 # %+  I#X
.(T);4  3 VH4 + +, I + O $ ,6 &4 E - 0. +,
2, # '  D?= H" X   E   / V! =   ;  /
' 6 # /1 '  H orrible, Terrible Dreadufl : $&4  $  I-

.A8U <  6 <-  * :J  ,  ()


.88T < &   ! $ (   :F  , $   ()
88T <  #4 "  &  ()
2$ )     +   , 6# ,   .8bb <     , 0 6       4 #  # ()
<  *  2$ +, ,   #  HH6 , $ .MAP <   '& 6 .AUS < 
.,  "  0 6  .PU
.U8 <  D  # 2 1 &  ()
.PS[Mb <  *  2$ : HH6 , $ &  ( )
.8PQ < &4. +, ;  2 1 ( )

 +1 5 6 #  2 2&$ 53 6 6"  # '$H $  = * 
*# 3 D, 0$ +, 2, # ' - 2= O?=  , 5HH D,  6 I&

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.(8)  ", 2, -  %,"# 0$ (  " 
D y6 0$ 5, '    #    6  3&  / 0$ 5= 
' # # #" :06 !  "y6" 0 6 2 Z*  ' 6 #
.(L)f  # %4# "#" 0$ G ` ' -   /  @ (A)").
  '!  ," K# 0 6 I D,  ', ,!", 5 " 1
I6      :O,   (<) 5* Cl 5#  J O! V#  " ^#
.(M)"!# 0 6 F  '"3   #. 0$ ` 5 6 #
   O$ Z +,    %& / $ 6# ,  D, ,!
' 2= !  $ " &  ,6 3 ++, '    '  0$ G,- 0 6  
.(P) 6 $ "   01 5   '  =  N 6   01 3 ++,
+, F-  * %& /  N /1 5 !    F/ ( / 01
   + !    ,, ,! /.  =  3  ,*4  I6 )6
'!  V* 01 )4   * 01 %,   4  ,! 5 $ "+ 5 6 #+ 2#
.(Q),
3 %,,6 F #. ;  /  3*  33  O &4. )6 ,*4 ,!
.(T)## #4  $ " F #. V ,
5 6  = ,* 6 .3&  /3    4#   J/ 01 ;   ,!
3 4 6 #4  5 6 N # 0$  " :! O= F #. / E 4 6 #4 
 '6 E *   # " %H    &4.   O= O= 3
.(U)" @  $ &4 3 5  %/*

.8PQ <  #4 ,-  &  ()


.APP Z %*  %# ()
.8PT – 8PQ < &4. +, :;  2 1 &  ()
.8PT <  #4 ,-  &  ()
.AU8[AUS <  2$ :6# ,  &  ()
.ASA <     , :  &  ( )
.QT <  6 2"6  +, 2$ :Z 4   ,* , $ &  ( )
.QT <  #4 "  ()
 
:())2  – .
D +, /  2= -6 ,   0 6 0$ +, &4"   

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,! &4 .  1 0*  #4 5,  .  1 5. 5,   0! N! +
O , 5 
.(A)"0! 5, 01 5* 
  ,!  " :?
O ! %,,6 =   , 3&  / $ ;  2 1 D, 
 O $/ = 3     +, I6  @ N &4  N* ,! &4.  +,
.(L)"2$ " '
0$ +, '  ,*"5# J? "   0$ 0    6    J/  
+, J  3 E -   2= 3    3  3  K  # (/ <
#  26 0$ 5-.  5,   "%4#"   O J/   ` 34    #
.(M) '/ ' - D=. "  # 0$ (" + 
.+, 6 '*  0*  ,! 5,      * &4  , 
 '!   6 '    H" + “Marshal” &4 3&  /3 ;,  5= 
.(P)$ #$   +  6  5 #  - ( 5 ,36  (/ 2? '!.
 O$ Z +,   &  3&  / 01 6# ,  )6 ,!
 " " 6 01  '    '  F-  0$ G   0 6    
"" 6 0$  ? $ " &  5, '- 2= Oq # "46"  "6"
.(Q)"N!"  "I"
' - 6  V -  #  0$ G '   "' "   J/ 0$ 5= 
.(T),   ,36 (/ #  ,,6    2 '  0$ +, + 5 6 #
.(U) 04 - ,  F/ 0 6  / 01

