Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 3 - Module 1:
The Limits of a Function: Laws and Examples

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 What I Need to Know

The module contains only one lesson:

• Lesson 1 - The Limits of a Function: Laws And Examples
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Illustrate the limit of a function using a table of values and the graph of the function;
2. Distinguish between 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 and 𝒇(𝒄).
𝒙→𝒄
3. Illustrate the limit laws; and
4. Apply the laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions (polynomial, rational,
and radical).

What I Know

Multiple Choice.
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which mathematical expression corresponds to the statement “the limits of the

function 𝑥 2 + 2 as x approaches to 3 is equal to 11”?
A. lim (𝑥 2 + 2) = 11 C. lim (𝑥 2 + 2) = 11
𝑥 →−3 𝑥 →3
B. lim (𝑥 2 − 2) = −11 D. lim (𝑥 2 − 2) = 11
𝑥 →−3 𝑥 →3
2. Which function becomes undefined?
A. f(x) = 0 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑎
B. x=c D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 ; b= 0
3. What is the value of lim (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4)?
𝑥 →2
A. 5 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1
4. Which of the following denotes the definition of limit of a function?
A. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿 C. 𝑥 approaches 𝑐 as 𝐿
𝑥→𝑐
B. 𝑓(𝑥) approaches 𝐿 D. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑥→𝑐
1
5. Graphing the limit of the 𝑓(𝑥) = as x approaches to zero, which statement is
𝑥
correct?
A. The limit of the function is equal to zero.
B. The limit of the function does not exist.
C. The limit of the function is positive infinity.
D. The limit of the function is negative infinity.
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
6. What is the lim ( ) equal to?
𝑥→3 𝑥+3
A. 1 C. 2
B. 3 D. 3
1
7. Which illustrate the graph of lim(2𝑥 + 4) ?
𝑥→1
A. B.

C. D.

√𝑥 3 +1
8. What is the value of the lim ?
𝑥→2 3
A. 1 C. 2
B. -1 D. -2

For items 9 – 10:

|𝑥−1|
Given: 𝑓 (𝑥) = lim
𝑥 →1 𝑥−1

𝑥 0.9 0.99 0.999 1.00 1.001 1.010

𝑓(𝑥) -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 ? 1.00 1.00

9. What is the limit of the given function?

A. The limit of the function is equal to zero.
B. The limit of the function does not exist.
C. The limit of the function is positive infinity.
D. The limit of the function is negative infinity.

2
 10. Which graph illustrates the given function?

A. B.

C. D.

What’s In
Activity 1: PERFORM ME
Directions: Perform the given operations.
(𝑥 2 −4)
1. Simplify the expression .
𝑥−2
2.

Given: f(x) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4

g(x) = 𝑥 − 3

Solve the following:

A. 𝑓(𝑔(3)) + 𝑔(𝑓(3))

𝑓(2)−𝑔(5)
B.
𝑔(𝑔(3))−4

3
 𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 +4𝑥+1
3. Evaluate
𝑥−2

What’s New

Activity 2: Find My Match

Directions: Determine the corresponding expression given the mathematical expressions
at the left. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
Verbal Expression Mathematical Expression
___1. The limit of 𝒇(𝒙) as 𝒙 approaches 𝒄 is 𝑳”. A. lim 3𝑥 − 1
𝑥→1
___2. The limit of 3x – 1 as approaches to 1. B. lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐
___ 3. The limit of function of x as x C. lim 𝑐𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
approaches to c is not equal to function
of c.
___4. The limit of a constant multiple rule D. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐
𝑛
___5. The limit of a product is the products E. lim [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [ lim 𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝐿𝑛 .
of the limits 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

F. F. lim[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = ( lim 𝑓(𝑥)) ( lim 𝑔(𝑥))

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

What is it
The Limits of a Function: Laws and Examples
Limits from Table and Graphs
Consider a function 𝑓 of a single variable 𝑥. Consider a constant c which the variable
𝑥 will approach (𝑐 may or may not be in the domain of 𝑓). The limit, to be denoted by 𝐿, is
the unique real value that 𝑓(𝑥) will approach as 𝑥 approaches 𝑐. In symbols, we write this
process as
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿,
𝑥→𝑐
which is read as “the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches 𝑐 is 𝐿”.
Example 1: Evaluate the lim (𝑥 2 + 1) graphically and numerically.
𝑥→−1
Solution:
Construct a table of values. Here, 𝑐 = 1, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1.
Approaching to (-1) from the left and from the right
𝑥 approaches to -1 𝑥 approaches to -1

𝑥 -1.5 -1.2 -1.01 -1.0001 -0.999 -0.99 -0.8 - 0.5

𝑓(𝑥) 3.25 2.44 2.02011 2.0002 1.9998 1.9801 1.64 1.25

𝑓(𝑥) approaches to 2 𝑓(𝑥) approaches to 2

Table 1. The table of values of lim (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2.

