FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM

Submitted by

AJAY. G Reg. No. (22308988)

AJAY .R Reg. No. (22308989)
AJAY SATHYA.S Reg. No. (22308990)
KARTHIKEYAN.M Reg. No. (22309008)
KARTHIKEYAN.R Reg. No. (22309009)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

SRI RANGANATHAR INSTITUTE OF POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

ATHIPALAYAM, COIMBATORE – 641110.

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai – 600025

Government of Tamilnadu
APRIL-2024
 ii

SRI RANGANATHAR INSTITUTE OF POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

(Approved By Govt. of Tamilnadu and AICTE)
Athipalayam,Coimbatore-641110. Ph(0422)-2904008,2904009
E-mail:sripoly@yahoo.co.in

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that this project report titled

“FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

Is a bonafide project work done by

AJAY. G Reg. No. (22308988)
AJAY .R Reg. No. (22308989)

AJAY SATHYA.S Reg. No. (22308990)

KARTHIKEYAN.M Reg. No. (22309008)

KARTHIKEYAN.R Reg. No. (22309009)

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Of
Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Tamil Nadu.

During the year 2023-2024

Project guide Head of the Department

Certified that the candidate was examined by using the Project Viva-Voce examination
Held on _____________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

iii
 iv

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of our system is to make online transaction more

secure and user-friendly. Here we are using Fingerprint scanning biometric
and iris scanning to provide access to ATM machine. Data of a fingerprint and
iris is stored in Aadhar database. Bank provide authentication to the customer
that can be access while performing transaction process. If the fingerprint
and iris match is found in data base then transaction take place. After
verification, if fingerprint and iris does not match transaction will be cancelled.
Using fingerprint based ATM system user can make secure transaction.
Biometric can be used to identify physical and behavioral characteristics of
user fingerprints. There are many biometric devices like iris detection, face
recognition, fingerprint. In our Project, we are using fingerprint biometrics and
iris detection. Users fingerprint are scanned using biometric, eye ball are
scanned through camera and stored in database. All fingerprints have unique
characteristics and patterns. Fingerprint biometrics and camera are easy to use,
cheap and most suitable for everyone. Characteristics of fingerprint and iris
vary from person to person. Fingerprint and iris is a unique identity of user.
 v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing moment of having successfully completed our project, We wish to

convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the management of our college and our beloved

Chairman Mr. V.NARAYANASAMY, who has provided all the facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our beloved Vice Chairman

Mr.N.HARIKRISHNAN & Our Director Mrs.B.ARTHI HARIKRISHNAN, for giving us

the opportunity and support.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our Principal

Mr.KARTHIKEYAN,M.E., for forwarding us to do our project and offering adequate

duration in completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department Mr. P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,

for his constructive suggestions & encouragement during our project which leads to the

successful completion of our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest & sincere thanks to our guide

Mr.RAJU.B, M.E., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his kind

guidance & encouragement during this project.

We also express our indebt thanks to our Teaching and Non-Teaching

Staff members of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT, Sri Ranganathar Institute of Polytechnic College, Athipalayam for

their sincere support in completion of this project.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITTLE PAGE

NO NO
ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES viii

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS x

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 PROPOSED SYSTEM 3

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 5

4 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION 7

4.1 POWER SUPPLY 8

4.2 TYPES OF BRIDGE RECTIFIERS 10

4.3 IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS 13

4.4 TRANSFORMER 15

4.5 PIC 16F877A MICROCONTROLLER 16

4.6 LCD 21

4.7 LED 22

4.8 FINGERPRINT 22

4.9 GSM MODULE 24

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4.10 RELAY 25

4.11 DC MOTOR 27

4.12 KEYPAD 30

4.13 CAMERA 32

5 PROGRAM 33

6 SOFTWARE 36

6.1 PCB DESIGN 37

6.2 PCB Board Design 40

6.3 PROTEUS DESIGN SUITE 41

6.4 PIC C COMPILE 43

6.5 C COMPILER 43

6.6 MP LAB 43

7 CONCLUSION 46

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 48

9 PHOTO GRAPHY 50

10 PROJECT ESTIMATION 52
 viii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO

NO
3.1 Block Diagram 6

4.1.1 Power Supply Diagram 8

4.1.2 Bridge Rectifier Diagram 9

4.2.1 Single Phase & Three Phase Rectifier Diagram 10

4.2.2 Uncontrolled Bridge Rectifier Diagram 10

4.2.3 Controlled Bridge Rectifier Diagram 11

4.2.4 Bridge Rectifier Diagram 12

4.3.2 (A) Fixed Positive Voltage Regulators Diagram 14

4.4.1 Transformer Diagram 15

4.5.1 PIC 16f877a Microcontroller Diagram 16

4.6 LCD Diagram 21

4.7 LED Diagram 22

4.8 (A) Finger Print Sensor 22

4.8 (B) Finger Print Function 23

4.9 GSM Diagram 24

4.10 (A) Realy 25

 ix

4.10 (B) SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT 26

4.11 DC Motor 27

4.11.1 (A) Motor Drive IC 28

4.12 Keypad 31

4.13 Camera 32

6.1.1 PCB Board Diagram 39

6.6.1 MPLAB Diagram 44

9.1 Photography 51
 x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DC - DIRECT CURRENT
AC - ALTERNATING CURRENT
SCR - SILICON CONTROLLER RECTIFIER
METAL–OXIDE–SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT
MOSFET -
TRANSISTOR
IGBT - INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR
V - VOLTAGE
PIV - PEAK INVERSE VOLTAGE
D - DIODE
IC - INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
VI - INPUT VOLTAGE
VO - OUTPUT VOLTAGE
GND - GROUND
IN - INPUT
OU - OUTPUT
PIC - PERIPHERAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER
CPU - CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
RISC - REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTER
MHZ - MEGA HERTZ
RAM - RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
MA - MICRO AMPS
PWM - PULSE WITH MODULATION
CCP - CAPTURE, COMPARE, PULSE WITH MODULATION
SSP - SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT
BOR - BROWN-OUT RESET
POR - POWER-ON RESET
PWRT - POWER-UP TIMER
 xi