 04 - ,   AUA <  2$  #     6# ,  N K # F  )6  , ,! ()
, $ 0 6  #,  #    Z ,   #   MAM <   '& 6 +, 
.8b8 < -.
.PQ <  *  2$ : HH6 , $ ()
.8PU < &4. +, :;  2 1 ()
.8PU <  #4 ,-  &  ()
.AAT <  :;/  &  ()
.AUL AUA <  2$ :6# ,  ( )
.AUL <  #4 "  &  ( )
.MAM <   '& : 04 - ,  &  ()
 
 (, 0$ 5, '    (y *)   +, ! 0$ N. = .  
J 3 E - ' 2= (8)K. '   ). " 0$   0$  K 5

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.   5  0  4   y * V  0$ 5, D ` 34    # +,
36 )*  ,!  '   3  &4.  $ #  J/ 5= 01
I& F# ;6  I6 01 %*  +, 3   ,! ` )6  0* 
.(A)4    H.  < 3 6 #
:$ ( 3   – 8
&4 5*    ;  2 1 N, +,   &  ;  3&  /
F!   +,    #  !?6 N +, 5" 01 +, 5" 
.(L) 3 
  $  O& +,   23 F " Z 01 5"  5* + ,4 
2 ,6 0 6  5* 1" : $   ,  5* /1 '?  0$  * 'H"  V  0$
.(M)"'?  0$  * 'H"  V  0$  + O =  $  +
O  0 6   5
/1   6  5,6   , $ 5* + " :?
O !"0 6  5* " ,  ;,  ,,
5 01 5     5*      <- 2 6 3"  4  +  
E- ;6  f $ 5,  K 01 , !?6   F #  01 F #  
H"   5 0$ )6  G? 1  %6 #+  0  G    0 6  5*  1
.(P)"2$ " 5# 
Z 01 5"    /  H"   5 6 #+ 5"   ;  N
.(Q) 6,   ,-! @  ,-*  K#
:(T) +   0$ ;  3- , '  /
:2 9 : – 

.(y !) %, F6 # :&   &  ()


.AS[8b <     '#, :$ # ()
.QT <   ,,. :# 5Z # ,  &  ()
.AMb < +, 2$ : $   ,  ()
APQ <  :;,  ()
8QS < &4. +, :;  2 1 &  ( )
.8Q8[8QS <  #4 ,-  &  ( )

2 +
O " J  + D 5*- K?"   / %- 56"" :N   
##  '++, 5" 01 %,"  +, 5*  %,$ /  J 

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


.(8)"#  
4 5     K ,. 31 "  6  %& J  01 ;  
$ ,  %= (2)  0    ,. '  0 #     E 3 
.(A)@?  H"  0 # V  /3  " K !> (5/ )
:2 $  4  – ;
2= '##  ', +, %  0$ 6 " ,! =   01 ;  
E " *6 4  0*    . !  # X 5*6  %,,  '++, 01 '
01 ;#  5"  5* +,  &   ,  %,"  '++, _ # 01
(/ @?  H"  J/ ;  H"  %& / 0 #  %,"  '++, 5"
.(L)F,. 4 5 1 , 6
&4.  6   & " +"  N /1 J  ,  F/ J/ 5= 01
$ J,X ; !+ 5*6 D  %,"   6  01 ##   6   
.(M)", '+,  # 6 0$ 5-.  5, 3 54 %," a I
  , $ 4#4 4 a J/" :G #  ,^  ,,- /3 && # 5*
56"  /  $  ',"  '+*6  '  01   # X ,  O! ,,H
: ?! I (P)" 6 '++, 01 '##  K #  O= 5*  3 $ 6 K # 3
',"  $  6   4    ( V# +  V 5      "
.(Q)"'#  * &4 ' 6  
%-  %,$ 2  ,"  5"  01 ;#  5"   5* + " ;  N
##  +, 5 6 # ,! ?  O H F " 01 O "  ,#  +, 5&  ",
; , 3 y, ? %,"  +, '! ;4  5 6 #   @  , = ?
0 #   +, N,1 ,6    0  N.  -. 0 G /   ,1
,! 2= 5 / 5=   3  ** + H" + /1 H"  0 #  N. **

8QA <  #4 ,-  ()


APQ <  : ;,  ()
.8QA[8Q8 <  #4 ,-  &  ()
.AAA – AA8 <  6 <-  * :J  ,  ()
.MA < F6 2? :&& # ()
.MQ <  #4 "  ( )