𝑥→1

4
Notice that 𝑥 gets closer and closer to 1, 𝑓(𝑥) gets closer to 2, thus the lim (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2.
𝑥→−1
Looking at the graph of lim (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2.
𝑥→1

Figure 1. The graph of lim (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2

𝑥→−1
From the graph of 𝒇 in Figure 1.1, it appears that 𝒇(𝒙) approaches 𝟐 as 𝒙 approaches
𝟏 from either side and now we can write
lim (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2.
𝑥→1
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Example 2: Investigate the lim ( 𝒙−𝟏 ).
𝑥→1
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Solution: Construct a table of values. Here, 𝑐 = 1, 𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝒙−𝟏
Approaching to (1) from the left and from the right
𝑥 approaches to 1 𝑥 approaches to 1

𝑥 0.900 0.990 0.999 1.000 1.001 1.010 1.100 1.200

𝑓(𝑥) 1.900 1.990 1.999 ? 2.001 2.010 2.100 2.200

𝑓(𝑥) approaches to 2 𝑓(𝑥) approaches to 2

𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Table 2. The table of values of lim ( 𝒙−𝟏 ) = 𝟐.
𝑥→1
Viewed from the table 2, the that as 𝒙 gets closer and closer to 1, 𝒇(𝒙) gets
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
closer to 2, thus the lim ( ) = 2. Looking at the graph
𝑥→1 𝒙−𝟏

5
 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Figure 2. The graph of lim ( ) = 𝟐.
𝑥→1 𝒙−𝟏
From the graph of 𝒇 as shown in Figure 2, it illustrates that 𝑓(𝑥) approaches 2 as 𝒙
approaches 1 from either side. A missing point is denoted by the open dot on the graph.
1
Example 3: Consider the function define by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥.
Evaluate:
1
a. lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
1
b. lim
𝑥→ − ∞ 𝑥
Solution:
1
a. lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥

Construct a table of values.

𝑥 7 10 50 100 150 1000 1500 10000
𝑓(𝑥) 0.143 0.100 0.02 0.01 0.007 0.001 0.0006 0.0001
1
Table 3.a Table of values of lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
Viewed in table 3.a as 𝑥 increases, 𝑓(𝑥) decreases. It appears that as 𝑥 approaches
1
positive infinity, 𝑓(𝑥) approaches zero. Thus lim = 0.
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
1
b. lim
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥

Construct a table of values.

𝑥 -7 -10 -50 -100 -150 -1000 -1500 -10000
𝑓(𝑥) -0.143 -0.100 -0.02 -0.01 -0.007 -0.001 -0.0006 -0.0001
1
Table 3.b Table of values of lim
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥
Viewed in table 3.b as 𝑥 decreases, 𝑓(𝑥) increases. It appears that as 𝑥 approaches
negative infinity, 𝑓(𝑥) approaches zero. Thus,
1
lim = 0.
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥

1
Figure 3. Graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥.
6
Example 4. Illustrate the limit graphically and numerically of lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→1
|𝒙−𝟏|
where 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝒙−𝟏
Solution:
𝑥 approaches 1. 𝑥 approaches 1.

𝒙 0.900 0.990 0.999 1.000 1.001 1.010 1.100

𝒇(𝒙) -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 ? 1.000 1.000 1.000

𝑓(𝑥) approaches -1. 𝑓(𝑥) approaches 1.

|𝒙−𝟏|
Table 4. Table of values of lim 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥→1 𝒙−𝟏
From the graph of 𝑓, in Figure 4, you can see that 𝑓(𝑥) = −1 for all values to the
left of 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 for all values to the right of 𝑥 = 1. Obviously, 𝑓(𝑥) is approaching
a different value from the left of 𝑥 = 1 than it is from the right of 𝑥 = 1. In such situations,
we say that the limit does not exist (DNE).

|𝒙−𝟏|
Figure 4. The graph of lim
𝑥→1 𝒙−𝟏
|𝒙−𝟏|
Thus, the lim does not exist (DNE).
𝑥→1 𝒙−𝟏