OST - OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER

WDT - WATCHDOG TIMER
RC - RESISTOR CAPACITOR
IC - INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
TMR - TIMER
A/D - ANALOG TO DIGITAL
DVD - DIGITAL VIDEO DISC
CRT - CATHODE RAY TUBE
LED - LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
PCB - PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Fingerprint Based ATM is a desktop application where fingerprint of the
user is used as a authentication. The finger print minutiae features are different
for each human being so the user can be identified uniquely. Instead of using
ATM card Fingerprint based ATM is safer and secure. There is no worry of
losing ATM card and no need to carry ATM card in your wallet. You just have
to use your fingerprint in order to do any banking transaction. The user has to
login using his fingerprint and he has to enter the pin code in order to do further
transaction. The user can withdraw money from his account. User can transfer
money to various accounts by mentioning account number. In order to withdraw
money user has to enter the amount he want to withdraw .The user must have
appropriate balance in his ATM account to do transaction. User can view the
balance available in his respective account.

2
 CHAPTER – 2
PROPOSED SYSTEM

3
2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Design Approach This project was developed using functional design
approach. It is a modular approach. Each module is a function of its own and as
the modules are independent, the change in functional implementation of
module will affect the functional implementation of the other modules
minimally. Each authentication step in the proposed solution is identified into
three independent modules for implementation purposes and integrated. The
first module implements a scrambling keypad, second a color-coded password
combination and finally a biometric fingerprint authentication. Each functional
module consists of its own implementation and sub modules. 2.2 Detailed
Design This project consists of three steps of authentication: The 6-digits ATM
PIN number on a scrambling keypad, color-coded combination password
identification and fingerprint recognition. A user must first register with all
three before accessing his records. The user records are stored in a SQLite
database in the form of rows. When a user authenticates using his account
details, they are matched against the records in the database and the result
(“valid” or “invalid” user) is returned. The registration and authentication
processes are further explained with respective activity, sequence and
architecture diagrams. 7 2.2.1 Registration The activity diagram below shows
the workflow of activities for user registration process. In real world, a user
swipes his debit/credit card to authenticate and use a teller machine. The bank
issues these cards to users with bank accounts, so the user details are already
registered with the bank. For demonstration purposes, this project stores user
details entered by the user and the user needs to enter his account number to
authenticate with the three steps.

4
 CHAPTER – 3
BLOCK DIAGRAM

5
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure No.3.1 Block Diagram

6
 CHAPTER – 4
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

7
4.1 POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to
an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one
form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are
discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along
with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop
computers and consumer electronics devices.
Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well
as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source.
Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types
of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy
storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems
such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power
supply.
All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the
energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most
power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or
hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless
energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output.
Some power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for
functions such as external monitoring and control.

Figure No 4.1.1Power Supply Diagram

8
 Bridge Rectifier Circuit with Working Operation and Their Types A
bridge rectifier circuit is a common part of the electronic power supplies. Many
electronic circuits require rectified DC power supply for powering the various
electronic basic components from available AC mains supply. We can find this
rectifier in a wide variety of electronic AC power devices like home appliances,
motor controllers, modulation process, welding applications, etc.

Figure No 4.1.2 Bridge Rectifier Diagram

What is a Bridge Rectifier?
A Bridge rectifier is an Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC)
converter that rectifies mains AC input to DC output. Bridge Rectifiers are
widely used in power supplies that provide necessary DC voltage for the
electronic components or devices. They can be constructed with four or more
diodes or any other controlled solid state switches. Depending on the load
current requirements, a proper bridge rectifier is selected. Components’ ratings
and specifications, breakdown voltage, temperature ranges, transient current
rating, forward current rating, mounting requirements and other considerations
are taken into account while selecting a rectifier power supply for an
appropriate electronic circuit’s application.

9
4.2 TYPES OF BRIDGE RECTIFIERS
Bride rectifiers are classified into several types based on these factors:
type of supply, controlling capability, bride circuit’s configurations, etc. Bridge
rectifiers are mainly classified into single and three phase rectifiers. Both these
types are further classified into uncontrolled, half controlled and full controlled
rectifiers. Some of these types of rectifiers are described below.
1. Single Phase and Three Phase Rectifiers

Figure No 4.2.1 Single Phase & Three Phase Rectifier Diagram

The nature of supply, i.e., a single phase or three-phase supply decides these
rectifiers. The Single phase bridge rectifier consists of four diodes for
converting AC into DC, whereas a three phase rectifier uses six diodes, as
shown in the figure. These can be again uncontrolled or controlled rectifiers
depending on the circuit components such as diodes, thyristors, and so on.
2. Uncontrolled Bridge Rectifiers

Figure No 4.2.2 Uncontrolled Bridge Rectifier Diagram

10
 This bridge rectifier uses diodes for rectifying the input as shown in the
figure. Since the diode is a unidirectional device that allows the current flow in
one direction only. With this configuration of diodes in the rectifier, it doesn’t
allow the power to vary depending on the load requirement. So this type of
rectifier is used in constant or fixed power supplies.
3. Controlled Bridge Rectifier

Figure No 4.2.3 Controlled Bridge Rectifier Diagram

In this type of rectifier, AC/DC converter or rectifier – instead of
uncontrolled diodes, controlled solid state devices like SCR’s, MOSFET’s,
IGBT’s, etc. are used to vary the output power at different voltages. By
triggering these devices at various instants, the output power at the load is
appropriately changed.

Bridge Rectifier Circuit Diagram

The main advantage of bridge rectifier is that it produces almost double
the output voltage as with the case of a full wave rectifier using center-tapped
transformer. But this circuit doesn’t need center tapped transformer so it
resembles low-cost rectifier. The bridge rectifier circuit diagram consists of
various stages of devices like transformer, Diode Bridge, filtering and
regulators. Generally all these blocks combination is called as regulated DC
power supply that powers various electronic appliances.

11
 The first stage of the circuit is a transformer which is a step-down type that
changes the amplitude of the input voltage. Most of the electronic projects uses
230/12V transformer to step-down the AC mains 230V to 12V AC supply.

Figure No 4.2.4 Bridge Rectifier Diagram

Next stage is a diode-bridge rectifier which uses four or more diodes
depending on the type of bridge rectifier. Choosing a particular diode or any
other switching device for a corresponding rectifier needs some considerations
of the device like Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV), forward current If, voltage
ratings, etc. It is responsible for producing unidirectional or DC current at the
load by conducting a set of diodes for every half cycle of the input signal. Since
the output after the diode bridge rectifiers is of pulsating nature, and for
producing it as a pure DC, filtering is necessary. Filtering is normally performed
with one or more capacitors attached across the load, as you can observe in the
below figure wherein smoothing of wave is performed. This capacitor rating
also depends on the output voltage.
The last stage of this regulated DC supply is a voltage regulator that
maintains the output voltage to a constant level. Suppose the microcontroller
works at 5V DC, but the output after the bridge rectifier is around 16V, so to
reduce this voltage, and to maintain a constant level – no matter voltage changes
in input side – a voltage regulator is necessary.

12
Bridge Rectifier Operation
As we discussed above, a single-phase bridge rectifier consists of four
diodes and this configuration is connected across the load. For understanding
the bridge rectifier’s working principle, we have to consider the below circuit
for demonstration purpose. During the Positive half cycle of the input AC
waveform diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased and D3 and D4 are reverse
biased. When the voltage, more than the threshold level of the diodesD1 and
D2, starts conducting – the load current starts flowing through it, as shown as
red lines path in the diagram below.

4.3 IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS

Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC
units contain the circuit for reference source, comparator amplifier, control
device, and overload protection all in a single IC.
Although the internal construction of the IC is somewhat different from
that described for discrete regulator circuits, the external operation is much the
same. IC units provide regulator of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed
negative, or an adjustable set voltage.
A power supply can be built using a transformer connected to the AC
supply line to step the AC voltage to desired amplitude, then rectifying that AC
voltage, filtering with a capacitor and RC filter, if desired, and finally regulator
the DC voltage using an IC regulator.
The regulators can be selected for operation with load current from
hundreds of mill amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings
from mill watts to tens of watts.

13
4.3.1 TREE-TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATORS
Fig shows the basic connection of a three-terminal voltage regulator IC to
load. The fixed voltage regulator has on unregulated DC input voltage, VI,
applied to one input terminal, a regulator output DC voltage, VO, from a second
terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground.
For a selected regulator, IC device specifications list a voltage range over
which the input voltage can vary to maintain a regulator output voltage over a
range of load current. The specification also lists the amount of output voltage
change resulting from a change in load current (load regulator) or in input
voltage (line regulator).

4.3.2 FIXED POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATORS

FROM TRANSFORMER SEC

Figure No 4.3.2 (A) Fixed Positive Voltage Regulators Diagram

The series 78 regulators provide fixed regulated voltage from 5 to 24V.
Figure shows how one such IC, a 7812, is connected to provide voltage
regulator without from this units of +12V DC. An unregulated input voltage VI
is filtered by capacitor CI and connected to the IC’s IN terminal. The IC’s OUT
terminal provide a regulated +12V which is filtered by capacitor C2 (mostly for
any high-frequency noise). The third IC terminal is connected to ground
(GND). Which the input voltage may vary over some permissible voltage range,
and the output load may vary over some acceptable range, the output voltage
remains constant within specified voltage variation limits.

14
4.4 TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy
between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer
produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying
electromotive force across a second coil wound around the same core. Electrical
energy can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection
between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831
described the induced voltage effect in any coil due to changing magnetic flux
encircled by the coil. Transformers are used for increasing or decreasing the
alternating voltages in electric power applications, and for coupling the stages
of signal processing circuits. Since the invention of the first constant-potential
transformer in 1885, transformers have become essential for the transmission,
distribution, and utilization of alternating current electric power. A wide range
of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power
applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic
centimeter in volume, to units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect
the power grid.

Figure No 4.4.1 Transformer Diagram

15
4.5 PIC 16F877A MICROCONTROLLER

Figure No 4.5.1 PIC 16f877a Microcontroller Diagram

HIGH PERFORMANCE RISC CPU
 Only 35 single word instructions to learn
 All single cycle instructions except for program branches, which are two-
cycle
 Operating speed: DC-20 MHZ clock input DC-200 ns instruction cycle
 2K x 14 words of program memory, 128 x 8 bytes of Data Memory
(RAM)
 Pin out compatible to PIC16C72/72A and PIC16F872
 Interrupt capability
 Eight-level deep hardware stack
 Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes

16
PERIPHERAL FEATURES
 High sink/source current: 25mA
 Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit pre scalar
 Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with pre scalar, can be incremented during
SLEEP via external crystal/clock
 Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, pre scalar and post
scalar
 Capture, compare, PWM (CCP) module
 Capture is 16-bit, max. Resolution is 12.5 ns
 Compare is 16-bit, max. Resolution is 200 ns
 PWM max. Resolution is 10-bit
 8-bit, 5-channel analog-to-digital converter
 Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI tm (slave)
 Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset (BOR)

SPECIAL MICROCONTROLLER FEATURE

 1,000 erase/write cycle FLASH program memory typical
 Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up Timer (PWRT) and oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST)
 Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable
operation
 Programmable code protection
 Power saving SLEEP mode
 Selectable oscillator options
 In-circuit Serial Programming tm (ICSPtm) via 2 pins
 Processor read access to program memory

17
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and
peripheral modules for controlling the desired operation of the device. These
registers are implemented as static RAM. The Special Function Registers can be
classified into two sets core (CPU) and peripheral. Those registers associated
with the core functions are described in detail in this section. Those related to
the operation of the peripheral features are described in detail in the peripheral
feature section.

