SHS

Basic Calculus
Quarter 4: Week 7 - Module 15
Computing the Definite Integral of a
Function Using the Substitution Rule
Basic Calculus
Module 15: Computing the Definite Integral of a Function Using the
Substitution Rule

First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Pamela O. Gutierrez, MT-II

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

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Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Target

Computing the definite integral of a function using the substitution rule

requires understanding on the basic anti-differentiation formulas and knowledge
on evaluating definite integral.

In your previous lesson, you are done with applying the anti-differentiation
formulas in computing the general antiderivative of polynomial, radical,
exponential, and trigonometric functions. You are also done computing the definite
integral of a function using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

This module will provide you with information and activities that will help
you understand how to compute the definite integral of a function using the
substitution rule.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compute the definite integral of a function using the substitution rule
(STEM_BC11I-IVi-2).

Module Computing the Definite Integral of a

15 Function Using the Substitution
Rule

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the
pretest below in a separate sheet of paper.

Directions: Read carefully each item. Use a separate sheet for your answers. Write
only the letter of the best answer for each test item.

For numbers 1 – 5, refer to the problem below:

2 2𝑥
Compute the definite integral ∫1 𝑑𝑥 using the Substitution Rule.
(1+𝑥 2 )3
1. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?
A. 3 B. 2x C. 1 + x2 D. (1 + x2)3

2. What is the value of du in the given problem?

A. dx B. 2 dx C. 3 dx D. 2x dx

3. What is the new lower bound of integration?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5
 4. What is the new upper bound of integration?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5
5. What is the final answer of the given problem?
12 21 12 21
A. B. C. D.
100 100 200 200

For numbers 6 – 10, refer to the problem below:

√𝜋
Compute the definite integral ∫0 𝑥 sin(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 using the Substitution Rule.
6. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?
A. x B. x2 C. sin x D. sin x2

7. What is the value of du in the given problem?

A. dx B. 2 dx C. 2x dx D. cos x dx

8. What is the new lower bound of integration?

A. 0 B. √𝜋 C. 𝜋 D. 1

9. What is the new upper bound of integration?

A. 0 B. √𝜋 C. 𝜋 D. 1

10. What is the final answer of the given problem?

A. 0 B. – 1 C. ½ D. 1

For numbers 11 – 15, refer to the problem below:

4
Compute the definite integral ∫0 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 9 𝑑𝑥 using the Substitution Rule.

11. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?

A. 9 B. x C. x2 D. x2 + 9

12. What is the value of du in the given problem?

A. dx B. 2 dx C. 9 dx D. 2x dx

13. What is the new lower bound of integration?

A. 0 B. 4 C. 9 D. 25

14. What is the new upper bound of integration?

A. 0 B. 4 C. 9 D. 25

15. What is the final answer of the given problem?

3 98
𝐴. B. C. 3 D. 98
98 3
 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities.

Have fun and good luck!

Activity 1: Do You Still Remember Me?

Directions: Evaluate the definite integral by matching the definite integral

in Column A with their correct answers in Column B. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

2
1. ∫−2 (𝑥 3 − 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 A. 29

1
2. ∫3 (3𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥 B. 6

4
3. ∫1 (2𝑥 − 3√𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 C. 26

2
4. ∫−1 4𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 D. 2

3
5. ∫2 (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 E. 18

2
6. ∫1 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 F. 0

2 12𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 +4𝑥

7. ∫0 𝑑𝑥 G. – 8
2𝑥

9 1
8. ∫4 𝑑𝑥 H. 1
√𝑥
 Discover

The substitution rule was already used in evaluating indefinite integrals.

This rule can also be used to evaluate some definite integrals.

There are two methods in computing the definite integral of a function using
the substitution rule:

Method 1:

We first consider the definite integral as an indefinite integral and apply the
substitution technique. The answer (antiderivative of the function) is expressed in
terms of the original variable and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTOC) is
applied using the limits of integration x = a and x = b.

3
For example, if we want to integrate ∫1 (𝑥 − 2)54 𝑑𝑥 , we first apply the substitution
technique to the indefinite integral using the substitution u = x – 2 and express the
antiderivative in terms of x :

1
∫(𝑥 − 2)54 𝑑𝑥 = 55
(𝑥 − 2)55 + 𝐶.

We apply the FTOC using the original limits of integration x= 1 and x = 3, so we

have
3
1 3 1 1
∫ (𝑥 − 2)54 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 − 2)55 + 𝐶 | = (3 − 2)55 − (1 − 2)55
1 55 1 55 55
1 1 𝟐
= (1)55 − (−1)55 =
55 55 𝟓𝟓

Note that for definite integrals, we can omit the constant of integration C in the
antiderivative since this will cancel when we evaluate at the limits of integration.

