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"The Effects Of Time Management On The Academic

Performance Of Gr.11 Gas Student"

A Research Proposal Submitted to The Senior

High School Faculty of Ligao National High School

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

General Academic Strand

Laurence Patano

Micah Redada

Abigail Humangit

Nessa Podrido
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Arwin Atanante

January 2024

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 (Introduction)

Background of Study

Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Delimitation

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

Chapter 2 (Methodology)

Source of Design

Source of Data

Population and Sampling

Data Gathering Procedure

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Instrumentation

Data Analysis

References

Appendices

Background of the Study

One of the problems being faced by most students is their lack of time

management, this often results to cramming, extra stress, less sleep and drainage due to

the fact that they don’t spend their time properly. They waste time in leisure such as

playing online games or doing other things, rather than finishing their pending tasks first

which is more important and this results to laziness, prioritizing self-luxurious and doing

other things rather than the stuff that they’re supposed to do.

Time Management is a structured system that helps you organize projects and

various tasks in your life. It is when you properly spend your time properly or having

schedules for everything. It means you do certain activities at certain amounts of time,

this often helps to know which ones to do first and the next. It also means to use your

time efficiently without wasting any second, like budgeting how many hours or minutes

you will study for a certain quiz or test and how many minutes in other activities.
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Having poor time management, not only brings more stress but it will also bring a

force of multi-tasking due to so little time left because the excess time was wasted on

doing other irrelevant activities. With lack of time management, a person can develop

insomnia, mental health issues due to pressure and stress and also it can bring symptoms

such as overfatigue, restlessness and etc.

With poor time management, it is hard to finish all tasks that has been given and

can develop difficulties in keeping up which results to being stacked up or piled school

works, projects and activities. Consequently, a huge rush and cramming is forced when

there’s limited time, especially if the due date or deadline of the projects or outputs are at

stake or near the clock.

Time management plays a vital role in improving student’s academic performance

and achievements. Each and every student should have time management ability which

includes setting goals & priorities, using time management mechanism and being

organized in using time. Here time management is only possible through self-motivation;

performance, ability and motivation (Brigitte, Claessens, Eerde, & Rutte, 2005)

Time management practices have an impact on the results of students as empirical

studies done by past researchers. In spite of knowing about the impact of time on

academic achievement, this relationship is not given importance by the students (Sevari

& Kandy, 2011). At higher education level the study schedule must properly planned,

implemented and controlled for better results. Emphasizing time also helps to develop

cost effective educational policies by the authorities especially at higher education level

(Kaushar, 2013).
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We know sometimes there doesn’t seem to be enough time in the day, and that

things fall to the wayside as a result. While this happens to the best of us every once in a

while, students who struggle with time management on an ongoing basis don’t do

themselves many favors. In this post, we cover some of the serious consequences that can

happen when students don’t manage their time properly (Catherine, 2016).

According to theclassroom.com, poor time management can add to that pressure.

If a student feels as if they are constantly playing catch up with academic work, they may

exhibit signs of stress including headaches, anxiousness and disturbed sleep.

Time management is a very challenging task for students. The social environment

is one factor that may cause conflict with their proper time management. This may cause

poor academic performance. Lipon, J.., Gilles, J.., Co Jr, R.., Arias, M. C.., Navelgas, N..,

Notarion III, J.., & Perfecto, M. G. A. (2019). Factors That Affects Time Management

Skills and Its Impact to the Academic Performances of Grade 12 ABM Students in

Bestlink College of the Philippines S.Y. 2018-2019. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink

College of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(1). Retrieved from

https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/1416

According to Patrick (2013), time management often involves students

monitoring their own efforts and actions, having an appropriate sense of urgency to

complete assignments, and having the ability to efficiently follow step-by-step

procedures.

Good time management skills have been identified as having a “buffering” effect

on stress (Misra & McKean, 2000) and are a key indication of higher performance and
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lower stress and anxiety in higher education (Kearns & Gardiner, 2007). However, many

students find it hard to regulate both their studies and their external lives (Van der Meer,

Jansen, & Torenbeek, 2010) leading to time mismanagement, poor sleep patterns, and

increased levels of stress (Hardy, 2003).

Ling, Heffernan, and Muncer (2003) found that students perceived poor time

management to also be related to particular negative examination outcomes—whether

this is actually the case or whether this is a case of self-serving bias, there is a clear

association between student performance and their ability to manage time effectively.

The researchers conducted this study to encourage students to practice proper

time management in both academic-related activities to reduce stress and avoid

cramming. This is to utilize the time of students to accomplish all the tasks needed to be

done within a specific time span.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of time management on students’

academic performance.

Furthermore, it will answer the following questions:

1. How do students manage their time? In terms of

A. Academic Activities

B. Extra curricular Activities

C. Leisure Time

D. Household Chores

2. What are the factors that hinders Time Management?

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3. How effective is time management for increasing students’ performance?

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of time management on academic

performance of senior high school students in Ligao National High School, S.Y

20232024. The respondents are Grade 12 Students from the General Academic Strand

(GAS).

The study did not include other tracks and grade 11 because the 12 GAS has more

academical outputs to be passed.

Significance of the Study

The outcomes of the study will benefit the following:

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. because they will be encouraged to manage their

time for better academic performance.

STUDENTS OF OTHER GRADE LEVELS. Because they will gain knowledge of the

importance of managing time correctly and efficiently.

TEACHERS. For their students will be able to pass outputs on time.

Definition of Terms

1. Cramming
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Conceptual Meaning: refers to the act of studying for an examination by memorizing

facts at the last minute.

Operational Meaning: It can also mean to force a lot of things into a small space

2. Leisure

Conceptual Meaning: Free time

Operational Meaning: use of free time for enjoyment

3. Self-luxurious

Conceptual Meaning: Self enjoyment

Operational Meaning: Relaxing and satisfying to the highest level

4. Efficiently

Conceptual Meaning: in a well-organized and competent way

Operational Meaning: in a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum

wasted effort or expense

5. Irrelevant

Conceptual Meaning: Not important

Operational Meaning: Not connected with or relevant to something

6. Empirical

Conceptual Meaning: based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or

experience rather than theory or pure logic

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Operational Meaning: refers to collection of data using evidence from reliable sources

7. Implemented

Conceptual Meaning: to put something into effect

Operational Meaning: to put or use something to its purpose

8. Mismanagement

Conceptual Meaning: the process of organizing or controlling something badly

Operational Meaning: Controlling something in the wrong way

9. Buffering

Conceptual Meaning: takes time to load or process

Operational Meaning: lessen or moderate the impact of (something)

10. Regulate

Conceptual Meaning: control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so

that it operates properly

Operational Meaning: control or supervisor

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Conceptual framework

This framework shows that Effective Time Management and Poor time

management (independent variables) has an effect on students’ academic performance

(dependent variable). The Academic Performance of the Students depends on whether the

time management is effective or poor.