THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME MANAGEMENT ON THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF ILIGAN CAPITOL COLLEGE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

DIACAT, NORHANNAH L.
OLAMA, NAWFAL D.
ABDULMANAN, HADRE D.
SAINODEN, SAINOR M.
MACOL, ALJHAN C.
SAIPODEN, SITTIE AYNAH B.

2024
 CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Time is an intangible natural treasure that human beings have during their life span. It is the

most important fundamental structure in the universe that we need to maximize. It is the one thing we

can never get back, once it’s gone it will never get back. Sabelis (2001) believes that time management

and efficiency demand standards and the highest level of planning habits. The study from previous eras

and an array of how-to books stated that one can utilize their time efficiently and effectively by

maintaining time records, making short- and long-term goals, prioritizing obligations, creating to-do

lists and organization, and arranging one's workspace. People decide what activities they’re going to

include this day, week, month, and year. It reflects a person’s home and work. With that, people are

aware of how important time is, as they going to manage it productively without wasting any single

second to have an adequate performance and greater outcomes. However, to be able for us to have a

productive way of using time, one solution to this is to set adjustments, utilize, and manage your time.

Time is the most important thing that we have to manage all the time, to have greater

performance in academics and even in other activities, if we don’t manage our time nothing will

change to greater outcomes, (Alex, 2009). We know that schooling is not easy after all, it demands a

lot of time for having a reason that, nowadays school work, performances, projects, and other activities

are getting harder for them. This is one of the problems that many students struggle with as they find it

hard to use their time well and productively. It becomes a serious problem for every student not just

because of the demands of school but also because of having poor time management which also affects

their personal responsibility.

 Students find it hard to regulate both their studies and their personal responsibilities (Van der

Meer, Jansen, & Torenbeek, 2010) which leads to time mismanagement, poor sleep patterns,

procrastination, and increased levels of stress (Hardy, 2003). Time management isn’t easy after all, it

will take a lot of practice to be manageable in time most importantly in balancing in all aspects. One of

those common problem that affects student’s time management is procrastination habit, laziness, and

prioritization. Procrastination puts off assignments or activities until there is little time left before the

deadline. (Rothblum and Solomon, 1984; Rothblum et al., 1986). Laziness, a habit in which a student

lacks determination, chooses not to work hard, and tends to avoid work even though they are capable

of doing it (Beghetto, 2007; Mish, 1994, Ellis, 1991). Prioritization which every person chooses a

priority first before everything else (Bobby,2016).

According to (Misra & McKean, 2000) and (Kearns & Gardiner, 2007) poor-time

management skills have been identified as having a “buffering” effect on stress and are a key

indication of lower performance, stress and anxiety furthermore as it affect student with their

performances if they don’t manage and balance their time on it. Subsequently, Time management can

be one of the most important yet, challenging. It needs a lot of practice and maintaining for you to

accomplish and done whatever activities and other school works you have to finish while still

energized to still manage to do other activities and or for you to make a space for a rest or spending

time for yourself and also to have the time to socialize with other people. According to (Pugh &

Nathwani, 2017; Nasrullah & Khan, 2015) throughout the history, there has been a great emphasis on

the effective and efficient management of time which has also been considered the “key to success”,

which means that time management is very important and it’s one of the practices that a person should

emphasize and balance to achieve our goals.

 In (Savino, 2016) statement that ”time management has also been defined as a form of self-

management with a clear emphasis on time in understanding what activities to do; how to do them

more efficiently; in what in what time it should be done and when is the correct time to the particular

activity”. Time management can contribute a lot of help for your balancing in time to have a clear and

clean schedules, so that you don’t get pressure that much in doing your performances and whatever

activities, further more for good- time management also reflects when you manage your time

effectively, getting a good night sleep is essential for your brain and body to recharge itself, and its

reflects positively on your health and energy levels. Time management skills have been shown to have

a positive impact on student learning and student outcomes (Kearns & Gardiner, 2007; Kelly,

2002; McKenzie, Gow, & Schweitzer, 2004) and Krause & Coates (2008) indicated that the ability for

successfully managing their time is the benchmark of students in developing better study habits as well

as strategies for success. Considering how time management is effective in every students, it appears

worthy to investigate the relationship between time management and student’s academic performance.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study endeavours to ascertain the relationship of time management between academic

performances of Grade 11 HUMSS student in Iligan Capitol College. Through the investigation of the

researchers, they may find out what could be the relationship of time management and its possible

effect to the student’s academic performance. These research seeks to answer the following inquiries:

1. What is the demographic profile of the students? In terms of:

1.1 Name (optional)

1.2 Gender

1.3 Age
1.4 GPA

2. Does time management significantly influence student’s academic performance?

3. Does Grade 11 HUMSS student in ICC experiences variations in time management between their

academic and personal responsibilities?

3. Is there a correlation between time management and academic performance on the students of Iligan

Capitol College?