Method 2:

In the second method, the substitution is applied directly to the definite integral
and the limits or bounds of integration are also changed according to the
substitution applied. How is this done? If the substitution u = g(x) is applied, then
the limits of integration x = a and x = b are changed to g(a) and g(b), respectively.
The FTOC is then applied to the definite integral where the integrand is a function
of u and using the new limits of integration u = g(a) and u = g(b).

3 54
To illustrate this method, let us consider the same definite integral ∫1 (𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥.
Applying the substitution technique, we let u = (x – 2) so du = dx . For the limits of
integration in the given definite integral, these are changed in accordance to the
substitution u = x – 2.
 If x = 1, then u = x – 2 = 1 – 2 = – 1 and if x = 3 then u = x – 2 = 3 – 2 = 1.

We then apply the FTOC to the definite integral involving the new variable u
yielding:

3 1
∫ (𝑥 − 2)54 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢55 𝑑𝑢
1 −1

𝑢55 1
= +𝐶|
55 −1

(1)55 (−1)55 𝟐
= − =
55 55 𝟓𝟓

Let us summarize:

In applying the substitution technique of integration to the definite integral

𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥,

the integrand “f(x) dx” is replaced by an expression in terms of u where u is a

function of x, say u = g(x) which implies du = g’(x) dx. The antiderivative, say F(u)
is thus expressed as a function of u.

In the first method, the variable u is then expressed in terms of x, giving the
antiderivative F(g(x)) and this is evaluated with the original bounds x = a and x = b.

In the second method, we proceed with the substitution as above and the new
bounds are computed through the same equation used to perform the substitution.
Thus, if u = g(x), then the new bounds are

u = g(a) and u = g(b)

and the definite integral is now expressed as

𝑏 𝑔(𝑏)
′(
∫ 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 ))𝑔 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 .
𝑎 𝑔(𝑎)

This is known as the Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals (SRDI).

 2
Example 1: Compute ∫0 (2𝑥 − 1)3 𝑑𝑥

Solution. Method 1:

Let u = 2x – 1. It follows that du = 2 dx . Hence, dx = ½ du. Evaluating the

definite integral, we have

1
∫(2𝑥 − 1)3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢3 ∙ 2
𝑑𝑢

1
= ∫ 2 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢

1
=
2
∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢

1 𝑢4
= ∙ +𝐶
2 4

1
= 𝑢4 + 𝐶
8

1
= (2𝑥 − 1)4 + 𝐶.
8
So, by FTOC,

(2𝑥 − 1)4 |2
2 1
∫0 (2𝑥 − 1 )3 𝑑𝑥 =
8 0
1 1
= [2(2) − 1]4 − [2(0) − 1]4
8 8

1 1
= (4 − 1)4 − (0 − 1)4
8 8

1 1 1 1
=
8
(3)4 − 8
(−1)4 = 8
(81) −
8
(1)

81 1 80
= − = = 𝟏𝟎
8 8 8

Solution. Method 2:

Let u = 2x – 1, and so du = 2 dx . Hence, dx = ½ du. The bounds are then

transformed as follows:

If x = 0, then u = 2x – 1 = 2 (0) – 1 = 0 – 1 = – 1.

If x = 2, then u = 2x – 1 = 2 (2) – 1 = 4 – 1 = 3.
The substitution yields the transformed definite integral

3
1
∫ 𝑢3 ∙ 𝑑𝑢
−1 2

Evaluating the above definite integral,

3 1 3 1
∫−1 𝑢3 ∙ 2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫−1 2 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢

1 3
= ∫−1 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
2

1 1 3
= ∙ 𝑢4 |−1
2 4

1 3
= 𝑢4 |−1
8

1 1 1 1
= (3)4 − (−1)4 = (81) − (1)
8 8 8 8

81 1 80
= − = = 𝟏𝟎
8 8 8

−1
Example 2: Compute ∫−2 √2 − 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

1
Let u = 2 – 7x. It follows that du = – 7 dx . Hence, dx = − du. For the transformed
7
bounds:

If x = – 2, then u = 2 – 7x = 2 – 7(–2) = 2 + 14 = 16.

If x = – 1, then u = 2 – 7x = 2 – 7(–1) = 2 + 7 = 9.

The substitution yields the transformed definite integral

9 1 9 1
∫16 √𝑢 ∙ − 7
𝑑𝑢 = ∫16 𝑢1/2 ∙ − 7 𝑑𝑢

1 9
= − ∫16 𝑢1/2 𝑑𝑢
7

1 16
= ∫9 𝑢1/2 𝑑𝑢 .
7

Hence, we have
 −1 1 16
∫−2 √2 − 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫9 𝑢1/2 𝑑𝑢
7

1 2
= ∙ 𝑢3/2|16
9
7 3

2
= 𝑢3/2 |16
9
21

2 2
= (16)3/2 − (9)3/2
21 21

2 1 2 1
= (162 )3 − (92 )3
21 21

2 2 2 2
= (4)3 − (3)3 = (64) − (27)
21 21 21 21

128 54 𝟕𝟒 𝟏𝟏
= − = 𝑜𝑟 𝟑
21 21 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏

2 9𝑥 2
Example 3: Compute ∫0 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 3 +1)3/2

Solution:

Let u = x3 + 1. Then du = 3x2 dx and 9x2dx = 3du. For the transformed bounds:

If x = 0 , then u = x3 + 1 = (0)3 + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1.

If x = 2, then u = x3 + 1 = (2)3 + 1 = 8 + 1 = 9.

The substitution yields the transformed definite integral

2 9𝑥 2 9 3
∫0 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑑𝑢
(𝑥 3 +1)3/2 𝑢3/2

9
= ∫1 3𝑢−3/2 𝑑𝑢

3 3 −2
= 𝑢−1/2 |91 = ∙ 𝑢−1/2 |91
−1/2 1 1

−12 −1/2
= −6 𝑢−1/2|91 = (−6) (9) − (−6)(1)
1 1
= (−6) ∙ − (−6)
91/2 11/2

1
= (−6) ∙ + (6) ∙ 1 = −2 + 6 = 𝟒
3
 𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
Example 4: Compute ∫𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( ) cos( ) 𝑑𝑥
3 2 2

Solution:

𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥
Let u = sin ( ) This implies that du = cos( )dx or 2 du = cos( ) dx For the
2 2 2 2
transformed bounds:
π
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 1 𝜋 180° 𝟏
If x = , then u = sin = sin( 3
) = sin ∙ = sin( ) = sin = sin 30° =
3 2 2 3 2 6 6 𝟐

𝑥 𝜋 180°
If x = 𝜋, then u = sin = sin( ) = sin = sin 90° = 1.
2 2 2

The substitution yields the transformed definite integral

𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 1
∫𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (2) cos(2) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑢2 ∙ 2 𝑑𝑢
3 2

1
= ∫1 2 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
2

2 1
= 𝑢3 | 1
3 2

2 2 1
= (1)3 − ( )3
3 3 2

2 2 1 2 2
= (1) − ( ) = −
3 3 8 3 24

8 (2)−1 (2)
=
24

16−2 14 𝟕
= = =
24 24 𝟏𝟐
 Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Enrichment Activity 1: Complete Me!

A. Directions: Complete the table by computing the definite integral of the

following functions using the Substitution Rule Method 1. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

Definite Integral Value of u Value of du Final Answer

2
1. ∫0 (4𝑥 3
+ 1) 4 𝑑𝑥
4x + 1 4 dx 1,640
2
2. ∫1 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥

2
3. ∫0 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 4)2 𝑑𝑥

4
4. ∫0 4𝑥√16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

B. Directions: Complete the table by computing the definite integral of the

following functions using the Substitution Rule Method 2. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

Definite Integral Value of Value of New New Final

u du lower upper Answer
bound bound
1 8𝑥
5. ∫0 𝑑𝑥
(4𝑥 2 +2)2 4x2 + 2 8x dx 2 6 1
3
𝜋
sin 2𝑥
6. ∫06 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥

1
7. ∫−2(𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥

1 3
8. ∫0 14 √1 + 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Great job! You have understood the lesson.

Are you now ready to summarize?
 Deepen

At this point, you are expected to demonstrate your competence in computing a

function using the Substitution Rule by showing your step-by-step and detailed
solution.

Present your solution and answers creatively in a short bond paper. The scoring
rubric on the next page will be used in assessing your performance.

√5
Problem # 1: Compute ∫2 𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 − 4)3 𝑑𝑥

Solution. Method 1:
Solution. Method 2:

2
Problem # 2: Compute ∫1 (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5)2 (6𝑥 − 4) 𝑑𝑥

Solution. Method 1:
Solution. Method 2:

𝜋
Problem # 3: Compute ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4

Solution. Method 1:
Solution. Method 2:

What you need

Short bond paper, colored paper, cut-outs, stickers, crayons/ markers,
scissors, pencil, paste, and recycled materials for decoration.

