Exam #1: Revision material (21/02/24)

Materials
1. A compound and a solution are both homogenous substances. How are they different?

2. A salt was heated strongly and molten. An electric current was then passed through it
using inert electrodes. A silvery metal formed at one electrode and a yellow/green gas
was given off at the other. Is the salt an element or a compound? Explain your
reasoning.

3. Identify which techniques should be used to separate the following:

a. Pure water from salty bore water?

b. Oxygen from liquid air?

c. Calcium chloride (soluble) from calcium sulphate (slightly soluble)?

4. Differentiate fractional and simple distillation.

5. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are commonly used in the production of sunscreen. Describe
two properties of these nanoparticles that make them ideal for such use.

6. Stain resistant and water repelling fabrics are produced by thinly coating their
surfaces with a polymer layer containing carbon nanotubes.
a. Describe the surface this creates at the nanoscale level.

b. How does this surface prevent staining?

7. A thin coating of titanium dioxide nanoparticles applied to glass creates a surface that
wets more easily and prevents water droplet formation. It can also be photocatalytic.
Explain how this helps the glass surface to be self-cleaning.

8. Name the nanoparticle associated with the following uses:

a. Antibacterial bandages?
b. Carbon fibre tennis racquets?
c. Self-cleaning window spray?
d. Computer processor chips?
e. Auto sealants?
Chemical formula
9. In the table below are a variety of molecules. Name only those that are covalent
molecular substances.

CO

Br2
SO2
CO2
P2 O5
SO3
Ba3(PO4)2
CuCO3
(NH4)2SO4
KHCO3

10. Write the formula for the following covalent molecules:

Chlorine

Carbon tetrachloride
Oxygen dichloride
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulphur trioxide
Dinitrogen pentaoxide
Lead (II) oxide
Copper (II) sulfite
Zinc phosphate
Ammonium chloride
Chromium (III) oxide
Zinc sulfate
Atoms
11. Complete the following table:
Name of Atomic no. Number of Number of
Isotope Mass no. (A)
isotope (Z) protons neutrons
"#
!! Carbon-12 6 12 6 6
"$
!! Carbon-14
#$
"#"#
Argon-40 18 40
#&
"%$%
Cobalt-59 27

12. The relative masses for the two isotopes of bromine and their abundance are Bromine-
79: 78.92 and 50.69%; Bromine-81: 80.92 and 49.31%. Use this data to determine the
relative atomic mass for bromine. Show your working.

13. An element X has two isotopes. Their relative abundances are 60.1% and 39.9% and
their isotopic masses are 68.92 and 70.92, respectively. Determine the relative atomic
mass for bromine. Show your working.

14. There are 2 isotopes for copper: copper-63 and copper-65. Their isotopic masses are
62.93 and 64.93, respectively. The relative atomic mass for copper is 63.55. Use this
data to determine the percentage abundance of each isotope. Show your working.
 15. If an electron was removed from an atom:
a. How would it affect the overall mass of the atom?
b. How would it affect the overall charge of the atom?

16. Complete the following table:

Symbol Element Mass number Atomic number Number of
(A) (Z) neutrons
"$
!! 14 6
Chlorine 17 18
'! 56 26
#!&'
31 15
Silver 108 61
Carbon 12
Sodium 23 11
!$
#(!( 64 29
Calcium 40 20
Carbon 7

17. Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes: argon-36, argon-38, and argon-40.
Based on argon’s reported atomic mass, which isotope do you think is the most
abundant in nature? Explain.
18. The following graph shows a mass spectrum of lead. From this, calculate the percentage
abundance of each of its three isotopes. Use this to determine the relative atomic mass
of lead.
 19. Students from a university lab came across a sample containing an unknown element.
To determine the nature of the unknown element, the students performed mass
spectrometry and obtained the following:

a. Identify the number of isotopes for the unknown element.

b. Calculate the relative abundance of each isotope.

c. Identify the name of the unknown element.

Electron shell structure

20. Write the electron configuration for the following elements:
a. Magnesium
b. Fluorine
c. Carbon
d. Boron

21. Group 1 of the periodic table are called alkali metals. What feature is common about
their electronic configuration?
22. 2 elements were selected at random, both belonging to period 4. Element A contains
32 electrons and element B contains 20 electrons.
a. If both atoms were neutral, identify the number of protons in each element.

b. Write the subshell electron configurion for each element.

23. The following elements and their electronic configurations are as follows:
Calcium = 2, 8, 8, 2
Sulphur = 2, 8, 6
Fluorine = 2, 7
Argon = 2, 8, 8
In a chemical reaction, which element is most likely to:
a. Gain 2 electrons?
b. Lose 2 electrons?
c. Not react?

24. How many valence electrons are there in each atom described below:
a. A noble gas from period 2.
b. The element from group 3 in period 3.
c. The element from the third period that belongs to group 16.
d. An alkali metal from the 4th period.

25. Why do elements belonging to group 2 tend to form ions with a valency of +2?

26. Of the electronic configurations below, which one represents an atom in an excited
state:
a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4s2
d. 1s2 2s2 2p3
 27. Determine the Schrodinger model of electronic configuration that corresponds to the
shell model electron configuration 2, 8, 6.

Periodic table
28. Identify the chemical symbol for each of the following:
a. Element that is in group 2 and period 4.
b. Element in period 2 with the highest electronegativity.
c. Element in group 15 that has the highest first ionisation energy.
d. Element that has three occupied electron shells and is in the s-block.

29. Describe the changes that occur across the period in terms of atomic radius, metallic
character, and electronegativity.

30. “The reactivity of beryllium is less than that of barium.” Do you agree with the
statement? Explain your reasoning.