1.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

TO CONDUCT A SURVEY ACADEMIC

TIME MANAGEMENT
QUESTIONNAIRE PERFORMANCE

Figure 1.1

1.4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

THE PICKLE JAR THEORY

The pickle jar theory will help individuals to visualize priorities as well as the amount and size

of tasks that can be done realistically (Klims 2010). It also talks of the approach that will make one

manage his time which will make them do well in their academic performance (Okorie 2014).
 This theory was created by Jeremy Wright (2002), he uses the analogy of an empty jar to think

about how an individual make sure of available fixed amount of time on a daily basis, those approach

will make students better learn on how to manage their time and use it appropriately in beneficial

activities. Pickle jar theory believes in a scale of preference, it entails that making plans for all activities

and arranging them according to the most pressing ones can help them get important work done while

still leaving time for the small things that make life fun. The theorist viewed that if students should plan

and make thoughtful decision in the use of their time schedule, they can get important work done while

still leaving time for other small activities.

On the other hand, the Basis understanding of time according to Nweze (1995) is that time is a

unique resource and inelastic while everybody share equal amount of time resource. The difference lies

in the way each person manages it. Pickle jar theory empathized that no time management should be

without balance. The theorist viewed that time management balances all activities one engages himself

with, and that student should ensure the time should first be allotted to the most important needs before

the less important ones. Knowing that you have completed your assignments and required outputs and

meet you deadlines can make students less feel guilty about taking off sometimes for their self

(Academic advising and centre, 2010). According to Karim et. Al (2012), if students wants to be

successful in their life they must manage their time effectively.

In addition, the theory stresses that if students should make time for everything, and everything

simply sits well where is supposed to be, there will be balance in time management. The theory is

therefore used to offer explanation on how in-school learners manage their time starting from more

important things such as attending classes, studying and doing class assignment, while the less important

things like watching movies and playing games, and the likes should be minimized. Furthermore, time

management is like keeping diary that schedules the persons time in terms of keeping track of daily
plans activities. Any high performance required by competitive conditions forces organization and

directors to use time effectively and stipulates the search to control time (Alay and Kocak 2003)

For school institution, students who managed their time effectively would do better in academic

performance. On the other hand, when students’ fail to plan or cannot manage their time well, it could

lead to unproductivity and poor performance in their academic (Okorie, 2014). As we can see, time

management is quite essential to a student and it is one of the key to higher academic achievements

(Kelly, 2014). In line with the present study, the pickle jar theory has the closest details of explanation

in supporting to the problem about the relation between academic performances of the Grade 11

HUMSS student in Iligan Capitol College.

1.5 HYPOTHESES

The relationship between time management and academic performance of students is very

common here in Iligan Capitol College. Those students who effectively manage their time are more

likely to achieve better academic performance. It will be the cause to improve your skills and learn more

how to manage their daily lives or responsibilities and keep better results of your work.

Ho1: Poor time management does not significantly influence the academic performance among

Grade 11 HUMSS student in ICC.

H1: Time management significantly influence the academic performance among Grade 11 HUMSS

student in ICC.

Ho2: There is no variations in time management between the academic and personal responsibilities

among Grade 11 HUMSS students in ICC.

 H2: There are variations in time management between the academic and personal responsibilities

among grade 11 HUMSS students in ICC.

Ho3: There is inter correlation between time management and academic performance among Grade

11 HUMSS student in ICC.

H3: There is a correlation between time management and academic performance among Grade 11

HUMSS students in ICC.

1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The primary goal of the researcher is to determine if there’s a relationship between time

management and academic performance of Grade 11 HUMSS student in Iligan Capitol College.

Through the use of understanding, the researcher can gather a useful insights of how time

management can really be effective in the students and analyse how it affects their academic

performances. In view of the fact where students struggling to manage all the workloads and their

personal responsibilities to have more efficient time. Through the survey questionnaire we will be

able to know how time management significantly affects every student academic and personal

responsibilities and the researcher will be able to know if there is a relationship between time

management and academic performances among Grade 11 HUMSS students in ICC.

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance will give a lot of help and knowledge in managing their time to balance it well

between the academic performances of Grade 11 HUMSS student in Iligan Capitol College. This study

would be beneficial to the following:

Students. This research will help students to recognize the possible relationship between time

management and their academic performances and also to give a knowledge of how time management

has a lot of help for them. It gives students some strategies how to use time effectively.

Parents. This study can give information for parents of students that how important for a student to be

manageable in their time and how helpful it is in terms of their academic performances.

Teachers. This research could help the teachers lessen the stress they’re going through with their

students and could also help the students improve their learning in their academic performance.

School Administration. This can be beneficial to school administration to use as a basis for

implementing the raised curriculum and on how to enhance the learning processes of every student.

Future Researcher. This research will serve as a beneficial for the researcher to acquire more

knowledge about this topic, and also for the research to have an insight about the relationship between

time management and academic performance.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Intangible - Incapable of being touched, having no physical existence, not tangible or corporeal.

(Meriam Webster, 2024).

Time Management - Time management is the process of organising, planning, and controlling time to

get more and better work in done in less time. It is defined as “behaviours that at achieving an effective

use of time while performing certain goal directed activities ( Claessens, 2007” and “practices intended

to maximize intellectual productivity ( Britton and Tesser, 1991).”

Academic Performance - Academic performance is a dynamic concept that includes of a student's skills,

attitudes, and behaviors that contribute to academic success and the measurement of student

achievement across various academic subjects in school (Hijazi & Naqvi, 2006).