The Limit of a Function at c versus the Value of the Function at c

Example 1: lim(1 + 3𝑥)
𝑥→2
Considering the tables of values are and we had concluded that 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (1 + 3𝑥) = 7.
𝑥→2

𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
1 4 3 10
1.4 5.2 2.5 8.5
1.7 6.1 2.2 7.6
1.9 6.7 2.1 7.3
1.95 6.85 2.03 7.09
1.997 6.991 2.009 7.027
1.9999 6.9997 2.0005 7.0015
1.9999999 6.9999997 2.0000001 7.0000003.
7
In comparison, 𝑓(2) = 1 + 3𝑥 = 1 + 3(2) = 7, So in this example lim f(𝑥) and 𝑓(2) are equal.
𝑥→2
Notice that the same holds for the next examples discussed:

𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑐)

𝑥→𝑐
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 2
− 2) = 14 𝑓(4) = 14
𝑥→4
𝑙𝑖𝑚 |𝑥| = 0 𝑓(0) = 0
𝑥→0

𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 4
Example 2: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
(𝑥 − 4) + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 4
We have:
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐

𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑁𝐸 𝑓(4) = 3

𝑥→4

Basic Limit Laws and Examples

1. Limits of a Constant and Identity Functions Law

𝑎. lim 𝑐 = 𝑐, where 𝑐 is a constant
𝑥→𝑎
𝑏. lim 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎
Examples:
a. lim 4 = 4 and lim 𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑥→2 𝑥→4
b. lim 𝑥 = −2 and lim 𝑥 = 0
𝑥→ −2 𝑥→0

2. Limit of a Constant Multiple Rule

If 𝒄 is a constant then, lim 𝑐𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
Example:
a. lim 3𝑥 = 3 lim (𝑥) = 3 ∙ 2 = 6
𝑥→2 𝑥→2

3. Limits of Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient Laws

Suppose 𝒂 is a real number and lim 𝑓(𝑥) and lim 𝑔(𝑥) exist.
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
If lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿1 and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐿2 , then,
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
a. the limit of a sum is the sum of the limits,
lim[𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐿1 ± 𝐿2
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

b. the limit of a product is the products of the limits, and

lim[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = ( lim 𝑓(𝑥)) ( lim 𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝐿1 ∙ 𝐿2
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

8
 c. the limit of a quotient of the limits provided the limit of the denominator is not
zero.
𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝐿1
lim [ ] = 𝑥→𝑎 = , 𝐿2 ≠ 0.
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎
𝐿2

Example
lim (10𝑥 + 7) = lim 10𝑥 + lim 7 = 10 lim 𝑥 + lim 7
𝑥→5 𝑥→5 𝑥→5 𝑥→5 𝑥→5
= 10 ∙ 5 + 7 = 57

4. Limits of a Power Law

𝐿𝑒𝑡 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿 and 𝒏 be a positive integer. Then
𝑥→𝑎
𝑛
lim [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [ lim 𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝐿𝑛 .
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Examples:
5 lim 5
𝑥→4
a. Lim =
𝑥→4 𝑥 2 lim 𝑥 2
𝑥→4
5 5
= =
𝑥2 16

5. Limit of a Polynomial Function Law

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑐𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑐1 𝑥 + 𝑐0 be the polynomial function where 𝑛
is a positive integer. Then lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎

6. Limit of a Rational Function Law

𝑝(𝑥) 𝑝(𝑎)
lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = lim = ; 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑞(𝑥) 𝑞(𝑎)
Example:
3𝑥−4 𝑝(−1)
= lim =
𝑥→−1 8 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−2 𝑞(−1)
3(−1)−4
=
8 (−1)2 +2(−1)−2
−7
= 4

7. A Limit that Does Not Exist (DNE) Law

𝐿𝑒𝑡 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿1 ≠ 0 and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
𝒇(𝒙)
Then lim does not exist.
𝑥→𝑎 𝒈(𝒙)
Examples:
𝑥
a. lim
𝑥→5 𝑥−5
Solution
Since the limit of our numerator 𝑥 is 5, but the limit of the denominator 𝑥 − 5
is 0, we conclude from Theorem 6 that the limit does not exist.

9
 𝑥−5
b. lim
𝑥→5 𝑥 2 −10𝑥+25
Solution
𝑥−5
lim
𝑥→5 𝑥 2 −10𝑥+25
𝑥−5
= lim
𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)(𝑥−5)
1
= lim
𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)
After factoring the denominator and canceling the factors, we see from the
1
algebra lim that the limit does not exist since the limit of our numerator in the
𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)
last expression is now 1 but the limit of the denominator is zero.

