CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

INTRODUCTION

Art, as defined by Oxford Languages, encompasses the expression of human

creative skill and imagination, often in visual forms like painting and sculpture, with

works intended primarily for their aesthetic or emotional impact. However, art extends

beyond visual representations, including literary works like poems, fiction, and

narratives, as well as music, architecture, dance, performance, and more. What sets art

apart is its origin in the human mind, serving as both a medium for self-expression and

a tool for influencing and creating a multitude of things.

Over countless generations, art has evolved from its origins in cave wall

drawings to its present-day diversity of forms and media. This transformation has

shaped our cultural heritage, reflecting the changing world and human creativity. In

recent years, art has undergone a dynamic transformation in tandem with technological

advancements, gradually transitioning from conventional techniques to embrace digital

mediums, including digital painting, photography, sculpture, and more. This meant that

humans have started to become dependent on the help of technology in order to

produce work faster.

In 1973, AI was introduced in the world of art when American computer scientist

Harold Cohen created the first-ever AI painting with AARON, the first ever computer

program that uses artificial intelligence to generate artworks (Vass, 2022). AI art or
artificial intelligence art is a program that generates art based on a set of rules created

by the programmer. AI has served as a friend to artists within the industry for numerous

decades, greatly enhancing their creative output and efficiency. Nevertheless, in recent

years, marked by the profound evolution of AI, the responsible and ethical application of

this technology has emerged as a pressing concern, casting a shadow on its impact

within the artistic community. It has also sparked ethical questions regarding art and the

role of technology within the creative process. (Clarke, 2022). This research seeks to

unravel the intricate integration of AI-generated art on the educational journey and

creative development of Arts and Design students of Dominican College of Sta. Rosa in

the school year 2023-2024. The exploration will not only contribute to the ongoing

discourse surrounding AI and art but will also offer insights into the evolving landscape

of creative education in a world where the boundaries between human and machine are

increasingly blurred.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to investigate “The Integration of AI-generated Art on the

Educational and Creative Journey of Selected Grade 11 and 12 Arts and Design

students at the Dominican College of Santa Rosa during the School Year 2023-2024”.

To provide relevant insights and data, the researchers will explore the following key

questions:

1. What impact does the integration of AI-generated art through the use of AI-art

generators have on the educational and creative development of Arts and Design

students?
 2. To what extent does the incorporation of AI-generated art influence the

educational and creative journey in terms of:

Educational Journey:

2.1 Educational Learning Experience

2.2 Conceptual Understanding

2.3 Skills Development

Creative Journey:

2.4 Design

2.5 Animation

2.6 Illustration

3. Is there a significant effect on the Educational and creative journey of Arts and

design students?

HYPOTHESES

Null: There is no significant effect on the Educational and creative journey of Arts and

Design students.

Alternative: There is a significant effect on the educational and creative journey of Arts

and Design students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research, The Integration of AI-generated Art on the Educational and

Creative Journey of Selected Grade 11 and 12 Arts and Design students at the

Dominican College of Santa Rosa during the School Year 2023-2024, aims to benefit

the following:

● Grade 11 & 12 Arts and Design Students. This study helps them find originality

in their art and enables them to infuse a piece of themselves into their work.

● Future Researchers. May this study serve as a guide and foundation for future

researchers in further exploring the integration of AI-generated art on the

educational and creative experiences of art students and to use it for ethical use.

● School Administrators. This study benefits school administrators helping them

gain a comprehensive understanding of potential challenges and opportunities

arising from the integration of AI in the curriculum. This knowledge enables

informed decision-making regarding curriculum adjustments, and the formulation

of policies that address the evolving needs of students in the digital age.

Ultimately, the study empowers administrators to proactively shape a learning

environment that effectively expresses the students' creative expression.

● Teachers. This study guides the teachers to potential challenges. It underscores

concerns about the impact of AI on traditional artistic processes, raising

questions about the authenticity and individuality of students' creative

expressions.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1: The framework of the Independent and Dependent Variables of the

study

The framework above illustrates how the AI-art generators may affect the

educational and creative journey of the Arts and Design Students in terms of their

learning experiences within an academic setting and their creative experiences as

artists.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This research aims to investigate The Integration of AI-generated Art on the

Educational and Creative Journey of Grade 11 and 12 Arts and Design students at the

Dominican College of Santa Rosa during the School Year 2023-2024. The study will

explore the effects of AI-generated art on Arts and Design students in regards to their
creativity, skill development, artistic identity, perception of artistic value, and career

prospect.

