Operation aCEAsment:

Freshmen Bridging
Program
August 22, 2022
1:00 pm to 3:00 pm

TRIGONOMETRY

WENICO G. CADELIÑA, JR.

Instructor
 Trigonometric Functions of Angles

The Six Trigonometric Ratios

If Ɵ is an angle in standard position, P(x,y) is any point other than the origin on the terminal side of
2 2
Ɵ, and r  x y (radius vector r), then

Name Ratio Abbreviation

sine of Ɵ

cosine of Ɵ

tangent of Ɵ

cotangent of Ɵ

When x=0, tan Ɵ and sec Ɵ are not secant of Ɵ

defined, and when y=0, csc Ɵ and
cot Ɵ are not defined.
cosecant of Ɵ

Examples: Find the values of the six trigonometric functions of the angle Ɵ in standard position, if the points
are on the terminal side of Ɵ.

1)
Solution:
x = 4 and y = 3

2.)
Solution:
x = 5 and y = -12
 The Eight Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

i.) csc x = sin x = sin x csc x = 1

ii.) sec x = cos x = cos x sec x = 1

iii.) cot x = tan x = tan x cot x = 1

iv.) tan x = tan x cos x = sin x

v.) cot x = cot x sin x = cos x

vi.) sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 sin2 x = 1 − cos2 x cos2 x = 1 − sin2 x

vii.) 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x tan2 x = sec2 x − 1 sec2 x − tan2 x = 1

viii.) 1 + cot2 x = csc2 x cot2 x = csc2 x − 1 csc2 x − cot2 x = 1

Sum and Difference Identities

sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y sin (x − y) = sin x cos y − cos x sin y

cos (x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y cos (x − y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y

tan (x + y) = tan (x − y) =

Double-Measure Identities

Sine Double-Measure Identity : sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

Cosine Double-Measure Identity : cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
Alternative Forms of Cosine Double-Measure Identity : cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x
cos 2x = 2 cos2 x – 1

Tangent Double-Measure Identity : tan 2x =

 Half-Measure Identities

Sine Half-Measure Identity : sin x=√

Cosine Half-Measure Identity : cos x=√

Tangent Half-Measure Identity : tan x= tan x=

SIGNS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Example. Find the solution of the equation if .

a. b.

Example. Solve the equation for .