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Long Transmission Lines Fault Location Based On Parameter Identification Using One-Terminal Data
Long Transmission Lines Fault Location Based On Parameter Identification Using One-Terminal Data
Abstract—In this paper, an accurate fault location algorithm a method based on parameter identification, but they ignored
based on parameter identification using single-ended data is the influence of long lines’ distributed capacitance.
presented. It is inferred from the differential equations of fault
state network and fault component network based on the R-L This paper put forward an accurate single-ended fault
transmission lines model. And it takes the resistance and location algorithm from R-L line model and then utilized in
inductance of the system behind the fault point, the fault distance distributed line model. EMTP simulation results prove that
and fault resistance as unknown variables. These four unknown this method has high accuracy and low time-consumption.
variables can be expressed by the coefficients of fault location Variations of source impedance, fault types and fluctuations in
equations and, therefore, can be obtained by solving those power frequency have been proved to have little effect on it.
coefficients. When it comes to the distributed parameter
transmission lines, an improved algorithm, combining filtering II. THE DERIVATION OF FAULT LOCATION ALGORITHM
and compensating, is carried out to reduce the model error. First, a transmission lines fault location algorithm of
Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that this single-phase system using R-L model is presented. Then,
algorithm is of high accuracy and low time-consumption. Besides, algorithm for three-phase system will be given. Finally,
it doesn’t need iteration and the solution is unique.
algorithm dealing with distributed parameter lines model will
Keywords- long lines; fault location; parameter identification; be acquired.
distributed parameter; compensation algorithm A. Single-phase system
I. INTRODUCTION For the sake of simplicity, R-L model transmission lines
will be used at first. According to Superposition Theorem,
With the increase of transmission lines voltage level and fault network is made of fault state network and fault
transmission capacity, modern power systems become component network, shown in Fig. 1. Terminal-m is the point
increasingly large and complex. Thus the fault location of high where the relay equipment is installed.
voltage transmission lines is becoming more and more
important. Finding the fault distance quickly not only According to Fig. 1(a), based on the Kirchhoff’s current
contributes to timely lines repairing and stable power supply, law at the fault point one obtains:
but also plays an important role in the power system security,
stability and economic operation [1].
The principle of fault location using single-ended data is
easy to implement so that it received widespread attentions. Li
and Chen [2] proposed a new method for the impedance fault
location algorithm using one terminal data. However, this
method fails in interphase short circuit fault. Wang and Dong
[3] showed a new method for distance measurement while it is
lacking of instantaneity. Quan and Li et al. [4] reported a
(a) Fault state network
algorithm based on differential equation. But their assumption,
that the current flowing through the fault resistance and the
zero-sequence current measured by the protection have the
same phase, would cause model errors. Another method for
accurate transmission lines fault location algorithm using R-L
model was investigated in [5]. This method requires the initial
value and iteration to solve the nonlinear equations, which
calls for a nonignorable time-consumption. Kang and Suonan
et al. [6] explored a principle of parameter identification
algorithm in the frequency domain. This method also needs to (b) Fault component network
solve the nonlinear equations. Chen and Lv et al. [7] achieved
Fig.1 Equivalent circuit of fault condition in system
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• The fault distance can be calculated by: p = pset + p′ . experiments in cases of different source angles, different fault
This algorithm by its nature is an approximate algorithm. It times and different values of fault resistance have been
takes the distributed parameter lines, on the right side of the conduct and indicates that all these changes have no impact on
fault point, as R-L model. And it runs based on an initial fault fault location.
distance provided by a certain other algorithm. Tab.1 Simulation results of the parameter identification method-I
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From the results above, they present a law: The duration of • It is a time-domain algorithm.
the accurate result increases with fault distance. This law is • This algorithm is of the high accuracy and low time-
determined by the time constant of the fault loop response. consumption.
Another law can also be found similarly that the duration • Simulation results prove that this method has a high
of the accurate result decreases with the increase of the fault accuracy and isn’t affected by the variation of system
resistance. operation modes.
• This algorithm needs an initial fault distance provided
B. Parameter identification algorithm based on distributed by a certain less effective algorithm.
parameter long line model——the parameter identification
method-II References
Tab.2 Simulation results of method-II [1] Ge YZ. New types of protective relaying and fault location: their theory
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