What you have to do

1. Draft and finalize your complete solution on a sheet of paper.
2. Prepare your materials in making a creative output in a short bond
paper. Use minimal design and appropriate, aesthetic decorations in your
output.
3. Rewrite or attach the problem, solutions, and answers in the short bond
paper.
 Rubrics for Scoring the Output

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
Content is Content is Content is Content is Content is
accurate accurate accurate questionabl inaccurate
and but some but e and and
informa- informa- information information informa-
Content tion is tion is not is not is not tion is not
(x2) presented presented presented presented presented
in a logical
in a logical in a logical in a logical in a logical
order. order, but order, order, order,
is still making it making it making it
generally difficult to difficult to difficult to
easy to follow. follow. follow.
follow.
Demonstra Demonstra Demonstra- Demonstra- Demonstra-
Process -te an -te a clear te a general te a limited te little or
and excellent knowledge knowledge knowledge no
Strategies knowledge and and and knowledge
or
and application application application
application
application of math of math of math
of math
of math skills skills skills skills
skills
Presenta- Art Some art Art No art
tion materials materials materials materials
Presentation
reflects used used to are not used.
extensive correctly. show used in
use of art Overall acceptable relevant
materials presenta- understand manner.
in a tion is -ing.
creative interesting
way. .
Score /20

Well done! You have just finished the different activities for this lesson.
Be ready with the final assessment. Good luck!
 Gauge

Directions: Read carefully each item. Use a separate sheet for your
answers. Write only the letter of the best answer for each item.

For numbers 1 – 5, refer to the problem below:

4 1
Compute the definite integral ∫3 𝑑𝑥 using the Substitution Rule.
(3𝑥−7)2

1. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?

A. 1 B. 3x C. 3x - 7 D. (3x – 7)2

2. What is the value of du in the given problem?

A. dx B. 2 dx C. 3 dx D. 3x dx

3. What is the new lower bound of integration?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

4. What is the new upper bound of integration?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

5. What is the final answer of the given problem?

1 1
𝐴. 1 B. C. D. 10
10 100

For numbers 6 – 10, refer to the problem below:

𝜋
Compute the definite integral ∫ 4𝜋 cos 𝑥 cos(sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 using the Substitution Rule.
−
4

6. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?

A. cos x B. sin x C. cos (sin x) D. cos x sin x

7. What is the value of du in the given problem?

A. dx B. sin x dx C. cos x dx D. – cos x dx

8. What is the new lower bound of integration?

𝜋 𝜋 √2 √2
A. − B. C. − D.
4 4 2 2
 9. What is the new upper bound of integration?
𝜋 𝜋 √2 √2
A.− B. C. − D.
4 4 2 2

10. What is the final answer of the given problem?

√2 √2
𝐴. 2 sin ( ) C. 2 cos ( )
2 2

√2 √2
B. 2 sin ( − ) D. 2 cos ( − )
2 2

For numbers 11 – 15, refer to the problem below:

4 1
Compute the definite integral ∫1 𝑑𝑥 using the Substitution Rule.
√𝑥 (√𝑥+2)3

11. What is the value of u in the given definite integral?

A. √𝑥 B. x + 2 C. √𝑥 + 2 D. (√𝑥 + 2)3

12. What is the value of du in the given problem?

1
A. dx B. 2 dx C. √𝑥 dx D. dx
2√𝑥

13. What is the new lower bound of integration?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

14. What is the new upper bound of integration?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

15. What is the final answer of the given problem?

7 14
𝐴. 7 B. C. D. 144
144 144

Congratulations! You are done with this module.

References

Printed Materials:

Department of Education. (2016). Chapter 2: Derivatives, Basic Calculus Learner’s

Material (pp. 333 - 344). Pasig City, Philippines.

Orines, F. B. & Mercado, J.P. (2016) New Century Mathematics 11: Basic Calculus.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Pelias, J.G.P. (2016) Basic Calculus. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.

Website:

Calculus I- Substitution Rule . Retrieved February 12, 2021 from

http://www.tutorial.math.lamar.edu

Math Project Rubric. Retrieved October 23, 2020 from https://www.pinterest.ph

U-substitution: definite integral. Retrieved February 12, 2021 from

https://www.KhanAcademy.org

U-substitution with Definite Integrals. Retrieved February 12, 2021 from

https://www.TheOrganicChemistryTutor

U-substitution to Solve Definite Integrals. Retrieved February 12, 2021 from

https://www.kristakingmath.com
Explore
A.
Value of u Value of du Final Answer
2. u = x2 + 1 du = 2x dx 152.25
3. u = x2 + 4 du = 2x dx 448/3
4. u = 16 – x2 du = – 2x dx 256/3
B.
Value of u Value of new lower new upper Final
du bound bound Answer
6. u = cos 2x du = – 2sin 2x dx ½ 1 ½
7. u = x + 3 du = dx 1 4 46/15
8. u = 1 + 7x du = 7 dx 1 8 45/2
Gauge
1. C
2. C
3. A Pre-test
4. D
1. C
5. B
2. D
6. B 3. B
7. C 4. D
Jumpstart
8. C 5. D
1. F
9. D 6. B
2. G
10. A 3. H 7. C
11. C 4. E 8. A
12. D 5. A 9. C
13. C 6. B 10. D
14. D 7. C 11. D
15. B 8. D 12. D
13. C
14. D
15. B
Answer Key