The selected demographic of the study will be Grade 11 and Grade 12 students

who are pursuing the Arts and Design course. The research will not investigate the

integration of AI-generated art on students in fields other than Arts and Design, as it

aims to specifically address the concerns and experiences of arts and design students.

It will also not delve into the societal implications of AI-generated art, such as its

influence on the art market or the general public's perception. The focus is limited to the

academic context.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

In this study, the essential terms are provided with the following conceptual and

operational definitions.

AI/Artificial Intelligence

- Conceptually, this refers to the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot

to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. In the context of

this study, AI specifically pertains to the technology used to generate art through

algorithms and machine processes.

- Operationally, AI refers to computer systems or algorithms designed to create art

through rule-based programming and machine processes, contributing to the

generation of artworks.
AI-generated Art

- Conceptually, AI-generated art refers to artwork created through the utilization of

artificial intelligence, wherein algorithms and machines play a significant role in

the artistic process. This encompasses various forms of artistic expression,

including but not limited to visual arts, music, and literature.

- Operationally, AI-generated art is artwork produced with the assistance of

artificial intelligence, involving the use of algorithms and programmed rules to

generate creative outputs.

Arts and Design Students

- Conceptually, Arts and Design students are individuals pursuing education in

artistic and design-related fields, engaging in disciplines such as painting,

sculpture, graphic design, and other creative endeavors as part of their academic

pursuits.

- Operationally, Arts and Design students are individuals enrolled in the Arts and

Design course at the Dominican College of Sta. Rosa during the school year

2023-2024.
Creative Journey

- Conceptually, the voyage of artistic exploration, experimentation, and expression

undertaken by individuals navigating the terrain of imagination, inspiration, and

cultural discourse, propelled by curiosity, passion, and a relentless pursuit of

creative excellence.

- Operationally, the evolution and expression of artistic ideas, concepts, and visions

pursued by arts and design students as they explore various mediums, techniques, and

styles at the Dominican College of Sta. Rosa.

Educational Journey

- Conceptually, the transformative passage of arts and design students through a dynamic

landscape of intellectual inquiry, skill acquisition, personal growth, and professional

development, shaped by pedagogical guidance, peer collaboration, and reflective

practice.

- Operationally, the progression of learning experiences, including formal instruction,

practical training, creative exploration, and academic development, undertaken by arts

and design students throughout their enrollment at the Dominican College of Sta. Rosa.

Ethical Considerations

- Conceptually, Ethical Considerations in the context of AI-generated art involve

moral and ethical issues related to the use of AI in artistic creation. This includes

concerns such as plagiarism, copyright infringement, and the broader impact on

artistic integrity and originality.

 - Operationally, Ethical Considerations involve exploring students' awareness and

application of ethical principles in their use of AI-generated art, including

considerations related to originality, attribution, and fair use.

Perceived Ease of Use

- Conceptually, Perceived Ease of Use refers to individuals' subjective assessment

of how straightforward and user-friendly they perceive a particular technology or

system to be, such as AI-generated art tools.

- Operationally, Perceived Ease of Use is assessed through surveys and

interviews to gauge students' perceptions of the ease with which they can use AI-

generated art tools and technology.

Perceived Usefulness

- Conceptually, Perceived Usefulness pertains to individuals' subjective belief in

the beneficial aspects and value-added by a particular technology or system, as

applied to the creative processes and education in the context of AI-generated

art.

- Operationally, Perceived Usefulness is measured through surveys and interviews

to evaluate students' beliefs regarding the beneficial aspects and value-added by

AI-generated art in their creative processes and education.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter delves into the related literature and studies, both in local and

foreign, that supports this study. This serves as a thorough exploration of existing

literature and studies in order to build a strong theoretical foundation and contribute

meaningfully to the body of knowledge in the field of study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Impact of AI on the World of Illustration

 S. Shaffi's article, titled "'It's the opposite of art': why illustrators are furious about

AI," resonates closely with our research endeavor, their inquiries delve into the

transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the realm of art, specifically

addressing concerns and criticisms voiced by artists.