 /  3$ =6  -. +,   -   ##  +, (H
,! *  )6  &4 ;4 %-  5= .  %"   ,* <-  )6

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.(8)"3- 0$ 5+, #+ /  F6- ##  +, =,
I  J + ,"  '++,     !* + ;  ,*  ,!
.(A)G* ? -. %,   -.
+, 5" 01 %,"  +, 5* 0$ O-* ; '++, 5*  ;  /
  +,  - ," )6  36 '##   2  ,! 5 ;6  ## 
  3 %= =  /3 2,! +,    KH"  J ?    H    
 J ? N 01 +, '*  3 "" 0 6 ;  F   5 6 #  "!/"
. 
-  F     0 6 "K " ?
O = G#  H  J ?  
 2?& 5  -  H =?=  3 +, '" ,* "K6"   J/ 23 ?
0 6 5 6 # "  "   "4 V 01 ;  5H    6 01 F  
.(L)0 6  )6  '++, '    %3     2@ /
(M)
:  $ 0$  "5 6 #+ 5"  " 3&  /  =,  N
 ,! %6 #+ F # (  ,   3   !?6 5+, 5" 5*  – 8
# X $ 0$ 5, &4   6 # ,!  % X $ $ D,   1" : * " "
/
4  (/
 F
*= 6 /    %, 3 J/   \# (/   .OH" +
O  6 #
.(P)" ?  
 =  Z 0 6 01  6  '*    '   =  , %& /
,   6    = ' N , 01 5*   2#" KH" K # J/  
.(Q)0 6  5* + (,* 

.8QS < &4. +, ;  2 1 ()


.8QM <  #4 ,-  &  ()
.8QQ[8QL <  #4 ,-  &  ()
< =,  '#, K   6   HH6 , $ .8Ub[8UL <     , :  &  ()
,   Pb[PU < (    6  :F  , $   PL[PA <  *  2$ AUQ AUP
)$ , 88T <  "6  #,   :5   .,6   QT <  ,,. :# 5Z #
.8L8[8AQ < (   5 $ :,    , $ ,  UL[Tb < *  & #, +, 2$ :,
.8UL <     , :  ()
.AQS <  :;,  &  ( )

,-     #  # % X $ ""H G $ :J/ =   
.(8)** $ V ; 6  F! ** ,  # 5" %, 

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KH"  0 6  5*    /" %#. V :5* D '   J/
.%  a " 4- 5/  #4 5/  (A)V! =  2#"
!   ",X  # " E - '   /  =  @  I - ,!
, %6 # 5  "0 6  ,  ,X  #  5  5 1" :V  / '
2,! ,#" ; :,X '6 #+ /   .. #  / , 6    = 5.
.(L)"3 2   # ,  5 "
$ ,  ; ' $ 0$ , K #.  01 J/ ;,  
 36 G/ ;#X  # ;  0$ , &4. 5 6 #  O= 5, 
.(M))6
 6    0$ , 6 %6 #+  Z O$ " J     N
<-    0$ , $  = 3 ;#X V  %6 #+  "
.(P)"
'- r,  , 5 * # % $  " :3 =  J/ 0$   5= 
O3   .  6  KI,  O3  J   ;#X ,"  3 :5* O
.(Q)"'-  " '4-  G/  
 ,   3   @ !?6 +, 5" 5*  3  = V   
2  6  ,! "F  " Bureau " " :?
O !   4 #  (5#  H" )
 , (/      -   $ F  # X 1 ;" (/ F  
Z V  O    3   ,   3  J  ;  E   5 $.
 4 / 0$ 5 $. 3 ,    .  %,$  $ F  (/ F  
 / , *$ 5" 01    3 1 5!  2  /  )6  36  

.8TS <     , :  &  ()


.APb <  :;,  &  ()
.TT[TQ < ,H      " +, 2$ :@  ()
.AQ8 <  :;,  &  ()
.8TS <     ,   ()
.8TS <  #4 "  ( )

$ _ 2 )6 /.(8)"5#  H"  I6  H"   V  J/ #4  #4 
.;  2  )$  

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


:/ 5* +  V  / 0$ = .  
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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


O     K 6 K+^  @ ,  '   )6 0$  5 ' 
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.8SL < F6 , $  +, :," 2 , $ ( )
 
 %, "3 01      (     , + :O =
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.(8)" "3    %, "3  I, "
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.AS8 <  6 '"3  ;  2 1 ()
 
,! (Fi#)     I&  I&  , '-  01 ,6  J/
K" 2= V"   6 3&4   (F ) ' - 0  '"3  "3  '

