CLAUSES OF CONTRAST AND PURPOSE

1. CLAUSES OF CONTRAST
a. Rule 1:
Although (encara que), though (però), even though (encara que) + a clause (express a big or surprising
contrast)
o Although and even though can go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
o Though (more informal) can only go in the middle of a sentence.

b. Rule 2:
In spite of (malgrat) or despite (malgrat) + a noun / a verb in the -ing form / the fact that + subject + verb

2. Clauses of purpose
a. Rule 1:
To (per a), in order to (per tal de), so as to (per) + infinitive if the purpose is expressed with a verb

b. Rule 2:
For (per) + a noun if the purpose is expressed with a noun
For (per) + gerund to describe the exact purpose of a thing (what for?)

c. Rule 3:
So that (per a/per a que) + new subject in the clause + modal

d. Rule 4:
The most common way of expressing purpose is “to + infinitive”. But can’t be used to express a negative
purpose (we need “so as not” or “in order not to”).