Shaffi's exploration of the unease among traditional illustrators aligns with our

research focus on understanding how AI-generated art may be perceived within an

academic context. The concerns raised by illustrators about AI potentially homogenizing

the artistic landscape and diminishing the unique qualities of hand-crafted art mirror the

broader apprehensions our study aims to uncover among arts and design students.

The interviews with illustrators in Shaffi's article, where they express fears about

AI lacking the soul and personal touch found in human-created art, provide valuable

insights. These sentiments parallel the questions our research seeks to answer about

the potential impact of AI on the authentic and individual creative expressions of

students pursuing arts and design education.

The dichotomy explored by Shaffi, highlighting the efficiency and convenience of

AI illustration tools versus the essence of art rooted in human creativity and emotions,

directly relates to the core questions of our research. The researchers aim to unravel

the intricate integration of AI-generated art on the educational and creative journey of

students, addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of AI

in the curriculum.
AI Blurring the Definition of Artist

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping the traditional definition of an

artist, challenging long-held perceptions of creativity and authorship. In a thought-

provoking article published by American Scientist in June 2019, the profound impact of

AI on the art world is explored. AI algorithms, often fueled by vast datasets of existing

artworks, are now capable of generating a wide array of art forms, from paintings to

music. These AI-generated creations possess the potential to be visually stunning or

acoustically enchanting, blurring the demarcation lines that have historically separated

human-made and machine-made art. Consequently, artists and aficionados of art find

themselves at a crossroads, grappling with fundamental questions about the very nature

of creativity, artistic intent, and the concept of originality in an age where machines

actively participate in the creative process.

The examination of AI's transformative influence on the definition of artists, as

depicted in the American Scientist article, closely intertwines with the research inquiry

into the implications of AI-generated art on the educational and creative journey of arts

and design students at Dominican College. Both sources grapple with the profound

changes brought about by AI in the artistic domain, challenging long-standing concepts

of creativity and the role of artists.

The shared theme revolves around the redefinition of traditional artist roles as AI

increasingly blurs the boundaries between human and machine-generated art. The
concerns raised in the article about the shifting image of artists being challenged by AI

resonate with the research's focus on understanding how AI affects the perceptions and

practices of arts and design students.

Moreover, both seek to address the broader integration of AI on the art

landscape. The article delves into copyright and ownership challenges arising from AI-

generated art, while the research study extends this exploration to the academic

environment, examining how these issues manifest among students.

The parallel discussions on the art market's response to AI-generated art,

including the growing interest and debates about its true artistic value, are key points of

intersection. The article's exploration of these dynamics aligns with the researcher's

goal of understanding the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the specific

context of arts and design education.

The Boundaries of Human-Machine Collaboration

The article written by Egon et. al. (2023) discusses the boundaries between

humans and machines as they become increasingly blurred when it comes to artistic

expression, challenging the traditional boundaries of creativity and opening new

opportunities for human-machine collaboration. As AI technology continues to meet

human expression, it will progressively impact and reshape the creative scene as it

evolves to become creative collaborators in generating new ideas in various art fields.

Despite significant challenges and ethical considerations, the conscientious and

deliberate incorporation of AI into art and creativity holds the potential to enhance,

broaden, and make the world of artistic creation more accessible.

Egon et al.'s (2023) article, exploring the blurring boundaries between humans

and machines in artistic expression, directly aligns with the focus of our research, the

investigations share a common ground in examining the transformative impact of

artificial intelligence (AI) on the traditional landscape of creativity, specifically within the

context of arts and design education.

The acknowledgment of AI becoming creative collaborators in generating new

ideas within various art fields is in line with our research goal of unraveling the

integration of AI-generated art on the educational journey and creative development of

students. Egon et al.'s emphasis on the progressive impact of AI on reshaping the

creative scene aligns with our exploration of how AI integration in the curriculum might

influence teaching methods, student engagement, and learning outcomes.

The mention of significant challenges and ethical considerations in incorporating

AI into art mirrors the concerns our research aims to address, particularly regarding the

ethical dimensions related to the use of AI in the creative process. Understanding these

challenges is crucial in evaluating the broader integration of AI on the educational and

creative journey of arts and design students.

