Hint to Solution to question 1

i (mA/cm2) 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.18

i(A/cm2) 0.00003 0.00006 0.0001 0.00018
ηH (V)at 0.5°C 0.430 0.516 0.602 0.687
ηH (V)at 20°C 0.079 0.181 0.282 0.383

i(A/cm2) log i ηH (V)at 0.5°C ηH (V)at 20°C

0.00003 -4.522878745 0.430475 0.07935
0.00006 -4.22184875 0.51605 0.1806
0.00010 -4 0.601625 0.28185
0.00018 -3.744727495 0.6872 0.3831
0.00032 -3.494850022 0.772775 0.48435
0.00056 -3.251811973 0.85835 0.5856
0.00100 -3 0.943925 0.68685
0.00178 -2.749579998 1.0295 0.7881
0.00316 -2.500312917 1.115075 0.88935
0.00562 -2.250263684 1.20065 0.9906
 0.32 0.56 1 1.78 3.16 5.62
0.00032 0.00056 0.001 0.00178 0.00316 0.00562
0.773 0.858 0.944 1.030 1.115 1.201
0.484 0.586 0.687 0.788 0.889 0.991
 hint for solution 2

1) Calculte the concentration of the standard solution = c

2) Assume the concentration of the 20 ml solution to be x
3) Calculate the concentration of the total solution after addition of standard solution = 20x +5c/(25)
4) use standard addition method to find the value of x

hint for solution 4

V (V) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2

I (μA) -0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.05 -0.05

V (V) I (μA)
0.8 -0.1
0.6 -0.08
0.4 -0.06
0.2 -0.04
0 -0.05
-0.2 -0.05
-0.4 -0.02
-0.6 0.5
-0.8 1.25
-1 2.65
-1.2 4.15
-1.4 4.88
-1.6 5.4
-1.8 5.5
-2 5.52
-2.2 5.55
-2.4 5.5
-2.6 5.58
-2.8 5.6
-3 5.62
t for solution 2

on of the standard solution = c

on of the 20 ml solution to be x
on after addition of standard solution = 20x +5c/(25)
method to find the value of x

solution 4

-0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6

-0.02 0.5 1.25 2.65 4.15 4.88 5.4
-1.8 -2 -2.2 -2.4 -2.6 -2.8 -3
5.5 5.52 5.55 5.5 5.58 5.6 5.62

E1/2 = 1.08
hence Ni2+ is present

id = 5.62
id/2 = 2.81

concentration can be found using ilkovic equation if other parameters are known