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.(8)&4 J    ,$ "F "   4   6  #  2"6  6 "
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/ 36 %,,6 '++,  6  &4.  =   @  )!  3 4 +
.(8)"J   / F # $ &  I- J/ I? 36  H" -

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O  O,  &4 ,  , &4 J   > ;   ,  = ( 0$"
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= 5! 2   2@ ;     !   (ASQ[) F !   6
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@:   =
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/  01 F/ 236  K ,*   (8)&4 J    O$ ,   ;  N
-- (/ 564 ,,-   # ' = ,! &4 J    O$ +1 '# %&

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.(A)"J    V " :5* D ( / "H "    ,,w
    , " :5* (/ (MPU[) %,#   5= 236   D
.(L)" +
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.LUT/8 H  : # ()
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 #+  5*  / 0$ = . F!  " O?!  0$ # 5Z  
01 2  a "  5*   J    =   +  ,  0 6  6   /

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+   , G  5. 0 6  F! $, #  KH3 #+ 23  6 K, 5^4 
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J/ 5  6  <-   <  , 2,6  !* + , " 3 -
01 F#  E- /> &4. +,  O* O 5= D   G# 3 ,*

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.(8)"&4 / 5=    E- ,* +, 23    5"+
J     J    5 6 01 I      ;  N
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.,6   ASU <  6 '"3  :;  2 1 &  ()
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.K3  3 # J/ K, 01 " 6 F-   5*6   0$  23  5*6   '  /1 5*6
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.ASb <  6 '"3  :;  2 1 ()
 
3   @ !?$ 0$ 2* (/ 5#  H"   /1  5 6 #+ I& 01
.(8)",  !?$   

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


 O= =  , "" :?
O ! 5 6 /3 ;  #4 0$ # 5Z G6
D  / 56 ..- 4- F   @ 01 KH3 #+ 23  5 6 #4   ,,.
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',3   $ "+ I& . tN % 23  5 6 O6 #4 %   5 6
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5 $ F #  ,!   5 $ F # O&4 ,   ,! /1 # X ;4  O*=
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.8QU <   ,,. :# 5Z # ,  &  ( )
 
C  "# +$ = *B :'%%
  -. 0 6  . ,  01 (,^ ,! " :5 6 /  ;  2 1 N

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


/  ,!  6 ,,      H   6 ,,  2= ,, @ O $ 
 "3   6 <-  %,   ,"  / 0$ F    , *
J/ 0$ 5=  .(8)N "3    /  (/ 5 , < 5 '"3
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v "3   6 
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.A8A < : #4 ,-  ()
 
,  (A) $   ,  (8)
F*6 , 5  =,   ,,$ J/  6  
,,.  4  " D # 5Z # ,   (M), )$ ,4 (L)$ 26

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


, 2- K* 3 J/ 2 I   0 6  <- #4     
.(P)= @ g- ;6#$
 6 0$ I ! /1" :* 5 6 / 01 F6 0 ,* K 6 ,!
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 6  5- :5  2-  3  3   2-  5 . 2- 3  2-
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,*" :?
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3& /1  3  !?$ + -  ',  ,! ) . $  6   (")   0 6 
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O  '*  ,! ,# $  6   " 
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.(U)",,. )6 

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.MSM/8 H  : # ( )
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.LQA <  *  '#, :E-  - ()
 
5  $   '# +  N (/ @  F/  ;4 O F/  
J/ (,^ G#  3    3 6   ,! '  3& 01 (,^ +,  -

All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


.(8),,.    , 0$ G  # " V- 2,- 01
," 2 N 5 $ 01 3   ,  %& F6  K $ )6 "  
- F # " , ! &4. * ,* - F #. :3  ;  , $ O/ 3
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 1 '  5" '"  ?
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  6  3 /  6  Giese , $ 3 "5""   J/ +
O = 0 $
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2&$   ,  6 3 $ %,   ,  X / 0$  6

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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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All Rights Reserved - Library of University of Jordan - Center of Thesis Deposit


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.TcfV 6  6+ ++4 6SR 61  )  6= 6A (T`a
.Tce` 6, 6/&  6R. 6& KB;  -,. 6  6A (T`V
 :9, 6 * 6R. 6 3, ($SfV)  ( =   #& 0)  (T`e
? $ $( $ 68$+  4$" ' P # 6 9  
.TcWc 6, 6)8+
6*  6  (T`W
.TcfV 6 P –  6R. 6 &    G  * -
.TccW 6 6  # , & 6TR 6)& + * -
)   6TR 6   +   6)& 1  !  6  = 6  (T`f
.Tccf 6#  6)
 