 Furthermore, the shared optimism about the potential for AI to enhance and

broaden the world of artistic creation resonates with our research's objective of

identifying both challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the academic context.

The exploration of how AI can make artistic creation more accessible for students aligns

with our goal of understanding the evolving landscape of creative education in an era

where the boundaries between human and machine creativity are increasingly blurred.

Generative AI as a Threat

The rapid advancement of AI technology, particularly its capacity to generate art

and literary works, has prompted widespread discussions about its integration for the

creative industries. The primary concern revolves around the potential displacement of

human artists from their traditional roles, with ethical dilemmas and controversies

emerging in tandem.

In the article authored by Clarke (2022), he delved into the ethical dilemmas

associated with generative AI in art, shedding light on concerns raised by artists,

particularly regarding the infringement of intellectual property. Artists have expressed

outrage, perceiving the output of AI as a form of theft of their artistic trademark. Vincent

(2022) emphasized that the issue is compounded by the fact that generative AI models

are trained on vast datasets, including copyrighted materials sourced from diverse

domains. Despite legal challenges, the controversies surrounding AI persist, with

scholars like Ridler and Eckert (n.d.) pointing out AI's limitations in handling abstract

concepts, emotions, and memory.

 Based on this literature, it can be agreed that in an academic context, this puts

some students at a disadvantage, particularly art students who produce authentic

human art, in contrast to those who depend solely on AI-generated art. While Ai art

does capture the sense of awe amongst people, its increasing prevalence has given

rise to ethical concerns and authorization issues that warrant careful examination that

remains unsure whether it can be solved or not. Nevertheless, it's important to note that

human originality, emotion, and vision remain unique and invaluable, and AI is unlikely

to replace artists. Ciftci (2023) supports this idea by mentioning that AI-generated art

lacks emotional depth and authenticity that comes with human creativity.

AI-Art Stealing from Artists

AI’s role in art creation has raised questions about the nature of creativity and

authorship. Chayka (2023) discusses how AI algorithms, often trained on vast datasets

of existing artworks, can produce paintings, music, and other forms of art. These AI-

generated pieces may be visually or aurally appealing, blurring the lines between

human-made and machine-made art. As a result, artists and art enthusiasts are

grappling with fundamental questions about artistic intent, expression, and originality.

The article also touches on the potential impact on traditional artists. While AI-generated

art can be impressive, some artists worry that it devalues the human creative process.

They express concerns about originality and the commodification of art in the digital

age. There is a sense of unease about the market for AI-generated art and the

possibility of displacing human artists.

 The investigation into "AI-Art Stealing from Artists," as presented by Chayka

(2023), establishes a compelling parallel with the research study, "Integrations of AI-

Generated Art on the Educational and Creative Journey of Arts and Design Students of

Dominican College of Sta. Rosa S.Y. 2023-2024." Both inquiries intricately navigate the

multifaceted impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the realm of art, probing into shared

themes such as creativity, authorship, and the evolving boundary between human and

machine-generated art.

The alignment is particularly evident in the exploration of AI's influence on

traditional artistic landscapes. Chayka's study addresses concerns about the potential

devaluation of human creativity, raising questions about originality, while the research at

Dominican College extends this inquiry into the educational context. The unease

expressed by artists, as highlighted in both studies, serves as a common thread,

emphasizing the transformative nature of AI in the artistic process.

Moreover, both studies delve into the intricate dynamics of the art market in the

age of AI-generated art. The concerns about the market's response, debates on the

authenticity of AI-created works, and the overarching impact on the perceived value of

art are shared foci. This convergence illustrates a mutual interest in understanding how

AI disrupts established norms in the art world, affecting not only the creators but also

the reception and commercialization of art.

LOCAL LITERATURE

Artificial Intelligence in the Philippine Educational Context

The paper titled "Artificial Intelligence in the Philippine Educational Context:

Circumspection and Future Inquiries" by Carie Justine P. Estrellado and John Christian

Miranda presents a comprehensive exploration of the integration of artificial intelligence

(AI) into the Philippine educational system. The abstract sets the stage by emphasizing

the irreversible nature of AI's impact on education in the Philippines, sparking scholarly

discussions on the subject. The paper aims to address academic concerns, challenges,

and potential opportunities related to AI in education.

