Matrices and Determinants

KEY POINTS:

-1 T
1. For any square matrix of order n, we have 1) I KA I = K IAI
n T
2) IAI =I A I 3) (A ) = (AT)-1
T
2. i) (A ± B) = AT ± B T T T
ii) (AB) = B A
T
iii) (AB)-1 = B-1A-1

3. For any two square matrices A and B of same order, we have I AB I = IAI IBI

4. If A is a square matrix of order n, then A (adjA) = (adjA) A = IAI. I

n-1
5. If A is invertible matrix of order n, then IadjAI = IAI .
n
6. If A is a square matrix of order n, then IA.adjAI = IAI

n-2
7. If A is invertible square matrix, then adj(adjA) = IAI A
2
8. If A is invertible square matrix, then I adj (adjA) I = IAI (n−1)

T T
9. If A is invertible square matrix, then adj ( A ) = (adjA)

10. If A and B are non singular matrices of same order, I is unit matrix, k is non zero real number such that

(i) AI = IA = A

1 1
(ii) AB = BA = I then A−1 = B , B−1 = A (iii) AB = BA = k I then A−1 = B , B−1 = A
k k

Questions:
1. If A is square matrix of order 3, IAI ≠ 0 and I5AI = kIAI then write the value of k. (Ans: 125)

2. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 and IAI = 5 , IBI = 3, then find the value of I3ABI. (405)

3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that IAI = 6 and AB = I, then write

the value of IBI. ( Ans: 1/6)

T
4. If A is a square matrix such that IAI = 5, write the value of IAA I. (Ans: 25)

5. If A is a skew symmetric matrix of order 3, write the value of IAI. (Ans: 0)

6. If A = [−Sinθ
cosθ Sinθ
Cosθ ] n
, then for any natural number n, find the value of Det(A ). (Ans: 1)

7. If A is a matrix of order 3X3 such that A (adjA) = 5I, then find IadjAI. (Ans: 25)
8. Find diag [1 2 3] + diag [4 5 6].

9. Write number of matrices of order 2 x 3 with each entry 0, 1 or 2.

10. Write number of non-zero matrices of order 2 x 3 with each entry 0, 1 or 2.

11. Write number of non-zero and non-unit matrices of order 3x 3 with each entry 0, 1 or 2.

12. Write an example of matrix of order 3X3

a) Which is non-zero and symmetric b) which is non-zero and skew symmetric

c) which is both symmetric and skew-symmetric

[ ]
0 2 3
13. Find k and α if A = −2 2 α −1 −5 is skew symmetric.
2
−3 5 k −k−12

[ ]
1 1 −2
14. Express −1 4 3 as sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrices.
2 −3 2

15.
2 1 2
[ ]
If f(x) = x +4x+5 and A = 4 −3 , then find f (A).

16. For what value of x, if [ 3−x

1+ x
8]
7
is (i) singular matrix (ii) non-singular matrix.

| |
52 5 3 5 4
17. Find the value of 5 3 5 4 5 5 , using properties .
4 5 6
5 5 5

18. Find the determinant of diag [k 3k 5k]

19. If A = [ 02 00] , then find A 2018

20. If A is a non-singular matrix such that A

-1
= [−215 513 ] , then find (A )
T -1

21. If A is a square matrix of order 3x3 such that IAI = 2, then find IA.adjAI.

22. If A is invertible matrix of order 3x3 and IAI = 7 then find adj (adjA). (Ans: 7A)

| |
x Sinθ Cosθ
23. If −Sinθ −x 1 = 8, write the value of x.
Cosθ 1 x

24. If matrix A = [−11 −11 ] and A = kA, then the value of k.

2
25. (i) If M[ 21 09] = [ 49 63 ] , find matrix M (ii) If [ 21 09] M = [ 49 63 ], find matrix M
If [ ] M[ ] =[
9 3]
1 2 2 0 4 6
26. , find matrix M.
3 4 5 9

[ ] [ ]
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
27. Given that A = −7 1 3 and B = 1 −2 −2 , find AB. Use this result to solve the
5 −3 −1 2 1 3

following system of linear equations:

i) x–y+z=4 ii) -4x -7y +5z = 4

x – 2y -2z = 9 4x + y – 3z = 9

2x + y +3z = 1 4x + 3y – z = 1

[ ][ ]
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
28. Use product 0 2 −3 9 2 −3 to solve the system of equations
3 −2 4 6 1 −2

i) x – y + 2z = 1 ii) -2x + z =1 iii) -2x +9y +6z = 1

2y – 3z = 1 9x+2y-3z = 1 2y + z = 1

3x – 2y +4z =2 6x + y – 2z = 2 x – 3y – 2z = 2

[ ]
3 1 2
-1
29. If A = 3 2 −3 , find A . Hence, solve the system of equations:
2 0 −1

3x + 3y +2z =1 x + 2y = 4 2x – 3y – z =5

[ ]
−2 1 −7
-1 −1
(Ans : A = 17
−3 −7 15 and x = 2 y = 1 z = -4)
−4 2 3

30. Using properties of determinants prove that:

| |
b+c a−b a
3 3 3
c+ a b−c b = 3abc – a – b –c .
a+b c−a c

| |
sin (A + B+C) SinB CosC
31. If A + B + C = π, then find the value of −SinB 0 TanA
cos( A+ B) −TanA 0
32. Using properties of determinants prove that:

| |
(b+ c)2 a2 a2
3
b2 (c +a)2 b2 = 2abc (a+b+c)
2 2 2
c c (a+b)

| |
x +1 x +2 x+ a
33. If a, b, c are in arithmetic progression, prove that: x +2 x+ 4 x+ b = 0.
x +3 x+ 6 x +c

| |
loga p 1
th th th
34. If a, b, c are positive and are the p , q , r terms of G.P., then show that logb q 1 = 0
logc r 1

| |
sin ∝ cos ∝ cos (∝+ δ)
35. Prove that Sinβ Cosβ cos( β +δ ) = 0.
Sinγ Cosγ cos(γ + δ)

| |
a b ax +by
2 2 2
36. Prove that: b c bx +cy = (b – ac) (ax + 2bxy + cy ).
ax+ by bx +cy 0

37. An amount of Rs.5000 is put into three investments at the rate of interest of 6%, 7% and 8% per

annum respectively. The total annual income is Rs.358.If the combined income from the first two

Investments is Rs.70 more than the income from the third, find the amount of each

Investment by matrix method. (Ans: X = 1000 Y = 2200 Z = 1800)

38. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of Discipline,

Politeness and Punctuality. The school P wants to award Rs.x each, Rs.y each and Rs. z each

For the three respectively values to its 3, 2 and 1 students with a total award money

of Rs.1000.School Q wants to spend Rs.1500 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values

(by giving the same award money for three values as before).If the total amount of awards for one

Prize on each value is Rs.600, using matrices, find the award money for each value.

(Ans: x = 100, y = 200, z = 300)

[ ]
2 −1 4
39. Find the inverse of the matrix 4 0 2 by using
3 −2 7

i) Elementary row transformations ii) Elementary column transformations

 [ ]
1
−2 1
2
Ans: 11 −1 −6
−1
4 −2
2