TIMER0 MODULE
 The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following features:
 8-bit timer/counter
 Readable and writable
 8-bit software programmable pre scale
 Internal or external clock select
 Interrupt on overflow from FFH to 00H
 Edge select for external clock

TIMER1 MODULE
 The timer1 module timer/counter has the following features:
 16-bit timer/counter (Two 8-bit registers; TMR1H and TMR1L)
 Readable and writable (both registers)
 Internal or external clock select
 Interrupt on overflow from FFFFH to 0000H
 RESET from CCP module trigger
 Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing control bit TMR1ON
(T1CON<0>)

18
TIMER1 MODULE
 The timer2 module timer has the following features:
 8-bit timer (TMR@ register)
 8-bit period register (both register)
 Readable and writable (both registers)
 Software programmable pre scalar (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)
 Software programmable pre scalar (1:1, to 1:16)
 Interrupt on TMR2 match of PR2
 SSP module optional use of TMR2 output to generate clock shift timer2
can by shut-off by clearing control bit TMR2ON (T2CON<2>) to
minimize power consumption.

ANALOG-TODIGITAL CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE

The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter module has five inputs for the
PIC16f72. The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to a
corresponding 8-bit digital number. The output of the sample and hold is the
input into the converter, which generates the result via successive
approximation. The analog reference voltage is software selectable to either the
device’s positive supply voltage level on the RA3/AN3/VREF pin. The A/D
converter has a unique feature of being able to operate while the device is in
SLEEP mode. To operate in SLEEP, the A/D module has three registers:
 A/D Result Register ADRES
 A/D Control Register 0 ADCON0
 A/D Control Register 1 ADCON1
A device RESET forces all registers to their RESET state. This forces the
A/D module to turn off and any conversion is aborted. The ADCON0 register,
shown in register 10- Control the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1
register, shown in register 10- Configures the function of the port pins.

19
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU
These devices have a host of features intended to maximize system
reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, and
provide power saving operation modes and offer code protection:
 Oscillator selection
 RESET
 Power-on reset (POR)
 Power-up timer (PWRT)
 Oscillator start-up timer (OST)
 Brown-out reset (BOR)
 Interrupts
 Watchdog timer (WDT)
 Sleep
 Code protection
 ID Locations
 In-Circuit serial Programming
These devices have a watchdog timer. Which can be enabled or disable
using a configuration bit. It runs off its own RC oscillator for added reliability.
There are two timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is the
oscillator start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep the chip in RESET until the
crystal oscillator is stable. The other is the power-up Timer (PWRT), which
provides a fixed delay of 72ms (nominal) on power-up only. It is designed to
keep the part in RESET while the power supply stabilizes, and is enabled or
disabled using a configuration bit. With these two timers on-chip, most
applications need no external RESET circuitry. SLEEP mode is designed to
offer a very low current power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP
through external RESET, watchdog Timer wake-up, or through an interrupt.
Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the
application.
20
4.6 LCD
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual
display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid
crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly.
LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose
computer display) or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as
preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. They use the
same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large
number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements.
LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer
monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and signage.
They are common in consumer devices such as DVD players, gaming devices,
clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones, and have replaced cathode ray tube
(CRT) displays in most applications. The LCD screen is more energy efficient
and can be disposed of more safely than a CRT. Its low electrical power
consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment.

Figure No 4.6 LCD Diagram

21
4.7 LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It
is a pn-junction diode, which emits light when activated.]When a suitable
voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron
holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor.

Figure No 4.7 LED Diagram

4.8 FINGERPRINT

Figure No 4.8 (A) Finger Print Scanner

22
 Figure No 4.8 (B) Finger Print Function
Fingers canning, also called fingerprint scanning, is the process of
electronically obtaining and storing human fingerprints. The digital image
obtained by such scanning is called a finger image. In some texts, the terms
fingerprinting and fingerprint are used, but technically, these terms refer to
traditional ink-and-paper processes and images. Finger scanning is a biometric
process, because it involves the automated capture, analysis, and comparison of
a specific characteristic of the human body. There are several different ways in
which an instrument can bring out the details in the pattern of raised areas
(called ridges) and branches (called bifurcations) in a human finger image. The
most common methods are optical, thermal, and tactile. They work using visible
light analysis, heat-emission analysis, and pressure analysis, respectively.

Biometric finger scanning offers improvements over ink-and-paper

imaging. A complete set of finger scans for a person (10 images, including

23
those of the thumbs) can be easily copied, distributed, and transmitted over
computer networks. In addition, computers can quickly analyze a finger scan
and compare it with thousands of other fingers cans, as well as with fingerprints
obtained by traditional means and then digitally photographed and stored. This
greatly speeds up the process of searching finger image records in criminal
investigations.

4.9 GSM MODULE

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM
card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile
phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a
mobile phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the
computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.
While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet
connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and
MMS messages.

Figure No 4.9 GSM Diagram

GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth
connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.
For the purpose of this document, the term GSM modem is used as a generic
term to refer to any modem that supports one or more of the protocols in the
GSM evolutionary family, including the 2.5G technologies GPRS and EDGE,
as well as the 3G technologies WCDMA, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA.

24
4.10 RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use
an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating
principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is
necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several
circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long
distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in
from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used
extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical
operations. A small cradle relay often used in electronics. The "cradle" term
refers to the shape of the relay's armature.When an electric current is passed
through the coil it generates a magnetic field that activates the armature and the
consequent movement of the movable contact either makes or breaks
(depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of
contacts was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens
the contacts and breaks the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open.
When the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force,
approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its relaxed position.
Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in
industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a
low-voltage application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current
application it reduces arcing.

