ENGLISH 2 PAPER

“ MODAL ”

Lecturer :

Dr. Rohimah, S.Pd.I, M.Pd, M.Pd

Authors :

Muhammad Alif Al Adzani (3120220073)

Riki Dwi Romadon (3120220018)

Latifah Zahra Fitriah (3120220041)

Fitri Hanabilah (3120220103)

Class : PAI 3-C

DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC RELIGION EDUCATION

FACULTY OF ISLAMIC RELIGION

AS-SYAFI’IYAH ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

JAKARTA

2023
 FOREWORD

Praise our graces to Allah SWT for His mercy and guidance, we can finish a
paper assignment in English entitled “Modal” with time. This paper is compiled for
fulfilling a class assignment. In addition, to this paper to add insight for readers and
also for the author. The author would like to thank lecturer Dr. Rohimah, S.Pd.I,
M.Pd, M.Pd. Thanks also to all parties who helped finish this paper. We realized this
paper is ar away from being perfect. Because of that, we welcome any forms of
constructive suggestions and criticisms in order to give feedback to ourselves.

Jakarta, 21 October 2023

Authors

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD..................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. ii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1

A. Background of the paper ......................................................................................... 1

B. Question of the paper .............................................................................................. 1
C. Objectives ............................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II : DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... 2

A. Definition of Modal ................................................................................................ 2

B. Basic Modal ............................................................................................................ 6
C. Types of Modal ....................................................................................................... 7
D. Modals Usage.......................................................................................................... 13
E. Modal Formula........................................................................................................ 13
F. Modals Fuctions ...................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER III : EXERCISE............................................................................................ 15

A. LISTENING ............................................................................................................ 15
B. READING............................................................................................................... 17
C. GRAMMAR ........................................................................................................... 20
D. WRITING ............................................................................................................... 20
E. VOCABULARY ..................................................................................................... 22
F. SPEAKING ............................................................................................................. 24

CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 26

A. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 26

REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 27

ii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Paper

Language is not only used as a tool to exchange information by conveying a

statement or question. Sometimes we also need to express a request, offer, suggestion,
advice, intention, or express our desires, abilities and so on. We can also express
something politely, firmly or definitely.

To express the things above, we use modal auxiliary verbs or also called modal
auxiliaries or modals which means helping verbs.

The modals include CAN (dapat), COULD (dapat), MAY (boleh), MIGHT
(boleh), MUST (harus), OUGHT TO (harus), SHALL (akan), SHOULD
(akan/sebaiknya), HAD BETTER (sebaiknya), WILL (akan), dan WOULD (akan).

B. Question of the Problems

1. What is the definition of modals?
2. What is type of modals?
3. What is the modals usage?
4. What is modals formula?
5. What is modals functions?

C. Objectives

From the problems above, the author of course aims to explain these points,
according to the knowledge we have obtained, both from source books and from our
teachers. Hopefully everything will benefit us. If there are errors in writing or words in
this paper, the author apologizes profusely.

1
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Modal
Modal Auxiliary verb is a type of verb that is used to indicated modality, that is
like willingness (kamauan) or ability (kemampuan), necessity (kebutuhan), and
possibility (kemungkinan). Examples include can / could, may / might, will / would,
shall / should, must / had. Modal verbs are often distinguished as a class based on
certain grammatical. Hare are some kinds of modal.1

Modals are a type of auxiliary verb or helping verb. Its function is to help the
speaker to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and obligations, and others. So,
you need modals to express the following things:

▪ Ability

▪ Permission

▪ Obligation

▪ Prohibition

▪ Probability

Meanwhile, modal phrases are also known as semi-modals which are often used
to express the same things as modals, but the structure is from a combination of
auxiliary verb + proposition to.

Examples are as follows:

▪ Can, could, be able to

▪ May, might

▪ Shall, should

1
M.pd. ;Muta Ali Arauf Muhammad Yahrif, Basic Grammar in Speaking : Improving Your Speaking Skills
By Grammatical Guidance, cetakan pe (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ilmu, 2018).

2
 ▪ Must, have to

▪ Will, would 2

According to Suyanto, in learning English there are three important components

that must be learned correctly, namely vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
Vocabulary is a collection of words owned by a language and gives meaning when
used. Grammar is the patterns and rules that must be followed in learning a language
correctly. Pronunciation is how to pronounce the words of a language. Rusmidah
argues that vocabulary teaching plays a very important role in English language
learning, which is directed at developing language skills so that students are able to
communicate and discourse in English properly. For this reason, it is necessary to
master an adequate amount of vocabulary.

