Section 22

Formulas and Conversions

Overview

Section content This section contains the following topics:

Topic Page
Two Dimensional Objects 22-2
Three Dimensional Objects (Solids) 22-3
Conversion Factors 22-5
Table of Conversion Factors 22-8

Definitions of The table below defines some variables that are used in formulas described in this
variables section:
Variable Definition

α Angle (in degrees)

a Ellipse minor axis
A Area
As Surface area of solids
b Ellipse major axis
B Base
C Circumference (or perimeter)
D Diameter
H Height
L Length
R Radius
S Slant height
V Volume
W Width

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Two Dimensional Objects

Rectangle The formula for a rectangle is:

A=WxL

Parallelogram The formula for a parallelogram is:

A=HxL

Triangle The formula for a triangle is:

A = 1/2 x B x H

Circle The formulas for a circle are:

A = 3.142 x R x R

C = 3.142 x D

D=2xR

R=D/2
Continued on next page

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Two Dimensional Objects, Continued

Circle section The formulas for a circle section are:

A = 3.142 x R x R x α
360

L = 0.01745 x R x α

α = 57.30 x L
R

R = 57.30 x L
α

Ellipse The formulas for an ellipse are:

A = 3.142 x a x b

C = 4.443 x (a x a ) + (b x b)

Three Dimensional Objects (Solids)

Rectangular The formulas for a rectangular solid are:

solid

As = 2 x { (W x L) + (W x H) + (H x L)}

V=WxHxL
Continued on next page

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Three Dimensional Objects (Solids), Continued

Right circular The formulas for a right circular cone are:

cone

As = 3.142 x R x S
= Slanted cone surface only (not including
circular base)
V = 1.047 x R x R x H

2 2
S= R +H

Circular cylinder The formulas for a circular cylinder are:

As = 6.283 x R x H
= Cylinder surface only (not including circular top
and bottom)
V = 3.142 x R x R x H

Elliptical cylinder The formulas for an elliptical cylinder are:

A s = 4.443 x H x (a x a) + (b x b)

= Cylinder surface only (not including elliptical

top and bottom)
V = 3.142 x a x b x H

Sphere The formulas for a sphere are:

As = 12.57 x R x R

V = 4.189 x R x R x R

Continued on next page

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Three Dimensional Objects (Solids), Continued

Solid containers The following notes apply for solid containers:

Capacity in Gallons = V where V is in inches3

231
Capacity in Gallons = 7.48 x V where V is in feet3

Conversion Factors

Pressure The conversion factors for pressure are:

1 lb. per sq. inch (psi) = 2.310 ft. water
= 2.035 in. Hg

1 ft. water = 0.4329 psi

= 0.8814 in. Hg

1 in. Hg = 0.4912 psi

= 1.135 ft. water

lb. per sq. in. absolute (psia) = lb. per sq. in. gauge (psig) + 14.7

The relationship between psi and feet of head is:

psi x 2.310
head (ft) =
sp. gravity
psi = head (ft) x 0.4329 x sp. gravity
Note: sp. gravity of water is 1.0

Temperature Below are the conversion factors for temperature:

°C = (°F - 32) x 5/9
°F = (9/5 x °C) + 32
Continued on next page

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Conversion Factors, Continued

Weight of liquid Below are the conversion factors for weight of liquid:
1 gal. (U.S.) = 8.34 lb. x sp. gr.

1 cu. ft. = 62.4 lb. x sp. gr.

1 lb. = 0.12 U.S. gal. ÷ sp. gr.

= 0.016 cu. ft. ÷ sp. gr.

Flow Below are the conversion factors for flow:

1 gal. per min. (gpm) = 0.134 cu. ft. per min. (cfm)
500 lb. per hr. x sp. gr.
1 (cfm) = 448.8 gal. per hr. (gph)

Power Below are the conversion factors for power:

1 Btu per hr. = 0.293 watt
= 12.96 ft. lb. per min.
= 0.00039 hp

1 ton refrig. (U.S.) = 12,000 Btu per hr.

= 200 Btu per min.
= 83.33 lb. ice melted per hr. at 32°F

1 hp = 550 ft. lb. per sec.