The researchers found that the shared emphasis on the irreversible impact of AI

on education sets a common tone. Both inquiries recognize the transformative nature of

AI in their respective contexts, whether it be in the broader educational landscape of the

Philippines or the specific domain of arts and design education at Dominican College.

The historical perspective on human intelligence's evolution, presented in the

paper, aligns with our research's broader exploration of the evolving landscape of

creative education. Understanding the foundational concepts of AI, such as algorithms

and machine learning, is crucial in both contexts to grasp the implications of this

technology.

The narrative's emphasis on the potential of AI to enhance learning experiences

by providing personalized content and adaptive pathways resonates with our

investigation. The studies acknowledge the importance of robust technological

infrastructure, considering factors like high-speed internet and computing resources,

which are fundamental in facilitating effective AI integration.

The shared concerns about data privacy and the digital divide reflect parallel

considerations in our study. As our research explores the integrations of AI on creative

development, the recognition of potential challenges and the need for equitable access

to technology are integral aspects that both studies address.

The acknowledgment of AI tools becoming integral in education, illustrated with

real-world examples, directly relates to our investigation into how AI-generated art

influences the creative journey of arts and design students. Both studies recognize the

dual nature of AI, acknowledging its positive contributions while also addressing

potential misuses.

Philippines - Artificial Intelligence: AI Art

The article titled "Philippines – Artificial Imagination: AI Art And Its Implications

On Copyright," authored by B. Adhikari and published on December 21, 2022, in

Conventus Law, provides an in-depth examination of the intricate relationship between

artificial intelligence (AI) and the realm of art within the context of copyright law in the

Philippines.

Adhikari's article explores how AI-generated artworks are challenging

conventional notions of authorship and creativity, thereby prompting a reconsideration

of the existing copyright framework. As AI becomes increasingly proficient at generating

original artworks, a fundamental question arises: Who should be considered the author

of AI-generated art, the human programmer or the AI system itself? This question leads

to a series of complex legal and philosophical inquiries regarding intellectual property

rights and copyright protection.

Adhikari's examination of how AI-generated artworks challenge traditional notions

of authorship aligns with our research's focus on unraveling the implications of AI-

generated art on the creative journey of arts and design students. The fundamental

question of determining the authorship of AI-generated art, whether the human

programmer or the AI system, resonates with our exploration of the evolving roles of

students and educators in the context of AI-integrated creative education.

The article's discussion on the legal challenges posed by AI-generated art within

the Philippines' legal landscape mirrors our consideration of ethical and legal

dimensions in the context of arts and design education. As AI blurs the lines between

human and machine creativity, our research aims to understand the implications for

copyright, intellectual property, and ethical considerations in the educational journey of

students.

The emphasis on the need for legal adaptations and refinements to address the

implications of AI in the art world aligns with our exploration of challenges and

opportunities presented by AI-generated art in education. The studies have the urge to
recognize the imperative for legal frameworks to evolve and adapt to accommodate the

transformative impact of AI on the creative and legal spheres.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

FOREIGN STUDIES

AI Generated Art in Artists’ Creative Process

Recent studies delved into the impact of AI art generators on various industries,

particularly within artistic roles. The emergence of artificial intelligence has enabled the

instantaneous generation of art, opening up new avenues for artists to approach their

work and express themselves creatively (Nguyen, 2023). The research highlights AI's

capability to automate laborious tasks, presenting it as a powerful tool in the art field for

exploring innovative means of expression and creative possibilities (Nguyen, 2023).

Although still in its early stages, AI in art holds considerable potential for the future.

The paper also addresses ethical concerns surrounding AI-generated art, citing

Kevin Roose's article, "A.I.-Generated Art Received a Prize. Artists Are Not Content"

(2022). The discourse revolves around ownership, authenticity, and originality, sparking

heated debates within the art community. Artists express concern not only about the

minimal effort required but also the use of AI models like DALL-E 2 and Midjourney,
which gather millions of images from the internet without proper acknowledgment or

payment to human artists.

Research indicates several benefits of AI in the industry, including reduced labor

and faster production, particularly in roles like animation and character design

(Yannakakis & Togelius, 2018). AI contributes to the creative process by assisting with

ideas and certain tasks. However, the researcher acknowledges drawbacks, noting that

AI-generated art lacks the depth and originality found in human touch (Zhao, 2019).