Figure No 4.10 (A) Relay

25
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple
operating Automotive-style miniature relay, dust cover is taken off. If the coil is
designed to be energized with alternating current (AC), some method is used to
split the flux into two out-of-phase components which add together, increasing
the minimum pull on the armature during the AC cycle. Typically, this is done
with a small copper "shading ring" crimped around a portion of the core that
creates the delayed, out-of-phase component, which holds the contacts during
the zero crossings of the control voltage.
Circuit symbols of relays (C denotes the common terminal in SPDT and
DPDT types.). Since relays are switches, the terminology applied to switches is
also applied to relays; a relay switches one or more poles, each of
whose contacts can be thrown by energizing the coil. Normally open (NO)
contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is
disconnected when the relay is inactive. Normally closed (NC) contacts
disconnect the circuit when the relay is activated; the circuit is connected when
the relay is inactive. All of the contact forms involve combinations of NO and
NC connections.

Figure No 4.10 (B) SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT

26
 SPDT (Single-Pole Double-Throw) relays have a single set of Form
C, break before make or transfer contacts. That is, a common terminal connects
to either of two others, never connecting to both at the same time. Including two
for the coil, such a relay has a total of five terminals.
DPST – Double-Pole Single-Throw relays are equivalent to a pair of
SPST switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil,
such a relay has a total of six terminals. The poles may be Form A or Form
B (or one of each; the designations NO and NC should be used to resolve the
ambiguity).
DPDT – Double-Pole Double-Throw relays have two sets of Form
C contacts. These are equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a
single coil.

4.11 DC MOTOR
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts
direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types
rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors
have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic; to
periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.

Figure No 4.8 DC Motor

DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's
27
speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply
voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC
motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate
on direct current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power
tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric
vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of
power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible
in many applications.

4.11.1 MOTOR DRIVER

A motor driver is an integrated circuit chip which is usually used to
control motors in autonomous robots. Motor driver act as an interface between
Arduino and the motor. The most commonly used motor driver IC’s are from
the L293 series such as L293D L293NE, etc. These ICs are designed to control
2 DC motors simultaneously. L293 consist of two H-bridge. H-bridge is the
simplest circuit for controlling a low current rated motor. We will be referring
the motor driver IC as L293D only. L293D has 16 pins.

Figure No 4.11.1 (A) Motor Driver IC

28
1) L293D IC
2) 4 1 microfarad capacitor
3) 6 Header Male pins
Add Tip Ask Question Comment Download
5) Wires or female sockets
6) 2 Motors
7) Arduino (Any) to test the Driver
8) Computer with arduino IDE
9) Misc itmes like soldering iron, soldering Wire etc.
The L293D is a 16 pin IC, with eight pins, on each side, dedicated to the
controlling a motor. There are 2 INPUT pins, 2 OUTPUT pins and 1 ENABLE
pin for each motor L293D consist of two H-bridge. H-bridge is the simplest
circuit for controlling a low current rated motor.
Pin No. - Pin Characteristics
1 - Enable 1-2, when this is HIGH the left part of the IC will work and when it
is low the left part won’t work.
2 INPUT 1 HIGH 1
3 - OUTPUT 1, this pin should be connected to one of the terminals of motor
4, 5 - GND, ground pins
6 - OUTPUT 2, this pin should be connected to one of the terminals of motor
7 - INPUT 2, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 2
8 - VCC2, this is the voltage which will be supplied to the motor.
16 - VCC1, this is the power source to the IC. So, this pin should be supplied
with V
15 - INPUT 4, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 4
14 - OUTPUT 4, this pin should be connected to one of the terminals of motor
13, 12 - GND, ground pins
11 - OUTPUT 3, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
10 - INPUT 3, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 3

29
9 - Enable 3-4, when this is HIGH the right part of the IC will work and when it
is l the right part won’t work.
The motor driver IC deals with heavy currents. Due to so much current
flows the IC gets heated. So, we need a heat sink to reduce the heating.
Therefore, there are 4 ground pins. When we solder the pins on PCB, we get a
huge metallic area between the grounds where the heat can be released.
The DC motor is an inductive load. So, it develops a back EMF when
supplied by a voltage. There can be fluctuations of voltage while using the
motor say when sudden we take a reverse while the motor was moving in some
direction. At this point the fluctuation in voltage is quite high and this can
damage the IC. Thus, we use four capacitors that help to dampen the extreme
variation in current. Now depending upon the values of the Input and Enable the
motors will rotate in either clockwise or anticlockwise direction with full speed
(when Enable is HIGH) or with less speed (when Enable is provided with
PWM).Let us assume for Left Motor when Enable is HIGH and Input 1 and
Input 2 are HIGH and LOW respectively then the motor will move in clockwise
direction.

4.12 KEYPAD
A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad" which usually
bear digits, symbols and usually a complete set of alphabetical letters. If it
mostly contains numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad. Keypads
are found on many alphanumeric keyboards and on other devices such as
calculators, push-button telephones, combination locks, and digital door locks,
which require mainly numeric input.

30
USES AND FUNCTIONS
A computer keyboard usually has a small numeric keypad on the side, in
addition to the other number keys on the top, but with a calculator-style
arrangement of buttons that allow more efficient entry of numerical data. This
number pad (commonly abbreviated to "numpad") is usually positioned on the
right side of the keyboard because most people are right-handed.
Many laptop computers have special function keys which turn part of the
alphabetical keyboard into a numerical keypad as there is insufficient space to
allow a separate keypad to be built into the laptop's chassis. Separate external
plug-in keypads can be purchased.

Figure No 4.12 Keypad

As a general rule, the keys on calculator-style keypads are arranged such

that 123 is on the bottom row, whereas in a telephone keypad, there will be the
123-keys at the top. A phone key-pad also has the special buttons labelled *
(star) and # (octothorpe, number sign, "pound", "hex" or "hash") on either side
of the zero key. Most of the keys on a telephone also bear letters which have
had several auxiliary uses, such as remembering area codes or whole telephone
numbers.
The keypad of a calculator contains the digits 0 through 9, from bottom
upwards, together with the four arithmetic operations, the decimal point and
other more advanced mathematical functions.

31
4.13 CAMERA
A camera is an optical instrument used to capture an image. At their most
basic, cameras are sealed boxes (the camera body) with a small hole (the
aperture) that allows light in to capture an image on a light-sensitive surface
(usually photographic film or a digital sensor). Cameras have various
mechanisms to control how the light falls onto the light-sensitive surface.
Lenses focus the light entering the camera, the size of the aperture can be
widened or narrowed to let more or less light into the camera, and a shutter
mechanism determines the amount of time the photo-sensitive surface is
exposed to the light. The still image camera is the main instrument in the art of
photography and captured images may be reproduced later as a part of the
process of photography, digital imaging, photographic printing. The similar
artistic fields in the moving image camera domain are film, videography, and
cinematography.

Figure No 4.13 Camera

The word camera comes from camera obscura, which means "dark
chamber" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of
external reality onto a flat surface. The modern photographic camera evolved
from the camera obscura. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the
functioning of the human eye.

32
CHAPTER – 5
PROGRAM
33
5.1 PROGRAM
#include <TinyGPS++.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
static const int RXPin = 5, TXPin = 4;
static const uint32_t GPSBaud = 9600;
const int rs=12,en=11,d4=5,d6=4,d6=3,d7=2;
TinyGPSPlus gps;
SoftwareSerial ss(RXPin, TXPin);
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
ss.begin(GPSBaud);
lcd.begin();
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
{
Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(1000);
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"\r");
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Theft mode");
delay(100);
Serial.println((char)26);
delay(1000);

34
}
if(Serial.println("AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0")); // AT Command to receive a live
SMS
{
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
}
while (ss.available() > 0)
if (gps.encode(ss.read()))
displayInfo();
if (millis() > 5000 && gps.charsProcessed() < 10)
{
Serial.println(F("No GPS detected: check wiring."));
while(true);
}
}
void displayInfo()
{
Serial.print(F("Location: "));
if (gps.location.isValid())
{
Serial.print(gps.location.lat(), 6);
Serial.print(F(","));
Serial.print(gps.location.lng(), 6);
} else
{
Serial.print(F("INVALID"));
}
Serial.println();
}

35
CHAPTER – 6
SOFTWARE

36
6.1 PCB DESIGN
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically
connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive
tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper
laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.
Components are generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect
and mechanically fasten them to it. Printed circuit boards are used in all but the
simplest electronic products. They are also used in some electrical products,
such as passive switch boxes. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and
point-to-point construction, both once popular but now rarely used. PCBs
require additional design effort to layout the circuit, but manufacturing and
assembly can be automated. Specialized CAD software is available to do much
of the work of layout. Mass-producing circuits with PCBs is cheaper and faster
than with other wiring methods, as components are mounted and wired in one
operation. Large numbers of PCBs can be fabricated at the same time, and the
layout only has to be done once. PCBs can also be made manually in small
quantities, with reduced benefits. PCBs can be single-sided (one copper layer),
double-sided (two copper layers on both sides of one substrate layer), or multi-
layer (outer and inner layers of copper, alternating with layers of substrate).
Multi-layer PCBs allow for much higher component density, because circuit
traces on the inner layers would otherwise take up surface space between
components. The rise in popularity of multilayer PCBs with more than two, and
especially with more than four, copper planes was concurrent with the adoption
of surface mount technology. However, multilayer PCBs make repair, analysis,
and field modification of circuits much more difficult and usually impractical.
A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of
copper foil, laminated to the substrate. Chemical etching divides the copper into
separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit traces, pads for connections,
visa to pass connections between layers of copper, and features such as solid
37
conductive areas for EM shielding or other purposes. The tracks function as
wires fixed in place, and are insulated from each other by air and the board
substrate material. The surface of a PCB may have a coating that protects the
copper from corrosion and reduces the chances of solder shorts between traces
or undesired electrical contact with stray bare wires. For its function in helping
to prevent solder shorts, the coating is called solder resist. A printed circuit
board can have multiple copper layers. A two-layer board has copper on both
sides; boards sandwich additional copper layers between layers of insulating
material. Conductors on different layers are connected with visas, which are
copper-plated holes that function as electrical tunnels through the insulating
substrate. Through-hole component leads sometimes also effectively function as
After two-layer PCBs, the next step up is usually four-layer. Often two layers
are dedicated as power supply and ground planes, and the other two are used for
signal wiring between components.
"Through hole" components are mounted by their wire leads passing
through the board and soldered to traces on the other side. "Surface mount"
components are attached by their leads to copper on the same side of the board.
A board may use both methods for mounting components. PCBs with only
through-hole mounted components are now uncommon. Surface mounting is
used for transistors, diodes, IC chips, resistors and capacitors. Through-hole
mounting may be used for some large components such as electrolytic
capacitors and connectors. The pattern to be etched into each copper layer of a
PCB is called the "artwork". The etching is usually done using is coated onto
the PCB, then exposed to light projected in the pattern of the artwork. The resist
material protects the copper from dissolution into the etching solution. The
etched board is then cleaned.
A PCB design can be mass-reproduced in a way similar to the way
photographs can be mass-duplicated from film negatives using a photographic
printer. In multi-layer boards, the layers of material are laminated together in an

38
alternating sandwich: copper, substrate, copper, substrate, copper, etc.; each
plane of copper is etched, and any internal are plated-through, before the layers
are laminated together. Only the outer layers need be coated; the inner copper
layers are protected by the adjacent substrate layers. FR-4 glass epoxy is the
most common insulating substrate. Another substrate material is cotton paper
impregnated with phenolic resin, often tan or brown.
When a PCB has no components installed, it is less ambiguously called a
printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term "printed
Wiring board" has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic
components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board
assembly or PCB assembly (PCBA). In informal usage, the term "printed circuit
board" most commonly means "printed circuit assembly" (with components).
The IPC preferred term for assembled boards is circuit card assembly (CCA),
and for assembled backplanes it is backplane assemblies. "Card" is another
widely used informal term for a "printed circuit assembly". A PCB may be
"silkscreen" printed with a legend identifying the components, test points, or
identifying text. Originally, an actual silkscreen Printing process was used for
this purpose, but today other, finer quality printing methods are usually used
instead. Normally the screen printing is not significant to the function of the
PCBA. A minimal PCB for a single component, used for prototyping, is called a
breakout board. The purpose of a breakout board is to "break out" the leads of a
component on separate terminals so that manual connections to them can be
made easily. Breakout boards are especially used for surface-mount components
or any components with fine lead pitch.

Figure No 6.1.1 PCB Board Diagram

39
6.2 PCB Board Design
Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photo mask on a
clear Mylar sheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the
schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the Mylar and then
traces were routed to connect the pads. Rub-on dry transfers of common
component footprints increased efficiency. Traces were made with self-adhesive
Tape. Pre-printed non-reproducing grids on the assisted in layout. The finished
was onto a photoresist coating on the blank copper-clad boards. Modern PCBs
are designed with dedicated layout software, generally in the following steps:
1. Schematic capture through an electronic design automation (EDA) tool.
2. Card dimensions and template are decided based on required circuitry and
case of the PCB.
3. The positions of the components and heat sinks are determined.
4. Layer stack of the PCB is decided, with one to tens of layers depending on
complexity. Ground and power planes are decided. A power plane is the
5. Counterpart to a ground plane and behaves as an AC signal ground while
providing DC power to the circuits mounted on the PCB. Signal
interconnections are traced on signal planes. Signal planes can be on the outer
as well as inner layers. For optimal EMI performance high frequency signals are
routed in internal layers between power or ground planes.
6. Line impedance is determined using dielectric layer thickness, routing copper
thickness and trace-width. Trace separation is also taken into account in case of
differential signals. Micro strip, strapline or dual strip line can be used to route
signals.
7. Components are placed. Thermal considerations and geometry are taken into
account. Visa and lands are marked.
8. Signal traces are routed. Electronic design automation tools usually create
clearances and connections in power and ground planes automatically.
9. Gerber files are generated for manufacturing.
40
6.3 PROTEUS DESIGN SUITE
The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used
primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by
electronic design engineers and technicians to create schematics and electronic
prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards. It was developed in Yorkshire,
England by Labcenter Electronics Ltd and is available in English, French,
Spanish and Chinese languages.

Product Modules
The Proteus Design Suite is a Windows application for schematic
capture, simulation, and PCB (Printed Circuit Board) layout design. It can be
purchased in many configurations, depending on the size of designs being
produced and the requirements for microcontroller simulation. All PCB Design
products include an auto router and basic mixed mode SPICE simulation
capabilities.

Schematic Capture
Schematic capture in the Proteus Design Suite is used for both the
simulation of designs and as the design phase of a PCB layout project. It is
therefore a core component and is included with all product configurations.

Microcontroller Simulation
The micro-controller simulation in Proteus works by applying either a hex
file or a debug file to the microcontroller part on the schematic. It is then co-
simulated along with any analog and digital electronics connected to it. This
enables its use in a broad spectrum of project prototyping in areas such as motor
control, temperature control and user interface design. It also finds use in the

41
general hobbyist community and, since no hardware is required, is convenient
to use as a training or teaching tool. Support is available for co-simulation of:
 Microchip Technologies PIC10, PIC12, PIC16, PIC18, PIC24, dsPIC33
Microcontrollers.
 Atmel AVR (and Arduino), 8051 and ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontrollers
 NXP 8051, ARM7, ARM Cortex-M0 and ARM Cortex-M3
Microcontrollers.
 Texas Instruments MSP430, PICCOLO DSP and ARM Cortex-M3
Microcontrollers.
 Parallax Basic Stamp, Freescale HC11, 8086 Microcontrollers.

PCB Design
The PCB Layout module is automatically given connectivity information
in the form of a net list from the schematic capture module. It applies this
information, together with the user specified design rules and various design
automation tools, to assist with error free board design. PCB's of up to 16
copper layers can be produced with design size limited by product
configuration.

3D Verification
The 3D Viewer module allows the board under development to be viewed
in 3D together with a semi-transparent height plane that represents the boards
enclosure. STEP output can then be used to transfer to mechanical CAD
software such as Solid works or Autodesk for accurate mounting and
positioning of the board.

42
6.4 PIC C COMPILE
MPLAB is official software developed by Microchip
for PIC Microcontroller. ... In MPLAB you can work on assembly language as
well but using the C18 compiler you can write your code in C Language.
MPLAB is the most flexible compiler for PIC Microcontroller as you can do
anything in it with you PIC Microcontroller.

6.5 C COMPILER
A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a
particular programming language and turns them into machine language or
"code" that a computer's processor uses. Typically, a programmer writes
language statements in a language such as Pascal or C one line at a time using
an editor.
Software is used for PIC microcontroller PIC Pgm is a PC-Software to
program PIC microcontrollers using external programmer hardware connected
to the PC. It allows to: Program a HEX file into a PIC microcontroller.

PIC Microcontroller Programming

The PIC is a family of the microcontroller, which is manufactured by the
different companies such as NXP, microchip, etc. The PIC stands for
“peripheral interface controller”, which contains memories, timers/counters,
serial communication, interrupts and ADC converters built into a single
integrated chip.

6.6 MPLAB
MPLAB is a proprietary freeware integrated development
environment for the development of embedded applications on PIC and ds
PIC microcontrollers, and is developed by Microchip Technology. MPLAB X is

43
the latest edition of MPLAB, and is developed on the Net Beans platform.
MPLAB and MPLAB X support project management, code editing, debugging
and programming of Microchip 8-bit PIC and AVR (including ATMEGA)
microcontrollers, 16-bit PIC24 and ds PIC microcontrollers, as well as 32-bit
SAM (ARM) and PIC32 (MIPS) microcontrollers.
MPLAB is designed to work with MPLAB-certified devices such as
the MPLAB ICD 3 and MPLAB REAL ICE, for programming and debugging
PIC microcontrollers using a personal computer. PICK it programmers are also
supported by MPLAB.
MPLAB X supports automatic code generation with the MPLAB Code
Configurator and the MPLAB Harmony Configuration plugins.

Figure No .6.6.1 MPLAB Diagram

MPLAB 8.X
MPLAB 8.X is the last version of the legacy MPLAB IDE technology,
custom built by Microchip Technology in Microsoft Visual C++. MPLAB
supports project management, editing, debugging and programming of
Microchip 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit PIC microcontrollers. MPLAB only works
on Microsoft Windows. MPLAB is still available from Microchip's archives,
but is not recommended for new projects.
MPLAB supports the following compilers:
 MPLAB MPASM Assembler
 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler
 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18

44
 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC24 and dsPIC DSCs
 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32
 HI-TECH C

MPLAB X
MPLAB X is the latest version of the MPLAB IDE built by Microchip
Technology, and is based on the open-source NetBeans platform. MPLAB X
supports editing, debugging and programming of Microchip 8-bit, 16-bit and
32-bit PIC microcontrollers.
MPLAB X is the first version of the IDE to include cross-platform
support for Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in addition to Microsoft
Windows.
MPLAB X supports the following compilers:
 MPLAB XC8 — C compiler for 8-bit PIC and AVR devices
 MPLAB XC16 — C compiler for 16-bit PIC devices
 MPLAB XC32 — C/C++ compiler for 32-bit MIPS-based PIC32 and
ARM-based SAM devices
 HI-TECH C — C compiler for 8-bit PIC devices (discontinued)
 SDCC — open-source C compiler

45
CHAPTER – 7
CONCLUSION

46
7.1 CONCLUSION
After testing the system developed, we came to know that ATM
prototype can be efficiently used with fingerprint recognition. Since, password
protection is not bypassed in our system, the fingerprint recognition done after it
yielded fast response and is found to be of ease for use. Fingerprint images
cannot be recreated from templates; hence no one can misuse the system.
LPC2148 and FIM3030 provide low power consumption platform. Speed of
execution can be enhanced with the use of more sophisticated microcontroller.
The same hardware platform can be used with IRIS scanner to put forward
another potential biometric security to the ATMs.

47
 CHAPTER – 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY

48
8.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] S. Prabhakar, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, “Biometric recognition: Security
and privacy concerns,” IEEE Security Privacy Mag., vol. 1, no. 2,pp. 33–42,
2003.
[2] D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, and S. Prabhakar, Handbook of Fingerprint
[3] Recognition. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003.
[4] A. K. Jain, R. Bolle, and S. Pankanti, Eds., Biometrics: Personal
Identificationin Networked Society. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1999.
[5] Moses Okechukwu Onyesolu, Ignatius Majesty Ezeani, “ATM Security
Using Fingerprint Biometric Identifer: An Investigative Study”, (IJACSA)
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 3,
No.4, 2012, pp. 68-72

49
 CHAPTER – 9
PHOTO GRAPHY

50
9.1 PHOTO GRAPHY

Figure No. 9.1 Photography

51
 CHAPTER – 10
PROJECT ESTIMATION
52
 10.1 PROJECT ESTIMATION
S.NO. DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION UNIT COST IN RS.

Resistor 1Kohm, connecting

wires (single lead), capacitors
1 Raw material As Rs. 300
100microfarad, 22 microfarad, required
LED (red)
Microcontroller 01 Rs.210

Camera 01 Rs.750

Standard Items Relay 01 Rs.200

2
GSM module 01 Rs.1,800

Fingerprint 01 Rs.1,300

Motor 01 Rs.800

Keypad 01 Rs.270

3 Machining Cost PCB board 01 Rs.550

4 Design / Typing -- - Rs.500

Work
5 Transport Cost -- - Rs.500

6 Miscellaneous -- - Rs.500

TOTAL COST Rs.7,680

53
ii
 iii

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai - 600025

Government of Tami Nadu

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Report titled “FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of AJAY. G Reg. No. (22308988), AJAY .R Reg. No.
(22308989), AJAY SATHYA.S Reg. No. (22308990), KARTHIKEYAN.M Reg.
No. (22309008), KARTHIKEYAN.R Reg. No. (22309009) who carried out the
work under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the
work reported here in does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.

Signature of the Guide with date Signature of the HOD with date
Mr.RAJU.B M.E., P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,
ii
 iii

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai - 600025

Government of Tami Nadu

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Report titled “FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of AJAY SATHYA.S Reg. No. (22308990) who carried out
the work under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the
work reported here in does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.

Signature of the Guide with date Signature of the HOD with date
Mr.RAJU.B M.E., P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,
ii
 iii

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai - 600025

Government of Tami Nadu

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Report titled “FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of AJAY .R Reg. No. (22308989) who carried out the work
under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work
reported here in does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.

Signature of the Guide with date Signature of the HOD with date
Mr.RAJU.B M.E., P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,
ii
 iii

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai - 600025

Government of Tami Nadu

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Report titled “FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of KARTHIKEYAN.M Reg. No. (22309008) who carried out
the work under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the
work reported here in does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.

Signature of the Guide with date Signature of the HOD with date
Mr.RAJU.B M.E., P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,
ii
 iii

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai - 600025

Government of Tami Nadu

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Report titled “FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of KARTHIKEYAN.R Reg. No. (22309009) who carried out
the work under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the
work reported here in does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.

Signature of the Guide with date Signature of the HOD with date
Mr.RAJU.B M.E., P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,
ii
 iii

Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai - 600025

Government of Tami Nadu

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Report titled “FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of AJAY. G Reg. No. (22308988) who carried out the work
under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work
reported here in does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.

Signature of the Guide with date Signature of the HOD with date
Mr.RAJU.B M.E., P. THIRUMOORTHY M.E.,