Suyanto argues that in principle, vocabulary teaching aims to to help students

understand the language and develop their spelling skills skills. Spelling teaching does
not stand alone, but there is a close relationship between spelling and context. By
presenting the words that to be spelled in sentences can help students to connect one
word with other words. Therefore, it is necessary therefore there needs to be a solution
to overcome the problem problems, namely by applying the learning model for
vocabulary mastery through sketch engine media (sketch engine). 3

The situation with modality is rather different, because there is no simple,

clearly definable, semantic category, such as time and enumeration. Nevertheless,
something like Lyons' suggestion that modality is concerned with the 'opinion and
attitude' of the speaker seems a fairly helpful preliminary definition. It is certainly the
case that investigation has shown that there are very different formal systems, such as
the modal verbs in English, the subjunctive mood in both modern and classical
languages of Europe and the system of clitics or particles in Australian and American

2
IKMI N U R OKTAVIANTI, ‘Verba Bantu Modal Bahasa Inggris: Karakteristik, Pemakaian Dan
Perubahan’ (Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2019).
3
Bina Satria Medan, ‘PENERAPAN MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS UNTUK MENGASAH
KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA DALAM PERCAKAPAN SEHARI-HARI’, 3.2 (2023), 6–14.

3
 Indian languages that have much in common in terms of the meanings that they
express. 4

The concept of modality is also related to the semantic level, which means that
modality can appear in all languages with their own forms of expression. Modality can
be assessed and measured based on the set of principles proposed by Perkins (Eryon,
2011).

Similar point also conveyed by Lusi Lian Piantari (2014) modal verbs as
modality expressors are used in English teaching materials such as in English teaching
materials such as must, can, could, may, might, should, will, would, have to, dan ought
to. 5

Based on the existing data, it is found that there is a meaning of modality in the
form of modal verbs in English conversations used by nursing students when they do
role play activities in class. The modalities found are epistemic, deontic and dynamic
modalities. Epistemic modality relates to knowledge, beliefs, or opinions of the speaker
rather than facts (Fatttah, 2011:40). Epistemic modality shows the meaning of
"possibility, necessity, and predictability" (Alwi in Nugraha, and Reyta, 2019: 142).
Deontic modality shows the meaning of "permission and command" and dynamic
modality shows the meaning of "ability" (Alwi in Nugraha, and Reyta, 2019: 142). 6

Modality, the linguistic expression of possibility and necessity, is a topic and

that has inspired a lot of research. This is hardly surprising for a lexical- grammatical
area that pertains to an indispensable aspect of human cognition. As Narrog puts it,
"[h]uman beings constantly imagine things that are not real but still possible or even
contrary to facts. They continually evaluate the reality status of states-of-affairs, or urge
or allow interlocutors to bring about states-of-affairs in reality." Take any moderate-
sized stretch of spoken or written text and you will find that as people, we cannot help

4
Palmer.F.R, Modality and the English Modals, Second Edi (Britania Raya: Taylor & Francis, 2014).
5
Lusi Lian Piantari, ‘Verba Modal Sebagai Pengungkap Modalitas Dalam Bahan Ajar Bahasa Inggris
Penelitian Dari Aspek Semantis’, 2014.
6
Deden Novan Setiawan Nugraha and Fitriani Reyta, ‘Modalitas Ganda Dalam Bahasa Inggris Dan
Padanannya Dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Sintaksis Dan Semantik’, Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan
Seni, 3.1 (2019), 138–47.

4
 but communicate our natural interest in what is possible and what is necessary. A
common way of expressing this pervasive concern is by means of modal verbs. 7

According to Priyanto (2022: 81-820), modals are auxiliary verbs that show the
attitude of the speaker. Auxiliaries that show the speaker's attitude in conveying a
request. in conveying a request. Modals can also show prohibitions and suggestions to
others. Furthermore, it is said that modals can have more than one meaning and
function. Broadly speaking, modals can be divided into two types. The first type is
basic capital which consists of:

1. Can.

2. Could.

3. had better.