Nguyen's research acknowledges the transformative potential of AI in the art

field, emphasizing its role in automating tasks and opening up innovative avenues for

artistic expression. This aligns with our investigation into how AI-generated art may

influence the creative development of students, introducing them to new means of

expression and possibilities within the field of Arts and Design.

The ethical concerns surrounding AI-generated art, particularly issues of

ownership, authenticity, and acknowledgment of human artists, as highlighted in Kevin

Roose's article, parallel our consideration of ethical dimensions in the integration of AI in

creative education. Both studies recognize the heated debates within the art community

regarding the use of AI models and the potential impact on traditional notions of artistic

labor and recognition.

 The benefits of AI in the industry, such as reduced labor and faster production,

as noted by Yannakakis and Togelius (2018), are relevant to our research's exploration

of the challenges and opportunities presented by AI-generated art. Understanding how

AI contributes to the creative process, including assisting with ideas and certain tasks,

provides a nuanced perspective that enriches our understanding of the potential effects

on arts and design education.

The acknowledgment of drawbacks, particularly the perceived lack of depth and

originality in AI-generated art, aligns with our focus on unraveling the intricate

implications of AI on the creative development of students. Zhao's (2019) perspective

contributes to our understanding of the potential limitations and challenges that AI

integration may pose within the educational context.

Employing qualitative methods such as surveys and interviews, the researcher

gathered insights from artists and AI engineers. Survey results reveal the impact of AI

art generators on industries, while interviews highlight that AI mainly influences

fundamental aspects of the artist's creative process, focusing on ideas, drafts, and

concepts. In conclusion, while AI's development is inevitable, it cannot fully replace

humans in the creative process, echoing the historical pattern where computers

enhanced rather than replaced certain fields like mathematics.

AI as Art Educators

Traditional art teaching, with its focus on experience and integrity, often falls

short in larger classes, limiting the ability to create an artistic atmosphere. The one-on-

one format is considered more effective, but with a growing number of students, it

becomes impractical. Additionally, current AI technology lacks the maturity to fully meet

the demands of intelligent art teaching, leading to a gap between modern art teaching

concepts and the capabilities of AI-based teaching modes. (Kong, 2020).

Kong highlights the limitations of traditional methods in handling larger classes,

leading to a compromise in creating an optimal artistic atmosphere. This aligns with our

investigation into how AI-generated art may impact the educational experience,

particularly in addressing challenges related to class size and the individualized needs

of students.

Moreover, Kong notes the effectiveness of a one-on-one teaching format, which

becomes impractical with a growing number of students. In our research, we delve into

the potential of AI to fill this gap, exploring whether AI-based teaching modes can

provide a scalable solution to the challenges posed by larger class sizes. We aim to

investigate how AI, despite its current limitations, might offer innovative approaches to

individualized learning experiences in the arts and design education landscape.

The juxtaposition of traditional teaching concepts and the current capabilities of

AI in art instruction underscores the need to examine the evolving intersection of these
elements. As we explore the implications of AI-generated art, our research seeks to

uncover whether advancements in AI technology can bridge the gap and contribute to

reshaping the educational journey and creative development of Arts and Design

students at Dominican College of Sta. Rosa.

Human Originality in Artistic Works Using AI

In the 2021 paper "Copyright and Human Originality in Artistic Works Made Using

Artificial Intelligence" by P. Isohanni, the author delves into the intricate intersection of

copyright law and the concept of human originality in the context of artistic works

generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI).

The central focus of this study is to scrutinize the copyright implications arising

from AI-generated artworks and the role of human creativity and originality in the

creative process. The author acknowledges that as AI technologies become

increasingly sophisticated, they are capable of producing art that may be virtually

indistinguishable from human-created art. This raises complex legal questions

concerning authorship and copyright ownership.

The study focuses on the intricate copyright implications arising from AI-

generated art and the nuanced role of human creativity in the AI-driven creative

process. Isohanni acknowledges the growing sophistication of AI technologies, enabling

them to produce art that closely resembles human-created works. This prompts

complex legal inquiries into authorship and copyright ownership.