$, $    +   ). &  *  6   6  (T`c


.Tcf` 6 + @ 9" 6  6TR 6)
.- 0 - #0 * ( 6 + 6)= (TaU
61  6) = (TaT

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'R; " " 6TR 6?  )& O ' 9R  6)&  ). -
.Tcee 6; 6 G 0 ) )
.Tcea 6  6;&  6TR 6-  , )&  ). -
$" )$ )$ $ 6SR 6   +  ).  .  +  -
.TcfV 6; 6N= 
)$+0 !   +P  +P 61   6)+ R *8+  61 + (TaS
.TcWW 6#  6  &   6R. 6 P , ).
.. 6  &   6R. 67, ). R" -
.Tcfc 6#  6  &   6R. 6+ N  -

6* ( 6'R; (Ta`


.TcVc 6, 6"  /E  &R 6R. 6  ( @
6==&  6R (Taa
6$R 6$  6  1R  6R. 6F3    6 -,.  * -
.TcfV
.TcfW 6R 6  6  1R  6TR 61  , ). -
6$" $ R  ,   6R. 6:    +    3 ). &  -
.Tcee 6,
6$, 6"  R )&   6R. 6R  !+ *( ).   -
.TceW
 6-& -=   7, ).  ). = 6* ( *&  6)&R (TaV
.TcfV 6, 6
6  6 &   " 6R. 61   ! ;0 6) * 0 (Tae
.TcW`
 

$+ /$,: 6($VUT)  6(),; )  /   K 0) )  (TaW
6$, 68+  4" ' P # 6R ==&  :9, 6 F,
.Tcee
 6TR 6O  ). ? 6& ). '& * '(  , 6+ 6b8 (Taf

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.Tcc` 6 P –  6
6 $+ 6/& E"  6R. 6 !,&   6'R; 6  (Tac
.TcWa
6     6  (TVU
.TccW 6  6TR 69R   * 7, ). /  @
.TccW 6  6TR 69R   * 7, ). 3 (TVT
6 $ * $+ b$; *$&  5 B;( +  6) ) 6'+  (TVS
.TcW` 6 &  R
6  6'+  (TV`
$& $" 6R. 6)$&    ; ). ?0 :& y ). -
.TcWe 6 6 P
$& $++4 6TR 6?  1   O  3 ). )&   -
.TcfU 6 P –  6" +  
 6($$WTT)  (   *     ! !3 )P)    (TVa
.TcVe 6  6"  R    6"  R  ;
6 P – $ 61 G   6TR 6& 3  -,. ). 6F+ 6) 0 (TVV
.TcfW
61  ) 6/; (TVe
.TcVW 6, 6; 3  6R. 6   3  -
 )" 4 ). ,0 )  3   :  ). :  G -
.TcVW 6; 6/&  6R. 6  &
 6TR 6 $&, $   /; ). .;   6R 6 (TVW
.Tcca 6 P –  6"
6$, 6)$&   NR 6 R -E" )& *& 6+ 6; (TVf
.TcVe
 

6TR 6*$& ).& #+E    P  '&  3 69R 6& (TVc
.Tcca 6, 6+ 
$.,:  = 6)$ $ $  ;  +   6 &+ *+ 6)& (TeU
.TcfU 6  6" "  6*8

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6*8$  = 6$   6R. 6 *  6 6  6  (TeT
.TcWe 6 
$ + :9, 6?  Q .($SSa)  (*8+  X  0) 1  (TeS
/$& $B # &R 6  7   6+ )  :&  /"
.TceW 6al 6:&
6). (Te`
.Tcaa 6, ; 3  6SR . * -
$ $; 6$+ $ ;      +  6 -,. -
.Tcaa 6; 3  6TR 6&
.TcVT 6, &  (  6SR 6N  -
  6SR 6 P  ). R; *& 6! 6#  61  6 (Tea
.Tcfa 6  –
.Tcfa 6 + 6& .&  6 ). ?0 6+ 0 6  (TeV
.Tcfc 6 + 6& .&  6)  KB; ). )G  #  -
– $ 6$8 *$&  6TR 6& KB;  -,. 6N  !0 ,& (Tee
.TcfS 6 
& .&  6+  K ;  *  -,. 6+  6  (TeW
.Tcc` 6R. 6 +
 6('R" ) "B 6  69=P  !B+ 7, ) = -
.TcWT 6; 6/&
($$`VT) 1  +  )    R )P 6 & *8 ). 3P -
.Tce` 69" 6)& )& N  R 6+ = :9,
 

