CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Time is precious to anyone. For individuals, time is important in accomplishing

individual tasks on time, and in businesses; every single minute can be converted to

profitability. Time Management skills can help build the confidence and energy to

succeed. Such skills can benefit students' overall performance, especially when all

elements of their work, academic and personal life are clouding together, coming to

classes on time and finishing tasks and assignments are very important responsibilities

of students to achieve their personal goals and ensure better performance (Julbe,

2020).

“A plan is what, a schedule is when. It takes both a plan and a schedule to get

things done” (Peter Turla, 2016). Students have faced many problems with regards to

balancing their day to day lives with extra-curricular activities such as clubs, sports,

hobbies, or jobs. It is an obvious fact that a majority of them are troubled about how to

properly manage their time adequately on a daily basis which hinders their possibility of

studying to improve their academic performance because of overload of the activities.

Poor time management happens mostly for students who have a lot in their

hands and most often the causes of these are poor planning skills, failing to set

priorities, having unclear goals, and being unmotivated.

This study aims to determine whether the socioeconomic status of the parents of

the students has a significant relationship to the academic performance of Grade 10

Special Program in Sports (SPS) students of General Santos City National High
Statement of the problem

1. What is the level of time management of the respondents in terms of:

1. prioritization;

2. procrastination, and;

3. socialization?

2. What is the academic performance of the respondents?

3. Is there significant relationships between time management and academic

performance?

Hypothesis:

Null: The time management has a significant impact on the students’ academic

performance.

Alternative: The time management has no significant impact on the students’ academic

performance.

Scope and Delimitation

The purpose of this study will be about Time Management and its Impact on

Academic Performance. The primary subjects of these studies are Grade-10 Learners

of the sports curriculum batch 2022-2023 of General Santos City National High School

(GSCNHS). The scope of this study will be limited to two (2) sections of Grade-10

learners who are currently enrolled in the sports branch; twenty-five (25) learners will be

selected per section to answer a questionnaire to determine their level of difficulty with

managing their time.

Significance of the study

The result of the study would benefit the following people:

Students. This study would provide knowledge on time management. It will give the

students wisdom that time management can affect a student’s academic performance.
Teachers. This study would help them to understand for what makes the students

comply with their late requirement due to lack of time management.

Parents. This study would help their son/daughter step by step in dealing with their time

management.

School administrators. This study would help them be aware of their student’s actions

within the school and how well they display their performances in their respective

classrooms. They will also understand why their students perform poorly in school.

Community. This study would provide them information in order for them to know the

essence of time management to the student’s life. They also benefit from knowledge

about how to improve performance and how to manage their time.

Guidance Counselors. This study would give them insights into how to deal with

students who are negatively affected by time management.

Researchers. This study would benefit from the idea that to have a good performance

in school, they will have knowledge about the relationship of time management. The

gathered data also give an understanding about the importance of time management in

school towards the students’ performance.

Future researchers. This study would benefit them in terms of using this as a guide in

identifying students’ performance in studies. Future researchers will also use this as

reference material for their upcoming researchers.

Definition of Terms

To completely comprehend what is being studied, the following terminologies are

operationally defined.

Time management – the process of organizing and planning how to divide your time

between different activities. Get it right, and you’ll end up working smarter ,not harder, to

get more done in less time-even time is tight and pressure are high

Achievable – able to be brought about or reached successfully “it was an ambitious

goal, but it seemed achievable.

Time - The measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or

condition exists or continues.

Academic – defined or seen as the extent to which a student, educator, or institution

has reached their short- or long – term educational goals, as assessed by exam grades

at the end of a specific time (term, semester, or program).

General Santos City National School is a public secondary educational institution

located in Calumpang, General Santos City that offers programs that specialize in Arts,

Sports, Journalism and Science Technology and Engineering programs.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and studies which

helped the researcher in conceptualizing the variables undertaken and which they found

useful in the development of this study.

Review of Related Literature

Seven habits of highly effective people provide a useful framework for teaching

time management skills to students. According to (Covey, 1989) Habit 1 is “Be

Proactive”, which means taking responsibility for one's academic performance and that

a student can influence their academic outcomes. Habit 2 is “Begin with The End in

Mind'' or goal setting. This habit relates to Garcia-Ros et al.’s long-range planning. For

students, long-range planning can include setting goals for the academic semester or

academic year and setting milestones to meet academic deadlines. The activity of

identifying what is due in a semester and the due dates can be considered short-range

and due dates can be considered short-range and mid-range planning. Habit 3 is

“Putting First Things First”, which is a behavior of prioritizing activities that are in

alignment with a student's academic goals. The activity of pre-planning when to study

and executing the plan can be considered a Habit 3 activity. Time Management has

mechanics like lists, schedules, and perceived control of time (Macan et al, 1990).

(Bacon, Fulton and Mallot, 1983) used a checklist system to improve employee

performance. Their system included a checklist of tasks and periodic supervisor review.