8. Limit of a Root Law

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 and 𝒏 be a positive integer. Then
𝒙→𝒂
𝑛
a. lim √𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑛√ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
𝑛
= √𝐿, provided that 𝑳 ≥ 𝟎 when 𝒏 is even.

𝑛 𝑛
b. lim √𝑥 = √𝑎
𝑥→𝑎
Examples in evaluating limits of polynomial functions.

1. lim (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑥→−1

Solution:

lim (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑥→−1
= lim 𝑥 3 − lim 2𝑥 2 + lim 3 (Sum and Difference Limit Laws)
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
= lim 𝑥 3 − 2 lim 𝑥 2 + 3 (Constant Multiple Limit Law)
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
=0

𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
2. lim ( )
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

Solution:
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6 (𝑥−2)(𝑥+3)
lim ( ) = lim (Quotient Limit Law)
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2
lim (𝑥−2)∙lim (𝑥+3)
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
= (Product Limit Law),
lim (𝑥−2)
𝑥→2
Simplify
= lim(𝑥 + 3) (Constant Limit Law)
𝑥→2
=2+3
=5

10
 3
3. lim √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6
𝑥→−2

Solution:
3
Lim √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6
𝑥→−2

= 3√ lim (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6)
𝑥→−2

= 3√4 − 6 − 6) (Limit of a Root Law)

3
= √−8 = −2
√2𝑥+5
4. lim
𝑥→2 1−3𝑥

Solution:
We need to note that lim (1 − 3𝑥) = −5 ≠ 0. Moreover, lim (2𝑥 + 5) = 9 > 0.
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
Thus,
√2𝑥+5 lim √2𝑥+5
𝑥→2
lim = (Quotient Limit Law)
𝑥→2 1−3𝑥 lim (1−3𝑥)
𝑥→2

lim (2𝑥+5)
√𝑥→2
= ( Limit of a Root Law)
−5
√9
=
−5
3
=−
5
√4𝑥+5
5. lim [lim(2𝑥 − 1)]
𝑥→1 5−3𝑥 𝑥→2

Solution:
√4𝑥+5
lim [lim(2𝑥 − 1)]
𝑥→1 5−3𝑥 𝑥→2
lim √4𝑥+5
𝑥→1
= [lim(2𝑥 − 1)](Quotient and product Limit Law)
lim (5−3𝑥) 𝑥→2
𝑥→1

lim (4𝑥+5)
√𝑥→1
= (3) (Limit of a Root Law)
2
√9 (3)
=
2
9
=
2
𝑦2
6. lim
𝑦→2 √4+3𝑦2 +2

Solution:
To find the limit of radical functions, we need to rationalize first the denominator
of the function. Note that the conjugate of √4 + 3𝑦 2 + 2 is √4 + 3𝑦 2 − 2. Thus,
11
 𝑦2 √4+3𝑦2 −2
lim ∙
𝑦→2 √4+3𝑦2 +2 √4+3𝑦2 − 2
lim (𝑦2 )(√4+3𝑦2 − 2)
𝑦→2
= (Quotient Limit Law)
lim (4 + 3𝑦2 −4)
𝑦→2

lim (𝑦2 )(√4+3𝑦2 + 2)

𝑦→2
= lim 3𝑦2
𝑦→2

(√4+3(2)2 + 2) 6
= = (Limit of a Root Law)
3(2)2 12
1
=
2

What’s More
Activity 3: My Value

Directions: Find the value of the limits of the given function.

a. lim(2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→2
(2𝑥 2 −7𝑥−15)
b. lim
𝑥→4 𝑥−5
(𝑥 3 −1)
c. lim
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

What I Have Learned

1. Definition of the Limit of a Function
2. If 𝒇(𝒙) becomes arbitrarily close to a single number 𝑳 as 𝑥 approaches 𝒄 from either side
then, 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 which is read as “ the limit of 𝒇(𝒙) as 𝒙 approaches 𝒄 is 𝑳”
𝒙→𝒄
3. Illustrate a limit numerically by constructing a table and graphically by drawing a
graph.
4. Basic Law of Limits
a. Limits of a Constant and Identity Functions Law
𝑖. lim 𝑐 = 𝑐, where 𝑐 is a constant
𝑥→𝑎
𝑖𝑖. lim 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎
b. Limit of a Constant Multiple Rule: If 𝑐 is a constant then,
lim 𝑐𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

c. Limits of Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient Laws

i. lim[𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐿1 ± 𝐿2
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

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 𝑖𝑖. ) lim[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = ( lim 𝑓(𝑥)) ( lim 𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝐿1 ∙ 𝐿2
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝐿1
𝑖𝑖𝑖. ) lim [ ] = 𝑥→𝑎 = , 𝐿 ≠ 0.
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥) 𝐿2 2
𝑥→𝑎
5. Limit of a Polynomial Function Law
Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒄𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟎 be the polynomial function where 𝒏
is a positive integer. Then lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎).
𝑥→𝑎
6. Limit of a Rational Function Law
𝑝(𝑥) 𝑝(𝑎)
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = ; 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑞(𝑥) 𝑞(𝑎)
7. A Limit that Does Not Exist (DNE) Law
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳𝟏 ≠ 𝟎 and 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟎.
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
𝒇(𝒙)
Then 𝐥𝐢𝐦 does not exist.
𝒙→𝒂 𝒈(𝒙)

What I Can Do
Activity 4: Trace and Construct
Directions: Evaluate the limit of the given functions numerically by constructing a
table of values and graphically by drawing a graph. Find the indicated
limits.
𝑥 2 −4
a. lim , use values for x: 1.99, 1.999, 2.000, 2.005, 2.010
𝑥→2 𝑥−4
𝑥 3 −1
b. lim , use values for x: 0.90, 0.99, 0.999, 1.000, 1.002,1.020, 1.100
𝑥→1 𝑥−1

Assessment
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on
the space provided before the number.
1
_____ 1. Graphing the limit of the 𝑓(𝑥) = as x approaches to zero, which statement
𝑥2
is correct?
A. The limit of the function is equal to zero.
B. The limit of the function does not exist.
C. The limit of the function is positive infinity.
D. The limit of the function is negative infinity.
_____ 2. What is the lim(𝑥)2 + 3𝑥 + 2 ?
𝑥→2
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13
(𝑥−2)
_____ 3. What is the lim ?
𝑥 →2 (𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2)
A. -1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 2
√𝑥 3 +1
_____ 4. What is the value of the lim ?
𝑥→2 3
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
(𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 −1)
____ 5. What is 𝑓(−2) if lim
𝑥 → −2 5−3𝑥
?
12 3 9 1
A. − B. − C.− 15 D. −
5 9 11
13
_____ 6. Which table is best for approximating the limit?

A.
𝑥 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 0.2 1.3 2.9 3.25 2.9 1.3
B.
𝑥 2.9 2.99 2.999 3.001 3.010 3.100
𝑓(𝑥) 04.9 4.99 4.999 5.001 5.001 5.100

C.
𝑥 2.001 2.01 2.100 2.270 2.500 3.00
𝑓(𝑥) 3.300 3.241 3.310 3.220 3.050 2.90
D.
𝑥 2.010 2.004 2.000 1.998 1.900 1.800
𝑓(𝑥) 3.050 3.025 3.010 3.005 3.000 2.900

____ 7. What is the estimate value of lim (𝑥 − 3𝑥) ?

𝑥→4
1

28 47 36 15
A. B. C. D.
12 12 12 12

_____ 8. Which illustrate the graph of lim (2𝑥 + 4) ?

𝑥→1

A. B.

C. D.

14
 ___9.
Given:
The function ℎ is defined over the real numbers. This table gives a few
values of ℎ.
𝑥 1.9 1.99 1.999 2.001 2.01 2.1
ℎ(𝑥) 3.21 3.92 3.999 4.01 4.08 4.81

What is the reasonable value for lim ℎ(𝑥)?

𝑥→2
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
𝑥 2 −1
_____ 10. The approximate value of the lim ( 𝑥−1 ) is ________.
𝑥→1
A. -1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 2

References
Dalumpines, Rizza M. (2020). GIYA for Learners. Quarter 3, Week 1. Basic Calculus.
DepEd, Zamboanga Sibugay Division
Licuanan, Patricia et al. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School in Basic
Calculus. Garcia Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City: Commission on Higher
Education, pp. 28-36.
Mercado, Jesus (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11. Basic Calculus. K-12 Curriculum
Compliant, pp. 31-33
Development Team
Writer: Meliton B. Bugawan, Jr.
Malangas National High School

Editor/QA: Pede I. Casing

Ivy V. Deiparine
Danniel M. Manlang

Reviewer: Gina I. Lihao

EPS in Mathematics
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Evelyn F. Importante
OIC-CID Chief EPS

Dr. Jerry C. Bokingkito

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Aurelio A. Santisas, CESE

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Jeanelyn A. Aleman, CESO VI

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent

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