:  
M 6 $;  6-  -  1  '& 6(TcfT) 6  b8;  6 @T
.(TWa@T`c) K 6  & 6(T) # (T)
$ 6'$; &  ). .   NR !  6(TcWa) 6*./ 6 @S

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.  ! ! . 6(`) * 6(T) M 6  
$& $ N$ $ 6- = 1 4 N 6(TcfV) 6* 7  6)  @`
. = 6(S) A 6(`W) M 6) P
.K 6(T) * 6( ) M 6) &  N  6/  6(Tc`a) ) 6* @a
* 6a l 69" 6&  N  6&  ). = 6(TcWa) 69" 61 @V
.6aW
$ N$ $ 6aSl 6-8"  ). 6(TcWf) 6  * 0 61  @e
.TW`@TVV K 6, ). &
6(TcWa) 6* 6+ @W
6)$& +  6) 1 ,   !& b R( 1  B , -
.(e`@Sa) K Tl 6TT*
K 6(TTa) M 6  6+  1 0  '; & ).  3 -
.(Tcf`@TcfS) –  = 6TU + 6Tcee (TUc@TUS)
.K 6+ 6* 6M 6&  +  6n+0 &  /;   ( -
* 6(SWc@SWW) M 6!;  6 G   ). 6(SUUU) 6+ 6+ @f
.K 6Sa
6TS * 6)$ & )& N  6/  A "G 6(TceV) ),  6* @c
.Vc@VU 6K
?0  6)& P  l5 ' ,R   B+ 6+ 6+ @TU
1 $ ! O .K 6+ .(W) * 6(S) M 6(  C ++) A 
.K 6Te M 6;+ 7  6Tcff 6) P , ).
.  6 . (TVf) M 6  3 6(TcWU) 6+ 6 @TT
A$+ $  3 ). &  '&  !  6TccV 6X  6 @TS
.TTce@TTfV K 6SS * 6(`) M 6+ * & +   6);
.K 6, 6Sl 6) &  N  6Tc`V 6 3P 6 ; 6). @T`
6  0 6  @Ta
 

.Tcfc 6`e M 6) P &  N  6)G   R G  ). -
* 6(SU) M 6$ *  6?  ;& ). '; & )G  #   -
.K 6Tcfc 6(Tf)
M 6$.,: $  61  b8R;G & + 6*8+  61 + @TV

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.K 6TcfT 6#  6(TW@Te)
$ N$ $ 6)&  R+0 9R 6   6)  * ( 6   @Te
.K 6TcV` 6Wl 6, 6&
)$. &  N   (TV) = ). " 6 N ). 61  N -
.Tce` + 6,
7 $ 6$G  * #.  0 6). * 61  6* !  6 == @TW
.K 6TcfV 6(TS) M 6;+
.K 6(e@T) M 6*8P  6  ). G   R 6(TcWT) 6 6  @Tf
 

:.! =* 
$ R0 6KB$;  !8  )   G  6(Tcce) 6+ 6gRP @T
.B = 6!  X  / "( 6 ) & 6+
$, ' )& 1 , ?  ). '&  *  6(Tcfc) 6 61 &  @S

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* $& C $ & 6    R0 6   . 6/ "( 61 N+
.  & 6+
$+ ). 3 "   )G  ? (SUUT) 6*  ! = . 6 @`
. !7 & 6+ + 6* 7, 
$0 / $"( 6#. G  #, ). )G  #  6Tccc 61. b+ 6 " @a
.  & 6+  R0 6  
.B = & 6   + 6u; G 6(Tcfe) 6+ 0 6/" @V
# $+ $, $ ' Q8   = ,, 6TccW 6 + 6 " @e
.  & 6 = b8; .0 6); *; .0 6/ "( 6+  R0 61
6:  +   !8  )& G  *   %& 6TccU 6 6 ; @W
.B = 6*8 1   /R . / "( 6   +
6)$& $G  * ). +  '&  !  6(TccV) F; &+0 1  6  @f
. P –  6 P & 6'+   .0 / "(
$   $ ,  $3 )$. ).  1   F8 6(Tcfc) 6#. 6'+ @c
6#$" $ $& 6 $  3 / "( 6; 6   + 6 
.,
G ;0 &  ).    6Tcfe 6  0  6+ @TU
$& 6$ 0 ! . / "( 6+  R0 6;  G  ,
.A 
 R0 6  !8  &    R +  6Tcf` 6  6# @TT
.1  + 1" . / "( 6+
=$ )$. +  ) 6= ,,     6Tcc` 6 0 + 6/ & @TS
.9" & 6    R0 (1  ) +P
$ '$3,  ) 1 ,  6SUUU 6*"  ! 6 @T`
. P –  6 P & 6+ + 69R
 

: +!  


