THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

The technology of vehicles has advanced rapidly in the last few years, particularly in
the areas of sensors and braking systems. For a car to be able to stop, it needs a braking
system. Brakes are fitted to the wheels, which are used to slow down or stop the car.

Brakes are an essential component of any vehicle, as everyone knows. A car or any
other type of vehicle that is moving can be stopped by applying the brakes. Its unique
characteristic makes it one of an automobile's most important components. Brakes are a
necessity for vehicles to function. Every automotive industry must place a high priority on
the upkeep and care of its brakes because they are essential to a vehicle's safety.

The brake master cylinder is a vital component in a vehicle's braking system,

responsible for converting the force of the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure that activates
the brake calipers. Without a properly functioning brake master cylinder, a vehicle's braking
power and responsiveness can be significantly reduced, putting the safety of the driver and
passengers at risk. The brake master cylinder is a device that converts the brake pedal's force
into hydraulic pressure used to activate the brake calipers. The brake master cylinder is
typically located near the brake pedal and is connected to the brake pedal through a push rod.
When the brake pedal is pressed, the push rod pushes the piston inside the brake master
cylinder, forcing brake fluid through the brake lines and into the brake calipers. The brake
calipers press the brake pads against the rotors, which slows down the rotation of the wheels
and stops the vehicle. Inside the brake master cylinder are two separate chambers, one for the
front and the other for the rear. When the brake pedal is depressed, both chambers are
pressurized simultaneously, allowing the brake system to function as a whole.

The brake master cylinder also has a reservoir that holds brake fluid, which is
necessary for the system to work. When the brake pedal is depressed, the brake fluid is forced
out of the reservoir and into the brake lines, pressuring the brake calipers. As the brake pads
press against the rotors, the brake fluid is forced back into the brake master cylinder's
reservoir, completing the cycle. (Hawley, 2023).Brake bleeding is defined as the process
performed in a hydraulic brake system to remove air bubbles from the brake lines (pipes and
hoses that contain brake fluid). This is necessary because brake fluid is an incompressible
liquid, but air bubbles are compressible gases, and the presence of air bubbles in the brake
system will significantly reduce the oil pressure that builds up in the system. If this is not
done properly, pressing the brake pedal will compress any remaining air in the system,
causing the pedal to feel "soft". To make matters worse, if there is more than the minimum
amount of air in the system, it can cause the brake pedal to be depressed to the point where it
no longer applies the brakes properly, creating a serious safety risk. This can lead to a car
accident.

Air in the brake system can make your brake pedal feel spongy and vague. You
should flush the fluid every two or three years, but in can be a moderately difficult DIY repair
(Allen & Schrader, 2020). Bleeding your brakes one of the most important maintenance
procedures on your car, and can be huge help if your brakes feel squishy. Contaminated, old
or aerated brake fluid an severely cut into your stopping power( Palmeri, 2018). If your
vehicle has squishly-feeling brakes, the way to get the air out of the lines is to bleed the
brakes. To do the job, you need either a brake bleeder wrench or a combination wrench that
fits the bleeder nozzle on your vehicle, a can of the proper fluid, a clean glass jar, and a friend
(Sclar, 2021).

Manually eliminating air bubbles from brake systems by pressing the pedal and
loosening the bleeder screw is labor-intensive and time-consuming, requiring coordination
between two people. Working beneath the chassis risk skin irritation from fluid leaks and
discomfort due to limited space. Monitoring the brake fluid reservoir is crucial to prevent re-
bleeding. To address these challenges, researchers developed an electronic bleeder pump
device, simplifying the process and eliminating the need for manual coordination. This
device, operated by one person, reduces the risk of skin irritation and minimize required
tools. It avoids the inconvenience of transporting the vehicle to a repair shop and eliminates
the use of slow bleed methods. This innovation has the potential to enhance the automotive
industry hydraulic braking systems, offering efficiency, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and
practically.