4. May.

5. Might.

6. Must.

7. Ought to.

8. Shall.

9. Should.

10. Will.

11. Would.

The second type is modal phrasal which is a common expression in the form of
a verb phrase whose meaning is the same as the basic modal, which consists of:

(a) Be able to.

(b) Be going to.

7
Ilse Depraetere and others, Models of Modals: From Pragmatics and Corpus Linguistics to Machine
Learning (Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG), CX.2023

5
 (c) Be supposed to.

(d) Have to.

(e) Need to.

(f) Have got to.

(g) Used to.8

Katkar (2020) stated “Helping Verb helps the sentence to complete it’s sense/we
can say that sentence gets it’s meaning with the help of Helping Verb”. Based on the
quote, it can be concluded that Auxiliary Verbs can complete the meaning in an
expression. Here are some experts who argue about the kinds of modal auxiliary verbs.
It can be concluded that Auxiliary Verbs can complete the meaning in an expression.
Here are some experts who argue about the kinds of modal auxiliary verbs. 9

B. Basic Modals

Subject+Modal+Verb1+Object

Example :
1. She can do it.
2. They should go now.
3. He had better take the medicine now.

Notes:
The modal does not use the -s ending even if the subject is he, she or it.
Correct : She can do it.
Incorrect : She cans dit10

8
Aryati Hamzah and Ismail Tahir, Book · November 2022, 2023.
9
The Correlational and others, ‘The Correlational Study Between Students Interest and The Students
Reading Comprehension’, 4778 (2018), 44–55.
10
Yuniar Bestiana and Machis Achyani, Big Book Bahasa Inggris SMP Kelas 1, 2, & 3 (Cmedia, 2015).

6
C. Types of Modals
Modals in English consisting of Will, Shall, Can, May, Must, and Should are
auxiliary verbs for other verbs. The following is an explanation of the types of modals
in English.

1. Modal Present

A present modal is a modal followed by a first form verb (Verb 1).

a) Will yang artinya “akan”

Modal will is used to express:

• A future event that means "will" or something that hasn't happened yet in the
Future Simple Tense. In addition, will has the same meaning as be going to.
Example : I will do the homework (Saya akan mengerjakan PR)
• Offer something or ask politely.
Example : Will you help me to sweep the floor? (Maukah kamu membantu
saya untuk menyapu lantai?)
b) Shall yang artinya “akan”
Modal shall be used to express:
• future events meaning "will" or something that has not yet happened in the
Future Tense.
Example : I shall accompany my mom this evening (Saya harus menemani ibu
saya sore ini).
• A promise.
Example : I shall accompany my mom this evening (Saya harus menemani ibu
saya sore ini).
• Offer help.
Example : Shall I carry your book? (Haruskah saya membawa bukumu?)
c) Must yang artinya “harus atau wajib”
Modal must be used to express:
• Must/obligation
Example : You must obey the rules (Kamu harus mematuhi peraturan).

7
 • Use need not or needn't instead of must not or mustn't for the negative form of
must or the expression to answer the question of an interrogative sentence.
Example :
Q: Must I join the English class? (Haruskah saya mengikuti kelas Bahasa
Inggris?)
A: Yes, you must/Yes, you need.
• Indicates prohibition or something that is not allowed with must not/mustn't
Example : You must not cheat on the exam (Kamu tidak boleh menyontek saat
ujian).
• Must which means the same as have to
Example : You must water the plants (You have to water the plants), memiliki
arti yang sama yaitu kamu harus menyirami tanaman.
• The modal must does not have a past tense form. Therefore, "had to" is used to
express the past tense of must because it has the same meaning. In addition,
"had to" has the same form for all objects.
Example : I had to prepare stationery before yesterday's exam (Saya harus
menyiapkan alat tulis sebelum ujian kemarin).
d) May yang artinya “boleh atau mungkin”
An auxiliary verb, which means may or might, is used to express:
• Permission request
Example :
Q: May I borrow your umbrella? (Bolehkah saya meminjam payungmu?)
A: Yes, you may (Iya, silahkan).
• Expectation or wish
Example : May you be surrounded by good people (Semoga kamu dikelilingi
oleh orang-orang baik).
e) Should atau ought to yang artinya “seharusnya”.
This modal is used to express:
• Auxiliary verbs that mean should or ought to

8
 Example : She ought to submit the assignment punctually (Dia seharusnya
mengumpulkan tugas tepat waktu).
• Work or tasks that are not fulfilled, not completed or neglected especially from
a predetermined deadline.
Example : The task ought to have been finished two days ago (Tugas itu
seharusnya sudah selesai dua hari yang lalu).

f) Can yang artinya “dapat”

This modal is used to express:
• A person's ability or skill
Example : I can play guitar (Saya bisa bermain gitar).
• Ask for permission
Example : Can I turn on the AC? (Bolehkah saya menyalakan pendingin
ruangan?)
• A possibility
Example : He can be late (Mungkin dia terlambat).