$ N$   : = ). " #0 * (    ? ():8: 0) -
.TfT@TW` K 6TcVV + , ). &
N$ $  "& # + = ). " #0 * (     ; ( 0) -

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.TU@W K 6*TcWU – $T`cU + 6, ). & 
$;  $3 ? $ ). " #0 * (    ? (1  ; ) -
K 6*TcWe – $$T`ce + &P     , ). &  N
.   * (  ( ' /"0 .SWV@SVe
N   : = ). " #0 * (    ? ( 0 ). !G ) -
.`TV@`UW K 6*TcVV + , ). & 
$;  3 ?  ). " #0 * (    5 ( P C *+ ) -
.SV`@SVT K 6*Tce`@TceS + , ). &  N
 3 ?  ). " #0 * (    5 ( P +0  9,"G ) -
K 6Tce`@TceS + "& &+   , ). &  N ;
.S`c@S`W
$&  N   ): = ). " ).  ;    ? ( 3P ) -
.*Tc`V – $T`Va + 6, ). )
): = ). " #0 * (     ; (*8+ ( ) *8+ ( )0) -
.T`@W K .TcW` – T`c` + 6, ). &  N   :8:
  ):  ). " #0 * (    ? (& /  9," ). ?) -
.TTe@TUS K 6*Tcaa + 6, 6! P 9 . & 6 C 
" #0 * (    ? (1= &" ). ., )& &" ). ., ) -
– $$T`ceS + 6, ). &  N   "& N+ = ).
.W`@VW K /TcWS
$;  3 ?  ). " #0 * (    ? (+  !;E) -
@SaS 6TcWU – Tcec $+ 6:8: + +   , ). &  N
.Sec
$ " 1  = ). " 6* (    ? (&  ).   R) -
.TWS@TeV K 6*TcVc – $T`Wc + , ). &  N 


 " ?: = ). " 6#0 * (    ? (&  ). u; &) -
.TcV@TVc 6TceT + , ). &  N 
? $ 3 " #0 * (    5 ( = *  /  ;0 * ) -
$+ 6$:8: $    , ). &  N 6;  3

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.TcW@TcV K 6*TceV@Tcea
=$ )$. $" #0 * (    ? ( ; +   ). &  ) -
6*Tce` – $$T`f` $+ 6$, )$. &  N   " #
.aW@aTK
$+ $, )$. &  N 4 ). ? 5 ),0 (!&. ; ). +  ) -
N$ $ $ :8: N+   ?: = ). " (Tcea@Tce`)
)$. N$   " : = ). " /Tcea + 9" ). )& )&
.ff@fT K 6TceV + ,
N   "& N+ = ). " #0 * (     ; (+ ) -
.TU@W K 6*TcWT – $T`cU + , ). & 
$ 6*./  $+.  ? 6('; &  ). .   NR ! ) -
$+ ! P $& 6?$:  6    ). "   ! !    
.*TcWa – $T`ca
 $3 ?  ). " #0 * (    ? ( u; %& ). +  ) -
$ R 6*TceV – $T`fV +  ). 1 & Q :8: :   4
$"& ): = ). n30 " *Tcee – $T`fe + ) & )& N
.TUa@fW K 6*TceW – $T`fW + , ). &  N  
$ $  :8: ?: = ). " '+0 * (     ; ( +. ) -
.TS@W K 6*TcWa – $T`ca + , ). &
$"& : = ). " #0     ; (1  ? ).     ) -
.*TcWT – $T`cT + 6, ). &  N  
$  "& = ). " #60 * (    ? (  ):8: *+G u;) -
.*TcfV + , ). &  N
). " #0 * (     ; (kQ !: 8&k. 3w !: 8&w. N ;) -
– $$T`cV $+ $, )$. &  N   :8: # =
.TV@W K 6*TcWV


 $3 ?  ). " #0 * (    ? (7, !;  _  ' ) -


. TceS – *TceT + , ). &  N ;
 :8: = ). " 6#0 * (     ; (    ; '( ) -
.T`@W K 6*TcWS – $T`cS + , ). &  N 

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)$: = ). " 1    * 0    ? ("T" -8"  ).) -
.*TcWf – $T`cf + 6, ). &  N   &P
 "& # = ). " #0 * (     ; ()&  ).) -
.TU@W K 6*Tcec – $T`fc + , ). &  N 
$ ?$: = ). " #0 * (    ? (!‚&. ; /1  #, ).) -
6*Tcea – $$T`fa + 9" ). )& )& N  :8: N+ 
$T`fa + , ). &  N   " : = ). n30 "
.*TceV –
 $3 ? $ )$. " 6#0 * (    5 ( M 3  ).) -
6*TceV – Tcea $+ :8:     , ). &  N ;
.SU`@SUS K
!,$+ )$. #$0 * (     ) ().  0    !,+ ). ) -
$"  6, ). &  N  3&  + ).  0   
$+ 6$, )$. $&  N   :8: ): = ).  5
.TVf@TVa K 6*TcW` – $T`c`
$ &P   ! P = ). " 6#0 * (    ? ( ) -
.TeU@TV` K 6*TceV – $T`fa + 9" ). )& )& N
:8: N  = ). " #60 * (     ; 6(M  5 ). +  ) -
.Ta@W K 6*TcWa – $T`ca + , ). &  N  
$" # = ). " 6   * (    ? ( N ). 1  N ) -
.TSa@TTV K 6*Tce` – $T`fS + 6, ). &  N  
  "& N+ = ). " # *     ; (1  R+) -
.*TcWS@$T`cS + , ). -&  N
  "& N  = ). " #0 * (     ; ()& FR; ) -
.TU@W K 6*Tcec – $T`ff 6+ , ). &  N


"& ?: = ). " #0 * (     ; () P 0 *&) -
.*Tcef – $T`ff + , ). &  N  
? $ )$. $" #$0 * $(   $ ? ( 3  : :E ! , '&) -
Tcee + 6:8: ::   , ). &  N ;  3

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.TSV@TTe K 6*TceW –
:8: 1  = ). " #0 * (     ; (B8 6AB8 6A8 6A) -
.Ta@W K 6*TcW` = $T`c` + , ). &  N  
N$+ = ). "    )  * (    ? ()&  R+0 9R) -
.*TcV` + 6, ). &  N  
  ): & " #0 * (    ? (1  ? ). ; O) -
.Tcec 6! 0   6 P & ). C    ! P
" #0 * (    ? (&     5 );    ) -
K 6*TcW` – $$T`cS $+ )& +  "&   ! P = ).
.STT@SUW


$"& N  = ). " #0 * (    ? (   &  !) -
.`fV@`WV K 6*Tcec – $T`ff + , ). &  N  
N$  6"& = ). " 6#0 * (    ? 6 ).  ;P ) -
.TcVf 6, ). & 

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$"& N  = ). " #0 * (    ? (   &  !) -
.`fV@`WV K 6*Tcec – $T`ff + , ). &  N  
N$  6"& = ). " 6#0 * (    ? 6 ).  ;P ) -
.TcVf 6, ). & 

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IBRAEEM ANEES
HIS SYNTAX AND MEANING OPINIONS
BY
EFTEKAR MUHAMMAD ALI AL_RAMAMNEH

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DR. ABD_ALLAH ANBAR

Abstract
Ibraheem Anees presented in his works and researches for the levels
of syntax , lingual and meaning . And I decided to present his wroks in two
fields : meaning & syntax , that is because he got the Country
Encouragement Prize in Egypt in 1958 for his book ( Dlalat Al-Alfath )
which was considered by many literary men a valuable book ,and you can
not find a book writen after it in the same field without depending or
refering to it .And his opinoin in syntax field that analysing the sentence is
just a created story by grammarians.
This study is depending on the recent lingual theories to put Anees in
these two levels in the suitable position .
This study is trying to watch the agreement and the difference
between Anees opinion and the ercent lingual opinions to these two fields
through the civilisation and the tradition passing.
The study depinding on indicating to the origin of opinions of Anees
that he wrote them in his studying to the two fields and the his trying to
find the traditions manuscript which Anees depended on them to direct the
lingual phenomenon.
This study is a trying to watch the fundamental principle in studying
the two levels :syntax and meaning to show the relation between them ,and
to discover their functions in establishing the linguistic system .

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