PSOC LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT-4

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

Automatic load frequency control (ALFC) of single area system using simulink.

APPRATUS REQUIRED: MATLAB 7.8 (R2009a)

THEORY:
If the system is connected to numerous loads in a power system, then the system
frequency and speed change with the characteristics of the governor as the load changes. If
the load on the system is suddenly increased, then the speed of the turbine and frequency
drops. So to keep the frequency constant the operator is required to adjust the velocity of the
turbine by changing the characteristics of the governor. The characteristics of the governor
setting can be adjusted with change in load by providing primary ALFC loop. The primary
ALFC loop can adjust the governor setting but there is always a small steady state error exist
in the system. So an integrator control is included to regain the speed and frequency. This
integrator control is known as secondary ALFC loop and provided to bring the speed and
frequency back to the normal value. Thus as the load in the system changes continuously the
generation is adjusted automatically to restore the frequency to its nominal value. This
method is known as automatic generation control.

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND TRANSFER FUNCTION:

∆ Pref _ ∆ PL
𝐾𝑠𝑔 𝐾𝑡
1+𝑠𝑇𝑠𝑔 + 𝐾𝑝 ∆f
+ 1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑡
1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑝
_ ∆PG
𝐾𝑖
1
𝑆
𝑅

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

 PSOC LAB MANUAL
EXPERIMENT-4

PROBLEM:

An isolated power station has the following parameters:

Turbine time constant = 0.5 s
Governor time constant = 0.2 s
Inertia constant = 5 s
Governor speed regulation = R per unit
The load varies by 0.8 per cent for a 1 per cent change in frequency ( D=0.8)
The governor speed regulation is set to R = 0.05 per unit.
The turbine rated output is 250 MW at nominal frequency 50 Hz.
Simulate the matlab model of ALFC for a sudden load change of 50 MW (𝝙PL= 0.2 Per
unit) and obtain the time domain response and find the steady state Frequency deviation in
Hz, time domain performance specifications like peak time, rise time ,settling time and
percentage overshoot for the following cases.
1) Open loop response (With regulation R= ∞ and ∆Pref =0)
2) Close loop control by closing the primary ALFC loop (R=0.05 and ∆Pref =0)
3) Close loop control by closing the secondary integral ALF C loop (R=0.05). Also
simulate for different values of integral constant and analyze the result.

SIMULATION RESULT:

TYPE OF INTEGRAL FREQUENCY RISE SETTLING PEAK PERCENTAGE

CONTROL CONSTANT DEVIATION TIME TIME TIME OVERSHOOT
(KI)
OPEN LOOP ---------
PRIMARY
ALFC ----------
SECONDARY
ALFC

CONCLUSION:

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering