Time management is a skill that every student should not only know, but also apply.

A lot of

students complain about running out of time when asked to do a certain task, they get

frustrated due to the fact that they are not able to make it before the deadline. Time

management is extremely important, especially when it comes to students due to the fact that

it will boost their grades and enhance their productivity (Laurie & Hellsten, 2002). In addition,

time management is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling and budgeting one’s time for

the purpose of generating more effectiveness work and productivity. Most of the time students

face problems like task aversion and uncertainty, so they start to procrastinate due to the fact

that they lack of organizational skills. As a result, students will not be able to organize duties

according to their priorities, so they get distracted easily, ending up procrastinating. As we can

see, time management is quite essential to student, and it is one of the keys to higher academic

achievements.

In the Relevant Literature, the various group of students who exploited time-saving

proficiencies notably had rich academic achievement. They accomplished those students who

do not use time saving techniques in their educational surrounding having significantly lower

academic as compared to results students who employ time- management tactics have

considerably higher achievement(Lisa & Robert, 2008).

The researchers will reveal that the students’ time management skills affect their academic

achievement at a significant level and the skills are one of the predictors of academic

performance. The relevant literature suggested that students should start to acquire time

management senses on their own in their primary school years by reading

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materials on the issue or via the framework of psychological counseling and guidance studies

applied in schools and adopt effective time management attitudes and techniques to determine

how and where they spend their time.

The main purpose of this research is to improve the academic performance of the students in

PISFI that lead them to finish their Senior High School successfully, and to determine on how to

manage their time between Academic and Non-academic Performance of the Grade 11

Students.

Theoretical Framework

Existentialism Philosophy

This philosophy is learner centered which gives direction to students regarding their study.

Learners will responsible of their academics because they just seek guidance from teachers but

take decisions and manage all activates themselves. This study depends upon pickle jar theory

which is the most relevant and modern theory of time management educated in administration

course. Wright (2002) gave the idea of jar theory that focuses on time management. This theory

expresses that human beings need to be create balance among things and activities while

adopting time management techniques effectively. Time is around distributed for different

activities and tasks fit well where they are relied upon to fit. People have numerous needs in

lives, for example, academics, work burden, and family obligations. The important thing is that

how a person manages all responsibilities and tackle problems on time. It is most vital for

students to manage time and do all tasks related to studies.

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Time Management Grid

According to Harris (2008), time management grid involves placing the activities that need our

attention on a grid. This theory reveals how grid in each activity is being categorized based on

how soon it needs to be done. The grid consists of 4 quadrants and each quadrant has a

different priority level.

The first grid which is quadrant one has tasks that have the highest importance and bear

urgency and therefore should be done immediately. The second grid has important activities

that are not as urgency that actively demonstrates that it refers to the activities in this quadrant

as “quality time” which means that while the activities are of importance to the success of a

company, they do not require to be done immediately. The third grid consists of activities that

bear urgency but are of no importance. This grid is therefore also known as the distraction grid

since the activities contained therein do not bear much importance to helping one achieve

goals. The forth grid contains activities that are neither urgent nor important.

Goal-Setting Theory of Time Management

According to Pynes (2008), goals assist us to properly focus and work towards achieving the

things that are important to us. The Goal-setting theory advanced by Locke can be used to

effectively manage a person’s time. This theory is based on the premise that a person will be

more motivated to perform if they have clear and specific goals and objectives. According to

this theory, high performance can only come from clear expectations.

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Personal goal setting enables a person to plan and therefore live life in their own way. By

setting goals that are both challenging and achievable, a person will have a clear idea of what

needs to be done and will be motivated to work towards the set goals. A person will therefore

avoid wasting time on activities that do not assist in the fulfillment of the desirable goals.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to identify the effect of Time Management to the Academic Performance of

Grade 11 Students in Philippine Integrated School Foundation Inc. (PISFI). Specifically, it will

seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the Signs of Poor Time Management as a Student?

2. How Does Procrastination Affect Student's Time Management in Academic Performance?

3. What is the Extent of Student’s Time Management in terms of:

1.1 Time Planning;

1.2 Time Attitudes;

1.3 Time Wasters?

Significance of the Study

This research provides knowledge that may help to:

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Students. This means help them improve their grades and their academic performance that

may affect due to the progressiveness of their time management skills.

Teacher. This means to show them the reason behind the struggles of students when it terms

to their academic performance, it can enable them to adjust and administer their teaching skills

effectively.

School. This means to show them when there is a good academic performance among the

students, the school will also be recognized by others. This may bring a positive feedback or

comments about the school from other people.

Parents. In this study, they could give advice to their sons and daughters to say that education

is important and by engaging in different aspects is necessary to attain good performance.

Future Researchers. The study may help them to get some important details about time

management and academic performance to have some background of the effect of particular

study.

Scope and Delimitations

This study will attempt to find out the Effect of Time Management to the Academic

Performance of Grade 11 Students in Philippine Integrated School Foundation Inc. (PISFI), The

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Impact of Procrastination to the Academic Performance among Students, and The Extent of

Student’s Time Management in terms of: Time Planning, Time Attitudes, and Time Wasters.

For the particular reason why time management is chosen in this research due to the fact that a

large percentage of Grade 11 Students in Philippine Integrated School Foundation Inc. (PISFI) at

Bangon, Marawi City enrolled in academic year 2022-2023 will become procrastinate in working

their academic performance that will able to make a poor academic performance in their

grades for the reason that students will fail to pass their academic performance if they don't

able to apply the time management in every student who want to have a better academic

performance.

The respondents of the study will be limited to at least 30 Grade 11 Students of Philippine

Integrated School Foundation Inc. (PISFI) at Bangon, Marawi City enrolled in academic year

2022-2023. Each of the respondents will be given a questionnaire to answer through

conducting a survey. The researchers will randomly select the respondents from different

strand to avoid biases.

Definition of Terms

These are words that are frequently used in our research :

Time Management

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According to Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (1999), time management is the ability

to use one's time effectively or productivity, especially at work. In this study, Time

management is an ability that every student should not only know, but also apply. A lot of

students complain about running out of time when asked to do a certain task, they get

frustrated because they are not able to make it before the deadline.

Academic Performance

According Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (1999), academic performance is among

the several components of academic success. Many factors, including socioeconomic status,

student temperament and motivation, peer, and parental support influence academic

performance. In this study, academic performances involve the students’ classroom

participation, attitude towards learning and teaching, learning capabilities, motivation and

discipline and soon.

Existentialism

According to Oxford Dictionary (2000), existentialism is a philosophical theory or approach

which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent

determining their own development through acts of the will. In this study, existentialism is a

belief which each students should be responsible for creating purpose or time management in

improving their academic performance.

Procrastination

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According to Steel (2016), procrastination is to voluntarily delay an intended course of action

despite expecting to be worse off for the delay. In this study, it refers to the student who

intentionally postpone the important task in academic that should be done as soon as possible.

Goal-Setting

According to Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2013), goal-setting is a theory of motivation that

explains what causes some people to perform better on work-related tasks than others. In this

study, goal-setting is the practice of setting of individual performance targets for students.

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