Theoretical framework

time management refers to a set of principles and skills that helps a person use their time more effectively to
reach their goals and align their values and philosophy to their schedule. Many people who begin to improve
upon their time management skills find that their stress levels decrease. This is because the leading cause of
stress is feeling out of control. Time management helps minimize surprises in daily routines and maximizes a
person’s efficiency. In his philosophy of time management, Brad Aeon (2017) explores beyond the impact on
productivity, task management, and the need to “get things done’. He argued that time management will
boost your performance at work and at school, but time management has a much much stronger impact on
your well-being, your mental health, and on your sense of purpose and meaning, ”. Brad looks at time from
the perspective of mental and physical well-being, and how poor time management leads to stress and ‘very
clear markers of time pressure’.

Foreign rrl

In the study College students' time management: Correlations with academic performance and stress by
Macan et. al, (n.d) states that one potential coping strategy frequently offered by university counseling
services is time management. 165 students completed a questionnaire assessing their time management
behaviors and attitudes, stress, and self-perceptions of performance and grade point average (GPA). The study
revealed 2 major findings. The Time Management Behavior Scale consists of 4 relatively independent factors;
the most predictive was Perceived Control of Time. Students who perceived control of their time reported
significantly greater evaluations of their performance, greater work and life satisfaction, less role ambiguity,
less role overload, and fewer job-induced and somatic tensions. Findings are consistent with theory and advice
on time management (e.g., R. S. Schuler; 1979) but also indicate that the dynamics of time management are
more complex than previously believed.

Macan, T. H., Shahani, C., Dipboye, R. L., & Phillips, A. P. (1990). College students' time management:
Correlations with academic performance and stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 760–768.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.760

Time management behaviours have been found to positively predict job satisfaction and psychological well‐
being.
reported a positive relationship between time management behaviours and job satisfaction in university staff
members, employees of public social service and a department of correction system, and a group of autonom
ous and unsupervised teleworkers. CitationVan Eerde (2003) demonstrated that individuals who are able to se
t goals and priorities, manage their times, prefer to work in organised surroundings, and have relative percepti
ons of control of their time, are less likely to have issues with psychological well‐being.

The mediating effects of time structure on the relationships between time management behaviour, job
satisfaction, and psychological well‐being

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00008.x

Research relating procrastination and mental health suggests that poor adjustment may be explained directly by the
stress resulted from worry/anxiety over the delay, and indirectly by the tendency to put off important coping behaviors.
In the present study, participants (80 women, 24 men; age range = 18-33 years, M age = 21.12 years old, SD = 2.03)
completed Spanish versions of a measure of coping behaviors related to mental health and a procrastination inventory
evaluating the tendency to avoid starting or completing tasks across a variety of everyday situations. Results indicated
that procrastinators compared to non-procrastinators reported significantly lower positive actions and expression
feelings/needs. Significant predictors of procrastination by students were low positive actions, expressing feelings, and
assertiveness. Implications are considered relevant to student personality and development.

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67769783/Procrastination_and_mental_health_coping20210626-
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