 The paper delves into the legal challenges associated with copyright in the realm

of AI-generated art, questioning whether these artworks can be granted copyright

protection. If so, the author investigates who should hold the copyright—whether it

should be attributed to the creator of the AI system, the user fine-tuning the AI's output,

or potentially even the AI system itself. Such questions challenge traditional notions of

originality and authorship in the field of art.

Isohanni's work critically examines recent legal cases and global discussions

regarding AI-generated art, exploring how different jurisdictions approach copyright

issues in this emerging domain. The study underscores the need for potential legal

reforms to address the unique challenges posed by AI art creation.

In relation to our research, Isohanni's exploration resonates with our aim to

unravel the implications of AI-generated art. Both studies contribute to the ongoing

discourse surrounding AI, creativity, and intellectual property, particularly within the

context of art education, shedding light on the evolving landscape shaped by

technological advancements.

Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Human Versus Artificial Intelligence Artworks

The study delves into the perceptions and attitudes of young individuals towards

Artificial Intelligence (AI) art, exploring their acceptance and understanding of artworks

created through AI technologies (Ting, Ling, Azam, & Palaniappan, 2023). This
research is conducted to gain insights into the capabilities and advancements of AI in

the realm of art. The introduction highlights that while AI has made significant strides in

various fields, there remains skepticism about its ability to excel in creative arts like

painting and literature.

The research conducted by Ting, Ling, Azam, & Palaniappan (2023), exploring

the perceptions and attitudes of young individuals towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) art,

aligns with our study., both studies share a common goal of gaining insights into the

capabilities and advancements of AI in the realm of art, addressing skepticism about

AI's proficiency in creative arts. Our research specifically focuses on the educational

and creative journey of arts and design students, while Ting et al. explore the broader

landscape of AI art reception among the younger generation.

The methodologies employed in both studies, including a comprehensive

literature review and the use of questionnaires, demonstrate a systematic approach to

understanding perceptions of AI-generated art. Ting et al.'s findings on the complexities

of human attitudes towards AI art, influenced by individual experiences and

preferences, align with our broader exploration of the impact of AI art on the educational

journey and creative development of students.

LOCAL STUDIES

AI in the Philippines

Artificial intelligence stands poised to revolutionize both our society and various

industries. The accelerating trend of technological singularity in AI is permeating every

aspect of human life, including education, medicine, business, engineering, arts, and

more. Both governmental bodies and private enterprises are deeply engaged in the

rapid integration of AI technology. While AI may replace some non-digital jobs involving

repetitive tasks, it also addresses labor shortages by aligning the workforce with the

demands of technology. The widespread adoption of AI is essential, necessitating a

shift in mindset among government and industry leaders. Ongoing research and

development hold promise for enhancing productivity on a global scale. Although the

Philippines is still catching up with the adoption of AI systems, it has the potential to

emerge as a global player by fortifying technology governance, strictly implementing

policies outlined in the PDP 2017-2022 and its HNRDA. (Bedruz et. al, 2020)

The ubiquitous influence of AI in various areas is acknowledged in this study

directly relates to our research, with Bedruz et al. emphasizing its significance in
education. Our study, which focuses on the creative and educational paths taken by

students studying arts and design, is in line with the larger conversation about the

incorporation of AI into many facets of human life, including higher education.

Bedruz et al.'s comments about AI taking over non-digital jobs, dealing with labor

shortages, and the need for leaders to change their mindsets are in line with our

research's concerns about AI-generated art potentially displacing human artists. The

difficulties presented by AI-generated art in our study are consistent with the demand

made on leaders in the government and business to adjust and strengthen technology

governance.

The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the Future of Education

In the article authored by Llego in 2022, the focus is placed on the profound

impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future of education. The author delves into the

various dimensions of this impact, shedding light on both the potential advantages and

challenges that come with the integration of AI in educational contexts.

One of the central themes explored in the article is the concept of personalized

learning. AI technologies are recognized as transformative tools that can adapt to

individual student needs and preferences. By analyzing a student's learning patterns

and abilities, AI can tailor educational content and pace, ensuring a more customized

and effective learning experience.

 Moreover, the article emphasizes the role of AI in providing real-time feedback to

students. Through intelligent algorithms, AI systems can assess student performance,

identify areas of improvement, and offer immediate guidance or additional resources.

