Sol-Air: Solar Fan with Multi-functional Features Integrating Flashlight,
Charging, and Temperature Sensor
Bjorn Jennings Bang-Otan, Luke Gerard Cruz, Jaelem Carlo Padilla, Jansen Mae Balilis, Den Kyla Dacasin,
Asia May Estipona, Vhailette Criscel Ng
University of the Cordilleras, Senior High School
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the increasing global concern
about climate change and the urgent need for
sustainable energy solutions in the face of climate
change has driven the development and adoption of
renewable energy technologies (Department of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2003).
The use of renewable energy sources has also made a
great impact in decarbonizing the power sector and is
a leading promising pathway of fighting against
climate change (Sinsel et al, 2020;Wolniak &
Skotnicka-Zasadzień, 2022).
Solar energy has emerged as a prominent option due
to its abundance, sustainability, and environmental
benefits. It is believed that solar energy can make a
substantial contribution in addressing the current
difficulties in energy as fossil fuel availability is
decreasing due to overuse and its contribution to the
depletion of the ozone layer (Höök & Tang, 2013 ).
Solar energy also currently represents the most
abundant, inexhaustible, non-polluting free energy
resource that could be used economically to supply
man’s increasing energy demand (Nasir, 2004).
Solar-powered devices provide renewable and
sustainable energy use and promote green energy.
They also have an important role in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate
change. Solar-powered devices, such as solar fans,
offer a practical and eco-friendly solution to
combat heat while reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. ”Highly efficient solar powered
ceiling fans improve thermal comfort and
potentially provide health
benefits when air conditioning or conventional ceiling
fans are not available,...” (Lubliner et al., 2004). “Fans
may be an effective cooling device for those without air
conditioning during hot and humid periods,” (Ravanelli
et al., 2015). Thus ceiling fans provide a cooling breeze
that can help to bring down the temperature inside a
room by circulating the air inside the room. This is also
supported by a study published
on February 17, 2015, issue of JAMA, which
demonstrated that electric fans can prevent heat-
related elevations in heart rate and core body
temperature (JAMA - Journal of the American
Medical Association, 2015). However, increased air
velocities in hot and dry climates, such as desserts,
can cause overheating (Lubliner et al., 2004).
Aside from the fan, it also comes with a charging
station and emergency light that can be utilized during
and after calamities. Post-disaster solarhome system has
been considered as a coping mechanism against natural
disaster-induced power outages (Amin et al., 2021). The
integration of the charging station enables users to
conveniently charge their electronic devices, such as
smartphones, rechargeable radios, and portable
flashlights, using thesolar energy harvested by the fan
system (Kumar & Rajan, 2014). This feature proves
invaluable, especially in areas where access to reliable
electricity is limited (Kumar & Rajan, 2014). Moreover,
the inclusion of a flashlight in the system provides users
with a reliable source of illumination, enhancing the
overall usability and practicality of the device. The idea
of incorporating a flashlight into the solar- powered fan
system was inspired by the paper of Bastian et al.
(2018), who developed a portable solar charging lamp
suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. However, in
this study, the solar lamp will be integrated into the
device, making it specifically designed for indoor use.
This modification eliminates the portability aspect of the
lamp but allows for a more streamlined and integrated
design that optimizesfunctionality and convenience
within indoor settings. Besides these features, it will
also come with an automatic temperature sensor. This
temperature control system will allow the product to
activate according to temperature changes (Rizman et
al., 2013). This system will also allow the product to
saveexcess energy by automatically turning on or off
depending on the set temperature (Najibullah et al.,
2019). Furthermore, this study will use a LM35
temperature sensor inspired by the research study of
(Yadav, 2021). All the systems will be powered by a
battery that is charged during the day making its
use in the night possible.
Solar energy can replace about 80% of the
energy needed to heat indoor spaces and water —
thisreduction can help mitigate climate change in a
meaningful way (ECOFLOW, 2023). It might be
costly in the initial installation, but it will turn out to
be cheaper in the long run as it does not use power
from the utility grid and may even help you save
money from the electricity bill.
The replacement of fossil fuels with renewable
energy sources is one of the most important challenges
in the development of economies around the world
(Wolniak & Skotnicka-Zasadzień, 2022). Additionally,
air conditioners emit greenhouse gasses and it is
responsible for the equivalent of 1.950 million tons of
carbon dioxide released annually as calculated by
researchers (Lubliner et al., 2004 ; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 2022). By decreasing the use of
fossil fuels, solar power helps reduce the amount of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released
into the atmosphere. This makes the solar fan more
environmentally friendly as it reduces your carbon
emission.
The research studies conducted in this field were
concentrated in the design and development of
asolar energy-based portable fan, highlighting the
importance of efficient energy conversion and
storagefor optimal performance. It explored the
design and implementation of a solar-powered
portable fan for indoor applications, considering
factors such as fan speed control and energy
management.
By building upon the findings of previous studies,
this research aims to design and develop an
innovative solar-powered fan system with a charging
station and flashlight. The proposed system will
address the need for a portable and versatile device
that can provide cooling, lighting, and the ability to
charge electronic devices and detect temperature, all
powered by solar energy.
Through this research, we aim to contribute tothe
advancement of sustainable and energy-efficient
technologies, with the potential to improve the
qualityof life for individuals in off-grid or resource-
constrained areas. By harnessing the power of the
sun, this solar-powered fan system can provide
reliable cooling, illumination, and charging
capabilities, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and
traditional power sources.
This project can be a great help, especially during
thunderstorms, earthquakes, and other calamities that
may cause a power outage as it has a charging station
using solar panels as the source of energy. This
project will also help individuals to have a renewable
power source that they can use to recharge their
important devices, such as phones and rechargeable
radios, as well as save some money on their
electricity bill
Research Objectives
This study aims to build/create a cost-
saving solar fan with integrated charging, flashlight,
and temperature sensor.
Specifically, the study aims to address the
following key research questions:
1. How does the Solar Fan perform in terms
of air circulation and cooling, considering
factors such as airflow rate, coverage area,
and cooling effect?
2. How reliable and efficient is the integrated
flashlight and charging feature of the Solar
Fan, specifically in terms of charging speed
and the quality of lighting it provides?
3. How accurate and responsive is the
temperature sensor system integrated into the
Solar Fan in monitoring ambient temperature?
Significance of the Study
The study was highly significant as it holds
importance within the field of sustainable energy and
technological advancements. By combining the
functionalities of a fan, charging station, flashlight, and
temperature sensor into a single device powered by solar
energy, this research aims to provide a versatile and eco-
friendly solution for various settings, including off-grid
areas and emergency situations. The integration of a
charging station allows users to conveniently charge
their electronic devices, such as smartphones and
portable lights, using the renewable energy harvested by
the fan system. Additionally, the inclusion of a flashlight
ensures a reliable source of illumination during power
outages or outdoor activities. Furthermore, the inclusion
of temperature sensors helps regulate the fan's operation
based on the ambient temperature, ensuring efficient
cooling and maximizing the utilization of solar energy.
The study contributes to the promotion of renewable
energy utilization, reducing dependence on traditional
power sources and mitigating environmental impacts.
Furthermore, it addresses the practical needs of
individuals in resource-constrained areas by providing
essential cooling, lighting, and charging
functionalities. By exploring and enhancing the
efficiency of solar-powered fan systems, this research
has the potential to significantly improve energy
utilization, enhance living conditions, and foster
sustainable practices. This study represents a
valuable contribution to the field of sustainable
energy and technological advancements namely:
Environmental Sustainability: By harnessing solar
energy, the research aims to develop a sustainable
and eco-friendly solution for cooling, lighting, and
charging needs. The study promotes the use of
renewable energy sources, reducing reliance on fossil
fuels and minimizing carbon emissions.
Off-grid and Remote Areas: The research targets off-
grid and remote areas with limited access to electricity.
The solar-powered fan with a charging station and
flashlight can offer a reliable power source for cooling,
illumination, and charging electronic devices, enhancing
the quality of life in such regions.
Emergency Preparedness: The integration of a
flashlight and charging station in the solar fan system
provides a valuable resource during emergencies or
power outages. It offers users a backup lighting source
and the ability to charge essential electronic devices,
ensuring connectivity and safety in critical situations.
Potential Health Benefits: The inclusion of a
temperature sensor in the solar fan can provide
insights into ambient temperature conditions. This
information can be useful in identifying potential
health risks associated with extreme temperatures,
such as heatstroke or hypothermia. By monitoring
and adjusting the fan's operation based on
temperature data, this study aims to promote a
healthier and more comfortable living environment.
Enhanced Portability and Versatility: The
incorporation of multi-functional features, such as a
flashlight, charging capabilities, and a temperature
sensor, adds value and enhances the versatility of the
solar fan. This study aims to create a compact and
portable device that can serve multiple purposes,
making it suitable for a range of applications including
emergency situations, and areas with limited access to
electricity.
Technology Advancement and Innovation: The
development of a solar fan with multi-functional
features represents a step forward in technological
innovation. This research study contributes to the
advancement of renewable energy utilization,
energy-efficient cooling solutions, and the
integration of multiple functions into a single device.
The findings of this study can potentially inspire
further research and development in the field of
renewable energy-based appliances.
Socio-Economic Impact: The research has the
potential to positively impact individuals and
communities in resource-constrained areas. Providing
a cost-effective and sustainable solution for cooling,
lighting, and charging needs, can improve the
socioeconomic conditions and enhance the overall
well-being of the target population.
Research and Innovation: The study builds upon
existing research and innovation in the field of solar-
powered devices. It aims to expand knowledge and
understanding of solar technology applications,
contributing to the development of more efficient,
reliable, and accessible solar-powered solution
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research study aims to build a solar fan with
multifunctional features integrating a flashlight,
charging capabilities, and a temperature sensor. The
making of this study was adapted from the 2013 study
conducted by Rizman et al.; 2019 study by Najibullah et
al. (automatic temperature control system), 2012 study
by Shah et al.(solar lamp with the integration of dc
ceiling fan), and the 2018 study of Bastian et al. (thin
film solar cell emergency lamp).
The study was conducted at one of the researcher's
residences to ensure a controlled and convenient
environment for the experimental process. The
research process involved several key steps, including
design thinking to conceptualize the product,
gathering the necessary materials, and constructing
the solar fan with multifunctional features.
Additionally, extensive testing and calibration were
performed to further ensure the functionality and
accuracy of the device.
Research Materials
The researchers gathered the following resources in
order to conduct the experiment: a. solar panel with a
capacity of 450 watts was acquired for harnessing solar
energy; b. 12-inch propeller-type fan blade was chosen
for efficient air circulation; c.12V DC Brushless motor
was selected to provide the necessary power for the fan;
d. COB LED light/lamp with a power output of 20 watts
was utilized to provide illumination; e. MPPT
(Maximum Power Point Tracking) charge
 controller was employed to optimize the charging
efficiency of the solar panel; f. USB A-type charging
port was integrated to facilitate the charging of
external devices; g. LM35 Temperature sensor was
utilized to monitor the ambient temperature and
trigger the fan when needed; h. Arduino Uno MC4 Solar Insulated 12V DC
microcontroller was employed to control and process
the temperature sensor data; i. 12 Volts lithium-ion Connectors Wires Circuit Breaker
battery with a capacity of 300 AH was used to store
the excess electricity generated by the solar panels.; j.
MC4 Solar connectors and insulated wires were used
to establish secure connections between the
components; k.12V DC circuit breaker was
implemented as a protective measure for the electrical Push On/Off 1.5 Mm Thick Metal
system; l. push-on/off button was employed for user- Button Aluminum Cellphone
friendly control of the fan and light; m. 1.5 mm thick Alloy Holder
aluminum alloy for the housing of the product,
providing durability and protection for the internal
components: n.Cellphone holder to securely hold the
phone while it charges, keeping it conveniently within
sight and easily accessible; o.strong adhesives or metal
glue were used to install the cellphone holder.

The product development and sampling phase Strong Adhesives or

Metal Glue
occurred in June 2023, conducted within the premises
of one of the researchers' residences.

450 watts 12-inch 12-V DC

Solar Panel Propeller Brushless
Fan Blade Motor

20-Watts Maximum Power USB A-Type

COB LED Point Tracking Charging
Light/lamp Charge Controller Port

LM35 (MCU) Arduino 12 V Lithium-Ion

Temperature Uno Battery with
sensor Microcontroller capacity of 300 AH
Research Methods
1. Component Selection
In the process of creating the product, the
researchers carefully gathered and selected specific
materials based on their functionality and
compatibility. These materials include:
1.1 Solar Panel
Researchers choose a suitable solar panel based on the
desired power output and dimensions. Consider
factors such as efficiency, voltage, and current rating,
while ensuring compatibility with the fan and
charging requirements.
1.2. Fan
Researchers select a DC fan with appropriate airflow
capacity and power consumption to suit the desired
cooling performance. Consider factors such as
voltage, current, and noise levels, while ensuring
compatibility with the power output of the solar panel.
1.3. Battery
Researchers choose a rechargeable battery with
sufficient capacity to store energy from the solar panel
for powering the fan, charging function, and
flashlight. Consider factors such as voltage, capacity,
and type (e.g., lithium-ion) to meet the energy storage
requirements.
1.4. Flashlight
Researchers select a LED flashlight module that can
be powered by a solar panel and battery. Consider
factors such as brightness, beam distance, and power
consumption to ensure efficient operation.
1.5. Temperature Sensor
Researchers choose a suitable temperature sensor that
can measure ambient temperature accurately. Consider
factors such as sensor type (e.g., thermistor), accuracy,
and range to meet the desired monitoring capabilities.
Product Development
The researchers begin by designing the housing,
determining the dimensions and shape based on
component sizes and desired aesthetics. They
construct the housing using 1.5 mm thick aluminum
alloy, ensuring durability and protection for the
internal components.
Next, the researchers securely mount the 450-watt solar
panel onto the housing using appropriate brackets or
hardware, positioning it to maximize sunlight exposure
for efficient charging. They connect the solar panel to
the MPPT charge controller using MC4 solar connectors
and insulated wires, following the
manufacturer's instructions.
The researchers then wire the MPPT charge controller
to the 12-volt lithium-ion battery with a capacity of
300 AH, ensuring proper polarity and secure
connections. They install a 12V DC circuit breaker in
the circuit between the battery and other components
to protect the electrical system.
Attaching the 12-inch propeller-type fan blade to the
12V DC brushless motor, the researchers connect it to
the power output of the MPPT charge controller,
ensuring a secure and efficient coupling.
They proceed to wire the COB LED light/lamp with a
power output of 20 watts to the power output of the
MPPT charge controller. Proper wiring and mounting
are done to provide efficient illumination.
The LM35 temperature sensor is connected to the
Arduino Uno microcontroller as per the manufacturer's
instructions. The researchers write a program in the
appropriate language to control and process the
temperature sensor data, setting up the desired
temperature threshold to trigger the fan when needed.
Integrating a USB A-type charging port in a suitable
location on the housing, the researchers connect it to
the power output of the MPPT charge controller. This
allows the convenient charging of external devices.
They mount the push-on/off button in a user-friendly
position on the housing, connecting it to the Arduino
Uno microcontroller for easy control of the fan and
light operations.
Finally, the researchers securely attach the cellphone
holder to the housing using strong adhesives or metal
glue, ensuring it is positioned conveniently within
sight and easily accessible for charging purposes.
Testing and Calibration
The researcher then now Verifies the functionality of
each component individually and tests the integrated
system to ensure proper operation of the solar fan,
charging function, flashlight, and temperature sensing.
Additionally, they measured the power output of the
solar panel under various lighting conditions to
determine its effectiveness in charging the battery.
Furthermore, they evaluate the fan's cooling performance
and the flashlight's brightness and runtime to ensure they
meet the desired specifications and calibrate the
temperature sensor to provide accurate temperature
readings and must compare its measurements with a
reliable thermometer for reference and make adjustments
if necessary.
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