= 746 watt
= 2,545 Btu per hr.

1 kilowatt = 3,413 Btu per hr.

Continued on next page

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Conversion Factors, Continued

Water Below are the conversion factors for water:

1 cu. ft. water = 62.34 lbs. at 60°F
1 gal. water = 8.333 lbs. at 60°F
1 cu. ft. ice = 57.2 lbs.
Freezing pt. = 32°F = 0°C
Boiling pt. = 212°F = 100°C

Determining Below is the quick method for determining the approximate number of barrels of fluid in
number of a string of casing:
barrels of fluid in
a string of casing
DxDxL
Number of barrels =
1000

• D = Inside diameter of casing string in INCHES

• L = Length of casing string in FEET

Note: The result of this calculation is 2.9% high

Determining Below is the calculation for pump horsepower:

Pump
Q (gal. per. min) x ∆P
Horsepower Hydraulic HP =
1714
Hydraulic HP
Brake HP =
Eff
• Hydraulic HP = Power delivered to fluid being pumped
• Brake HP = Power provided to the pump by the driver
• Q = Flow
• ∆P = Pressure rise across pump in lb. per sq. inch
• Eff = Pump efficiency (Typical values range from 0.40 to 0.90)

Hydrogen sulfide Below are the conversion factors for hydrogen sulfide concentrations:
concentrations
1 grain/100 Scf = 15.9 parts per million (ppm)
1% = 10,000 ppm

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Table of Conversion Factors

Conversion Use the table below to convert from one unit of measurement to another.
factor table
IF you want to change… TO… THEN multiply by…
Acres square miles 0.001563
Acres square feet 43560
Atmosphere pounds/square inch 14.70
Atmosphere inches of mercury 29.92
Atmosphere feet of water 33.95
Cords cubic feet 128
Cubic feet cubic inches 1728
Cubic feet cubic yards 0.03704
Cubic feet gallons 7.481
Cubic feet cords 0.007813
Cubic feet shipping tons (U.S.) 0.025
Cubic inches cubic feet 0.0005787
Cubic inches gallons 0.004329
cubic yards cubic feet 27
feet inches 12
feet yards 0.3333
feet miles 0.0001894
feet nautical miles (knots) 0.0001645
feet meters 0.3048
feet of water pounds/square inch 0.4329
feet of water pounds/square foot 62.34
feet of water inches of mercury 0.8814
gallons cubic inches 231
gallons cubic feet 0.1337
gallons pounds of water 8.333
gallons oil field bbl 0.02381
gallons quarts 4
gallons liters 3.785
grains ounces 0.002286
grains grams 0.06480
grams grains 15.43
grams ounces 0.03527
inches feet 0.08333
inches millimeters 25.40
inches of mercury inches of water 13.62
inches of mercury feet of water 1.135
inches of mercury pounds/square inch 0.4912
inches of water pounds/square inch 0.03608
inches of water inches of mercury 0.07345

Continued on next page

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Table of Conversion Factors, Continued

IF you want to change… TO… THEN multiply by…

inches of water ounces/square inch 0.5772
inches of water pounds/square foot 5.195
kilograms pounds 2.205
kilometers miles 0.6214
knots (nautical mile) feet 6080
liters gallons 0.2642
long tons pounds 2240
meters feet 3.281
metric tons pounds 2205
miles feet 5280
miles kilometers 1.609
oil field barrels gallons 42
ounces pounds 0.0625
ounces grains 437.5
ounces grams 28.35
ounces/square inch inches of mercury 0.1272
ounces/square inch inches of water 1.732
pints quarts 0.5
pounds ounces 16
pounds kilograms 0.4536
pounds of water gallons 0.1200
pounds/square inch inches of water 27.72
pounds/square inch feet of water 2.310
pounds/square inch inches of mercury 2.036
pounds/square inch atmosphere 0.06805
quarts pints 2
quarts gallons 0.25
short tons pounds 2000
short tons long tons 0.8929
square feet square inches 144
square feet square yards 0.1111
square feet acres 0.00002296
square inches square feet 0.006944
square miles acres 640
square yards square feet 9
yards feet 3

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