This real-time feedback mechanism enhances the learning process by addressing gaps

and promoting a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

AI's influence on educators and administrative tasks is also discussed. AI-driven

platforms can streamline administrative work, reducing the burden on teachers and

allowing them to focus more on actual instruction. Additionally, AI can help educators in

creating and delivering content, making the teaching process more efficient and

effective. In the context of AI-generated art, this could mean that AI can still be further

developed to the point where it can teach and/or inspire students and future artists.

However, the article does not shy away from the challenges associated with AI in

education. This includes lack of expertise on the educator’s part, cost and resource

constraints, privacy concerns, bias and fairness particularly those in generative art,

ethical use of AI-generated content, technology dependency, accessibility, and

adaptation to the rapid technological changes. While AI does give a sense of surprise at

the moment, it still needs to go over a thoughtful and comprehensive approach that may

involve intensive collaboration between educators, technology experts, policymakers,

and other stakeholders to ensure the responsible and effective integration of AI,

including generative AI art, in education.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This research underscores the pivotal role of the Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM) in assessing the integration of AI-generated art into the educational and creative

journey of Arts and Design students at Dominican College of Sta. Rosa S.Y. 2023-2024.

TAM facilitates the evaluation of students' and educators' acceptance and utilization of

AI art technology, focusing on perceived ease of use and usefulness. By leveraging

TAM, educators can gain valuable insights into the efficacy of integrating AI art tools,

guiding strategies to enhance students' learning experiences and promote innovation in

their creative endeavors.

Figure 2 : Technology Acceptance Model

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of art creation has

prompted a profound exploration. As we delve into the intricate implications of AI-

generated art, the Organizational Culture Theory (Schein, 1985) comes into play. This

theory emphasizes the influence of the school's culture, values, and norms on shaping
behavior and decision-making, offering insights into the cultural context that may affect

the seamless integration of AI art.

Through the lens of TAM, we seek to elucidate the intricate interplay between

students' and educators' perceptions, attitudes, and intentions regarding the integration

of AI-generated art into the curriculum. By discerning the factors that influence

acceptance and utilization, we can identify opportunities to optimize the implementation

of AI art technology, thereby fostering a conducive environment for innovation and

growth in arts and design education. Ultimately, leveraging TAM empowers educators to

make informed decisions and design interventions that maximize the educational and

creative potential of AI-generated art for the benefit of students at Dominican College of

Sta. Rosa.

SYNTHESIS

This chapter highlights the transformative potential brought by Artificial

Intelligence (AI) in the fields of art and education, accompanied by the concerns and

adjustments necessary for both creative and educational fields. The literature and

studies provided are in line with the primary aim of this research, which is to investigate

the implications of AI-generated art on the educational and creative journey of students.

Based on the interpretation of the related literature and studies that the researchers

gathered, they were able to identify how AI-generated art could impact various factors of

the creative field. This includes concerns about intellectual property, human-artist

authenticity, creative development, and ethical dilemmas. Common themes are

consistently presented across the research papers, as all of them addressed copyright

implications, ethical considerations, the blurring of boundaries, and limitations and gaps

in terms of creativity that can be potentially overcome by the evolution of AI. The

studies not only highlighted the challenges posed by AI-generated art when it comes to

legal concerns such as intellectual property and data privacy but also its potential on

becoming a part of the curriculum for students, especially for those who are taking art-

related courses. While many studies present the obstacles that are encountered by

generative AI art, research papers by Nguyen (2023) and Egon et. al. (2023) address

the potential that AI still holds for the future, while acknowledging its flaws and

limitations at its currently immature stage (Kong, 2020). In accordance with the related

studies provided, the researchers not only acknowledge the disadvantages of AI-

generated art but also its benefits highlighted across the studies such as reduced labor

and increased efficiency.

Overall, the chapter reveals a complex landscape where AI introduces

opportunities and challenges, requiring careful consideration and adaptation in both

artistic and educational domains. The previously-mentioned central themes that

intersect across diverse studies, reflect the profound impact of AI on these fields. The

information gathered is essential to the researchers in order to give emphasis on how

generative AI art programs may impact the creative journey of an artist, especially on

their education.