This study was carried out at the Automotive Shop of the Bachelor in Automotive
Technology Department, located at the College of Industrial Technology (CIT) of Mariano
Marcos State University (MMSU). This product primarily aims to construct a Electronic
bleeder pump for all types of vehicle, where Research and Development (R&D) Model
research design was utilized to describe and understand the acceptability of the device. In
addition, there were three steps involved in the manufacture and construction of the device:
planning, development, evaluation and analysis. Also, a survey questionnaire was used with a
chosen demographic in the college to conduct tests on the device's structural makeup,
operational/functional mode, and effectiveness. Analyzing the weighted mean was used to
deal with the data that was acquired from the respondents.

The general goal of this research is to make a Electronic bleeder pump for all types of
vehicle. Electronic bleeder pump is intended for two functions in one built. It comprises of
mini water pump to eliminate the need for bleeding by removing air from the lines. In order
to alleviate manpower constraints, this technology can potentially be used by a single person
to bleed the braking system and remove air from the system.These pumps are perfect for high
viscosity liquids and situations where sensitive solids may be present. This Electronic bleeder
pump is efficient, simple, low cost, and convenient.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to develop a Electronic Bleeder Pump for all types of vehicle.

Specifically, it was sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the tools, power tools/equipment, supplies and materials needed in the
development of a Electronic bleeder pump?

2. What is the construction process of the Electronic bleeder pump for all types of vehicle?

3. What is the level of acceptability of the device in terms of:

3.1. structural composition,

3.2. operational/functional capability; and

3.3. effectiveness?

Significance of the Study

This product solves the brake line bleed problem and helps you release trapped air in
the system more easily. Therefore, our products are useful and beneficial for the following
areas:
 Automotive industry. The results of this study will serve as baseline data to improve
brake bleed tools for technological advances.

How Automotive works. This study will facilitate mechanical work with the features
and functionality of the proposed tool.

College of Industrial Technology/Institution. This study will provide several eye-

openers in the creation and innovation of relevant teaching materials and the use of diverse
and appropriate strategies to improve teaching.

This study provides insight into brake system bleeding and problem identification.

It will also help you understand the importance of brake systems and bleeding.

This study will challenge researchers to broaden their perspective on the importance
of developing brake bleed tools.

Scope and Limitations

This study is limited to the construction of a Electronic bleeder pump for all types of
vehicle at Mariano Marcos State University College of Industrial Technology (MMSU-CIT),
Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, School Year 2023-2024, Second

The product has been limited to various potential nerfed to possible simplest form due
to limited time frame. The product could have been in the next level tech vibes, making it a
wireless interface that can be operated in the dashboard actuated with miniature DC (direct
current) motor in each brake bleeder and not going under the chassis to loosen the screw. It
could also have an added integrated pump that would make it fully automatic and lessen the
work.

Due to time and financial constraints, researchers found the most feasible product
that could be invented: a semi-automatic one-person brake bleeder.

Study participants were individuals who owned a specific car, sedan, and sport utility
vehicle (SUV) and had knowledge and experience with brake bleeding. The acceptability of
the device is based on its structural composition, performance/functionality; and efficiency.
Definitions of Terms

Semester. To further understand the study, the following terms are hereby defined
operationally Bleeder Valve. It refers to a device used to create a temporary opening in an
otherwise closed hydraulic brake system which facilitates the removal of air or another
substance from the system by way of pressure and density differences.

Mini Water Pump Machine. It uses centrifugal force that generated by high speed
rotated impeller to booster, transfer, lift or circulate liquids like water, oil, coolant etc.

Fluid Tank. Is a storage mechanism that can store up fluid.

Hose Clamp. It allows you to adjust, tighten, and loosen all sorts of different types of
hose clamps.

Alligator Clip. Is a plier-like spring tensioned metal clip with elongated, serrated
jaws that is used for creating a temporary electrical connection.

Automotive Wire. Is a designed to with stand the high temperatures and vibration
that are common in automotive applications.

Gate Valve, is a generally used to completely shut off fluid flow or, in the fully open
position, provide full flow in pipeline.

Hose. It is a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas.