I.

ABSTRACTION
1.2 Evaluating Statement Calculus
Statements are evaluated depending on what truth value is known for the statements. The result whether the
statement calculus is evaluated true or false is based on the rules of the compound propositions that is as
follows:

a. Substitution Method
Evaluating statement method is done in the following steps.

Step 1: Translate the statements into symbolic form.

Step 2: Substitute the given truth values of each component proposition.
Step 3: Evaluate.

For example, given the propositions:

A : Ms. Philippines did her best.
B : She did not make it to the Ms. Universe 2022’s Top 16.
C : The Filipinos are still proud of her.

evaluate statement the statement,

If Ms. Philippines did her best but did not make it to the Ms.
Universe 2023’s Top 16 then the Filipinos are still proud of her.

Following the steps:

Step 1: Translate the statements into symbolic form.

(A  B)  C

Step 2: Substitute the given truth values of each component proposition. Given all proposition is
true.
(T  T)  T

Step 3: Evaluate.
(T  T)  T = T

Given that an implication is only false when the premise is true but the conclusion is false, the
statement where all the component proposition is true is hence, true.

b. Truth Table Analysis

Evaluating the statement calculus using Truth Table Analysis is done through the following
steps:

Step 1: List the variables in order of appearance from left to right.

Step 2: Assign values to the variables representing the propositions (each is 2x) from right to left.
 Step 3: Take the sum of all values of each variable based on 2 x to know how many possible
combinations. For example, 4, 2, 1 when summed is equal to 7 hence – 8 combinations
of truth values from 7 down to 0.
Step 4: Assign combinations per line based on values derived per variable.
Step 5: Evaluate beginning from the innermost connectives or use the PRECEDENCE Rule.

For example, given the propositions:

A : Ms. Philippines did her best.
B : She did not make it to the Ms. Universe 2022’s Top 16.
C : The Filipinos are still proud of her.

evaluate statement the statement,

If Ms. Philippines did her best but did not make it to the Ms.
Universe 2023’s Top 16 then the Filipinos are still proud of her.

Truth table analysis will require the symbolic form.

(A  B)  C
Following the steps.
Step 1: List the variables in order of appearance from left to right.

A B C
Step 2: Assign values to the variables representing the propositions (each is 2x) from right to left.

22 21 20
A B C
Step 3: Take the sum of all values of each variable based on 2 x to know how many possible
combinations. For example, 4, 2, 1 when summed is equal to 7 hence – 8 combinations
of truth values from 7 down to 0.

22 = 4 21= 2 20 = 1
A B C

And so, 4+2+1 = 7 – hence, 8 combinations valuing 0 to 7

Step 4: Assign combinations per line based on values derived per variable.

22 = 4 21= 2 20 = 1
A B C
7 T T T
6 T T F
5 T F T
4 T F F
3 F T T
2 F T F
1 F F T
0 F F F
 Step 5: Evaluate beginning from the innermost connectives or use the PRECEDENCE Rule.

22 = 4 21= 2 20 = 1
A B C (A  B) (A  B)  C
7 T T T T T
6 T T F T T
5 T F T F F
4 T F F F T
3 F T T F F
2 F T F F T
1 F F T F F
0 F F F F T

II. UTILIZATION OF LEARNING

Direction: Answer the following items, then upload the photo/image or pdf file of your answer sheet to
https://forms.gle/DxiEXbEqwed4g96b7. Submit on or before Monday, January 29, 2024, 4:00PM.

A. Given A=F, B=T, C=T; evaluate B. Evaluate the expression [(B

the following expressions.  C)  A ]  [ A  ( B  C)] using truth table analysis.
1. A → C = __________
2. B → ¬C = __________ [( B ꓦ C ) ꓦ A ] → [ A ꓦ ( B ꓦ C ) ]
3. (B → ¬C) ↔ A = __________
4. (B ꓥ C) → C = __________
5. ¬A = = __________
6. ¬ (B ꓥ A) = __________
7. ¬(¬A ꓥ A) = __________
8. ¬B ꓦ ¬C = __________
9. ( A ꓥ B) ↔ ( A ꓥ C) = __________
10. ¬[(B ꓦ ¬B) → (A ꓦ ¬A)] = ____
11. (¬B ꓥ B) → (A ꓦ ¬A) = _______
12. B ꓦ ¬A = __________
13. A ꓦ ¬B = __________
14. (C ꓦ ¬C) ꓦ ¬B) = __________
15. (¬A ꓦ C) → (¬A ꓦ B) =
__________