2. Modal Past
Past modals are modals that use the past tense and are followed by a first form verb
(Verb 1). Past modals consist of would, should, must/had to, might, could.
a) Modal would yang artinya “akan”
It is used to express:
• The past tense of the modal will which means "will"
Example : He would come punctually if he woke up earlier (Dia akan datang
tepat waktu jika dia bangun lebih awal).
• A polite plea or request
Example : Would you please accompany me? (Maukah kamu menemani saya?)
• Would followed by "like" is an expression to express a desire or wish.
Example : I would like to inform you about our new schedule (Saya akan
menginformasikan padamu tentang jadwal baru kita).

9
 • Would followed by the word "rather" indicates a preference which means to
prefer.
Example : I would rather cook soup rather than curry (Saya lebih suka memasak
sup daripada kari).

b) Modal should yang artinya “harus atau seharusnya”

It is used to express:

• Past tense of modal shall

Example : I should mix some colors before finishing my painting yesterday
(Saya harus mencampur beberapa warna sebelum menyelesaikan lukisan saya
kemarin).
• A suggestion that means "should"
Example : You should add honey to make it sweeter (Kamu harus
menambahkan madu untuk membuatnya lebih manis).
• A necessity or obligation
Example : You should bring your own notebook (Kamu harus membawa buku
catatanmu sendiri).
• An obligation or necessity
Example : He should exercise more (Dia harus lebih banyak berolahraga)
• A past tense to show regret or an activity that should have been done but was
not.
Example : You should have read the guidebook carefully, before assembling this
robot (Kamu harus membaca buku panduan dengan teliti, sebelum merakit
robot ini). Arti dari kalimat tersebut adalah sebelum merakit robot tersebut,
subjek tidak membaca buku panduan dengan teliti.

10
c) Modal must atau had to yang artinya “harus”
• The past tense of must can also be used with had to
• A must for something that must not be done
Example : You had to understand this chapter before studying the next one
(Kamu harus memahami bab ini sebelum mempelajari yang berikutnya).

d) Modal might yang artinya “mungkin”

It is used to express:
• This modal is used to express news sentences that have passed in the Past Tense
or Verb 2.
Example : The News on television stated that there might be road widening
(Berita di televisi menyatakan bahwa mungkin ada pelebaran jalan).
• An expression more politely
Example : Mark might win the competition (Mark mungkin memenangkan
perlombaan)
• A great possibility
Example : Jackson didn't attend the class yesterday. He might injure his knee.
(Jackson tidak menghadiri kelas kemarin. Dia mungkin cedera lutut).

e) Modal could yang artinya “dapat atau bisa”

The modal could is the past tense of can. Other than that, it's the same for all subjects.
However, the use of the modal could does not always mean that you are talking about
the past or the past and past tense of an event. The modal could can be used to
express:
• Past tense of Can
Example : Aubrey could speak French when she was a child (Aubrey bisa
berbicara bahasa Prancis ketika dia masih kecil).
• Request in a polite way
Example : Could you take me to the airport? (Dapatkah kamu mengantarku ke
bandara?)
• A possibility

11
 Example : Brian could be on the way home now, but he usually takes extra
classes. (Brian mungkin sedang dalam perjalanan pulang sekarang, tapi dia
biasanya mengambil kelas tambahan.)