The percentage of completed tasks increased by 29%. For our research purposes, we

propose a Time Management intervention for college students which includes learning

about 7HHEP, identifying what academic deliverables are due and when (short-range to
mid-range planning), and to specifically pre plan study time for the coming week

(prioritizing). It is anticipated that success in developing these habits in academics will

also prepare them for the workforce where large software development projects often

include setting short-range milestones and prioritizing tasks. Studies also showed that

procrastination is usually associated with anxiety and low grades (Hafner et al. 2014)

(Britton & Tesser, 1991) Students who regularly identify what assignments are

due and when may be more aware of their academic demands and may be less likely to

forget to submit an assignment. Turning in more assignments will result in fewer zero

grades and consequently a higher course grade. Students who regularly pre plan their

study time are more likely to follow through with their plan and actually study, which

should increase their knowledge attainment and their assessment grades. Identifying

their academic demands may influence students to purposefully load balance their

study plans with work and life demands, potentially minimizing time conflicts, and avoid

procrastination. The rational and intellect required by high-school students to achieve

academic success may segue into students’ university skills, enabling them to transition

to university confidently. However, although this transition may be facilitated before and

during work-integrated learning experiences, there is predictably a disconnect between

skills learnt in high school education and the skills required at universities

(Bandaranaike, 2018).

(Niel M. Madridano, March 2019) Research stated that the inability to pass the

tasks on time was the most important factor that has affected students in terms of

projects/assignments. (Argie Luardo, 2018) Good time management enables you to

work smarter –not harder –so that you get more done in less time even when time is

tight and pressure is high. On the other hand, failing to do so causes stress and

damages your effectiveness. Unless time is managed properly, nothing worthwhile can

be accomplished. Time is also a measure of effort and perseverance in your work.

Therefore, time management is often thought of or presented as a set of time

management skills. The theory is once we master our time management skills, we’ll be
more organized, efficient, and happier. Spending a little time learning about time

management techniques will have huge benefits now and throughout your career.

Review of Related Studies

(Dr. AI-Zoubi, Maysoon (2016) conducted a study on the effect of time

management on academic’s achievements. Researchers show that there is a significant

relationship between time management and academic performance, for those who are

able to properly manage and promptly do their task on time tend to excel more than

those who could not.

As a scrutiny to Dr. Maysoon Al-Zoubi’s study. The lack of proper experience and

training of being able to properly manage one's time as to how is the main impact as to

why their academic achievements are low or declining.

(Mannie Lloyd Astudillo, 2019) Research stated one of the most common factors

that affected the student's working nature. In the academic performance, respondents

stressed that they were unable to answer the questions given by their teachers due to

lack of time for review.The rationale for how a time management innervation may

positively affect academic performance is as follows. Some researchers consider time

management as one of the factors that influence students' study efforts and teaching

students how to monitor their time and study environment will enhance their ability to

make wise decisions about their study times. (Risko et al., 1991)

Conceptual Framework
 This study consists of two variables: time management as the independent

variable and academic performance as the dependent variable.

Time Management as the independent variable is one of the features that

belongs to an efficient way of planning, and a component of efficient planning which

provides an in-depth idea on how a day may go, this allows the ability to properly

organize and plan out on how to divide between different activities within a certain time

frame.

Academic Performance as the dependent variable refers to the measurement of

student achievement across various academic subjects or is measured by the average

marks of the previous semesters and the total average marks. It is often identified as

grades, honors, awards, or grade point average (gpa).

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research which helped the researcher in the process

conducting their research.

Research Design

The quantitative approach of a descriptive survey was utilized by the

researchers. It included the researcher's process,procedure, or analysis of the data

gathering data on the relationship between the socioeconomic status of parents on the

academic performance of Grade 10- Donaire in the Special Program in Sports of

General Santos City National High School with the use of a survey questionnaire.

Environment

This research was conducted at General Santos City National High School

(GSCNHS) - Junior High Special Program in Sports. This Special Program offers

extracurricular activities such as The Special Program offers Aerobic Gymnastics,

Rhythmic Gymnastics, Women’s Artistic Gymnastics, Pencak Silat, Sepak Takraw,

Athletics, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Archery, Arnis, and Chess.

Respondents

Grade 10 Special Program in Sports at General Santos City National High

School were chosen as respondents in the research. Grade 10- Donaire with the total

number of 42 students.

Instrument
 A survey questionnaire was provided. The survey questionnaire was a checklist

that required the student to check the level of importance from 1 being the lowest which

is Never or 5 being the highest which is Always from the 3 different aspects of time

management which are Prioritization, Procrastination, Socialization and a copy of each

students grades from the adviser.

Data Gathering and Process

With the assistance of the letter of consent signed by the teachers and respective

heads of the sports curriculum and the school, the research will also request approval of

conducting the survey from the participants themselves. After giving approval, the

respondents will be given a questionnaire, and they will write the answers on the

questionnaire itself. Once they have completed the questionnaire. Afterwards, the

researchers will collect the papers before finally thanking the respondents for their

cooperation. The recorded outputs will serve as the researchers’ basis for the study’s

analysis, interpretation, findings, conclusion, and recommendation.

Statistical Treatment

Mean, Scaling, frequency count, and percentage in treating the data and

determining the relationship between the two variables, time management and

academic performance was used.

Point Scale

The description of mean of the Liket’s scale on Time Management tables were

identified based on the scale from the Simply Psychology.

Never= 1.00-1.49

Rarely= 1.50-2.49

Sometimes= 2.50-3.49

Often= 3.50-4.49
 Always= 4.50-5.00

The relationship of the students’ time management and academic performance

were computed using Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson r) and Student's t-test.