3. Modal Perfect
The modal perfect consists of Must, Might, Should, and Could.
a) Modal Must Have + Verb 3
The modal must have is used to express the conclusion of something or an event
that has happened in the past.
Example : Rebecca won the competition. She must have practiced diligently
(Rebecca memenangkan kompetisi. Dia pasti berlatih dengan rajin).

b) Modal Might Have + Verb 3

The modal might have is used to express a possibility in the past.
Example : Zafar looked miserable. He might have been unwell (Zafar tampak sedih.
Dia mungkin sedang tidak sehat).

c) Modal Should Have + Verb 3

The modal should have is used to describe an imperative or obligation that was not
done in the past.
Example : Felix missed the train. He should have arrived at the train station earlier
(Felix ketinggalan kereta. Dia seharusnya tiba di stasiun kereta lebih awal.) Maksud
dari kalimat tersebut adalah Felix didn't come to the train station on time. (Felix
tidak datang ke stasiun kereta tepat waktu.)

d) Modal Could Have + Verb 3

The modal could have + verb 3 is used to express an ability or skill that was not
used in the past.

12
 Example : Stella could have cooked the dish herself (Stella bisa saja memasak
hidangannya sendiri). Maksud kalimat di atas adalah Stella didn't cook the dish
herself (Stella tidak memasak makanannya sendiri). 11

D. Modals Usage

In English grammar and in everyday conversation, both formal and informal, the use of
modals is very diverse. Some modals can be used for:

1. a polite request with "I" as the subject of the sentence;

2. polite requests with "You" as the subject of the sentence;
3. requests with Would You Mind;
4. conveying advice (advisability);
5. expressing hope with: be supposed to and be to;
6. conveying advice with: Let's, Why Don't, Shall 1/We;
7. conveying advice with Could. 12

E. Modals Formula
1. Positive Sentences
In positive sentences, modal verbs are used followed by verb 1 and cannot be
added with other particles. So, the formula for positive sentences is as follows:
They We, I , You , He, She, It + Modal Verbs+ Verb 1

2. Negative Sentences
If the sentence is negative, Pijar Friends just add the word "not" after the modal
verb. After that, add, verb 1, with the following formula:
They, We, I, You, He, She, It + Modals Verb + Not + Verb 1

11
Widaningsih, R. 2017. Buku Sakti Grammar Cara Cepat Kuasai Grammar Dari Nol Sampai Jago.
Yogyakarta: Pusat Kajian Bahasa.

12
Modals. (n.p.): Global Eksekutif Teknologi. (2022)

13
 3. Interrogative Sentences
For interrogative sentences or question sentences, the modal verbs must be
placed in front! After that, follow with subject and verbs 1. For more
details, here is the formula:
Modals Verb + They, We, I, You, He, She It + Verb1

F. Modals Functions
Here are some functions of modals:
• Modal will and will be
Used in formulas one and two of simple future tense, future continuous tense, future
perfect tense, and future perfect continuous tense.
• Modals can, may, have to, dan has to

Used in formulas one and two of the simple present tense with conditions:
If an auxiliary verb meets a verb, there is no need to use be.
• Modals would or should are the past tense of will or shall.
• Modals could is the past tense of can
• Modals might is the past tense of may

The modal verbs fulfil different functions in the subcorpora examined. These fall
mainly in the categories of interpersonal and textual functions. The interpersonal has
to do with (a) politeness and (b) affective strategies. The textual function of modals
greatly contributes to the presentation of ideas in discourse. 13

13
Alonso-Almeida, Francisco. On the mitigating function of modality and evidentiality. Evidence from English
and Spanish medical research papers. 2015, Intercultural Pragmatics 12/1, 33–57

14
 CHAPTER III
EXERCISE

A. LISTENING

In the listening test, you will be asked to demonstrate how well you understand
spoken English. The entire listening test will last approximately 45 minutes. There are

four parts, and directions are given for each part. You must mark your answers
on the separate answer sheet. Do not write your answers in your test book.
Part 1: Photographs

Instructions: for each question in this part, you will hear four statements about a
picture in your test book. When you hear the statements, you must select the one
statement that best describes what you see in the picture. Then find the number of the
question on your answer sheet and mark your answer. The statements will not be
printed in your test and will be spoken only one time.

1. Look at the picture marked number 1 in your textbook.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

2. Look at the picture marked number 2 in your

textbook.
(A)

(B)

15
 (C)

(D)

3. Look at the picture marked number 3 in your

textbook.
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

4. Look at the picture marked number 4 in your textbook.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

5. Look at the picture marked number 5 in your textbook.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

6. Look at the picture marked number 6 in your textbook.

(A)

(B)

(C)

16
 (D)

7. Look at the picture marked number 7 in your textbook.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

B. READING
The National Monument

The National Monument (Monas) is icon of Jakarta, besides that the National
Monument is a masterpiece and national pride for the Republic of Indonesia, by
displaying various dioramas the development and achievements of the struggle
Indonesian people. Then in the book Monuments and Statues in Jakarta that: The
National Monument is know as Monas. It is located in Gambir, Central Jakarta. The
National Monument stand in the middle of Medan Merdeka square. Monas was built on
August 17, 1961 under the instruction of president Soekarno. This monument
symbolizes the mighty struggle of the Indonesian nation, the 17th August 1945 is a
milestone that needs to be preserved for the Indonesian people. Therefore, it is
appropriate for this magnificent city to be made a "National Monument
Commemoration", so that Indonesian people always remember this extraordinary event
this extraordinary event. This is also the case strengthened in the book of Tourism
Guide Indonesia as follows:
The National Monument was established to commemoration of the mirror of the
nation's struggle Indonesia throughout the ages, and as monument of the proclamation
made on August 17, 1945. 1945, this number was used to calculate of this part of the
National Monument building. The number 17 for the number of entrance steps, 8 for
the height of the golden flame at the top monument, the number 45 is realized in the

17
 length of the tunnel. The National Monument was built started on August 17, 1961 by
President Soekarno for implementation, this work was was handed over to the architect
of the building, namely Soedarsono with Construction Advisor Prof. Dr. Ir. Roesseso,
while President Soekarno gave instructions. Soekarno gave instructions.

The National Monument or more popularly known as Monas or Tugu Monas

is a monument that was erected to commemorate the struggle of the Indonesian
people in seizing independence from the Dutch East Indies colonial government, as
well as a monument that continues to inspire and inspire the spirit of patriotism of
future generations, and the National Monument is a cultural heritage located in the
Indonesian Special Region of Jakarta. 14
This is what makes the National Monument very well known by the Indonesian
people because it has an important value for the people of Indonesia. The Regional
Government is responsible for preserving a Cultural Heritage, so the National
Monument is the responsibility of the DKI Jakarta Regional Government, the role of
the DKI Jakarta Regional Government to preserve and utilize the National Monument
this Cultural Heritage National Monument as well as possible. 15

Preservation of Cultural Heritage has several aspects of preservation include:

1. Protection by means of rescue, security, zoning, maintenance, and restoration of
cultural heritage.
2. Development through research, revitalization, and adaptation.
3. Utilization for social, educational, scientific development science, religion, culture
or tourism.

Preservation is an activity that is carried out continuously, directed and

integrated in order to realize certain goals that reflect the existence of something that

14
Rohimah, ‘A Genre Based Approach in Improving Students’ Writing Narrative Text’, Tahdzib Al-Akhlaq:
Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2.2 (2019), 3.
15
Syahputra, F. N. (2023). ANALISIS PERIZINAN KEMENSEKNEG NO. B-3/KPPKKM/02/2020
TENTANG PERIZINAN FORMULA-E DI AREA MONAS DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG
NO. 11 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG CAGAR BUDAYA (Doctoral dissertation, FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS PASUNDAN).

18
 is permanent and eternal, dynamic and selective. Preservation efforts are heritage
management efforts to extend the life of cultural heritage objects, sites or historic
heritage areas by means of protection of the concept of utilization of cultural heritage
buildings maintenance, utilization or development to maintain sustainability,
harmony and carrying capacity in responding to the dynamics of the times to build a
quality life, as well as protection to prevent any symptoms or consequences. prevent
any symptoms or consequences 16.
1. Where is the National Monument located ?
a. West Java
b. Central Jakarta
c. West Jakarta
d. Central Java
2. Who gave instruction to build Monas ?
a. President Soekarno
b. President Soeharto
c. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
d. Prisident BJ Habibie

3. What is the text about ?

a. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
b. Public Place in Jakarta
c. National Monument
d. Ragunan zoo
4. How tall is the monument ?
a. 135 meters
b. 132 meters
c. 139 meters

16
Ardiana Yuli Puspitasari and Eppy Yuliani, ‘Konsep Pemanfaatan Bangunan Cagar Budaya Di Kawasan
Kota Lama Semarang’, Jurnal Planologi, 16.1 (2019), 121 <https://doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v16i1.4385>.

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 d. 136 meters

C. GRAMMAR

1. Positif (+) : Subject + Modals + Verb1 + Object

Example : I will send a message to you

2. Negatif (-) : Subject + Modals + Not + Verb1 + Object

Example : I will not send a message to you

3. Interrogatif (?) : Modals + Subject + Verb1+ Object

Example : Will you send a message to me ?

D. WRITING

MEMORANDUM

Structure of an Essay

- Introduction

• Dramatic opener or hook

• Transitional sentence

• Thesis statemnt

- Body ( can be three or more paragraphs long )

• Topic sentencs

• Details and examples

• Concluding transition sentence

- Conclusion

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 • Summary statement

• Clincher

Example of Personal Essay

I Want to become a ………..

In the world there are tons of jobs you want to do or try. When I was young I

wanted to become a singer, actor and a model. It was around when I was 5 or 6. When I

was 111 wanted to become a youtuber to make fun, beauty and DIY ( do-it-yourself )

Video for people who watch Youtuber. But now I want to become a disegner. I

want to make clothes for fashion shows and for people who want extraordinary cloths

what others do not have.

Also I want to become a baker. I like to bake cookise, cakes and other desserts. I

also watch lost of baking and cooking shows and videos. My favorite show is called

“Cak Boss” , It talks about one bakery making awesome cake.

For both of the jobs I need to learn patient, because I can start lost of things but

I have can finish them. And also I don’t even know yet who I want to become.

Execise

What has the best period in your life so far and why ?

Write an essay of about 300 words describing the time of life when you were
the happiest, and explain why you were happiest then ( You may choose to write a
present event as well)

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 Title : ________________________________________________________________

Introduction : __________________________________________________________

Body : _______________________________________________________________

Conclusing : __________________________________________________________

E. VOCABULARY

Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

1. Nadhira . . . . rest well last night. She felt fresh when she woke up.

a. Can't

b. Can

c. Could

d. Couldn't

2. When . . . . the meeting be held?

a. Will

b. Would

c. Can

d. Could

3. Tantri is rich. She . . . . . help us to pay or debt.

a. can't

b. will not

c. can

d. will

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4. My daughter . . . . . . make her own bed when she was 10.

a. Will

b. will not

c. can

d. could

5. . . . . . you pass me the pepper?

a. Can

b. Will

c. won't

d. can't

6. I…. meet him at the airport tomorrow.

a. Should

b. Could

c. Can

d. Would

7. Ella…. speak French and German.

a. May

b. Can

c. Could

d. Will

8. Anyone… make a mistake.

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 a. May

b. Can

c. Could

d. Should

9. It’s a great town. You… visit it some day.

a. Could

b. Might

c. Should

d. Had better

10. …. I ask John to help us ?

a. Should

b. Ought

c. Could

d. May

F. SPEAKING

Situation : Kean ang his father are having dinner in the dining room
Kean : Good evening, Dad!
Father : Good evening Kean! Where will you go?
Kean : I am going to Yoga’s birthday party. It will not be long. promise, Dad.
Father : Where is the party hold ?
Kean : It is hold in Tambora Garden City Hall. I am going there with Toni.
Father : Okay, you may go. But you have to eat your dinner first. Your mom is
already cooked your favorite food.
Kean : Of course.

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Father : Promise me you will not be late to back home.
Kean : I promise, Dad.
( After finishing the dinner )
Kean : Iam leaving now, Dad. Toni is waiting for me.
Father : Be careful. Send my greeting to Yoga.
Kean : Okay, Dad. See you.

1. Where are Kean and his father ?

2. What are they doing ?
3. What will Kean do after dinner ?
4. Where Yoga’s party be held ?
5. Find the expressions used in the dialogue !

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 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

Based on the Modals Paper, it can be concluded that in modals there are
11 types of English modals, namely : CAN (dapat), COULD (dapat), MAY
(boleh), MIGHT (boleh), MUST (harus), OUGHT TO (harus), SHALL
(akan), SHOULD (akan/sebaiknya), HAD BETTER (sebaiknya), WILL
(akan), dan WOULD (akan).

All modals have their own functions. The difference between one modals
and another lies in the emphasis of the meaning contained by the modals
themselves.

By remembering the use of modals that we have learned, it will help us

in determining the right modals sentence pattern. Starting from how to ask for
advice, permission and so on.

26
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