ELECTROSTATICS

 Electrostatics is a branch of physics that deals

with the phenomena and properties of stationary
electric charges.

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ELECTRIC
CHARGE
 ELECTRIC CHARGE

 The property of attraction or repulsion between

the substances is called the electric charge.
 It is a fundamental physical property that causes
objects to feel an attractive or repulsive force
toward one another.
 Electric charge is generated by the transfer of
electrons from one to other substance.
 The SI unit of charge is the coulomb (C).

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 TYPES of ELECTRIC CHARGE

There are two types of charge:

 Positive charge: Positive charges are associated
with protons, residing in the nucleus of an atom.
They are represented by the symbol “+”.
 Negative charge: Negative charges are linked to
electrons, which orbit the atomic nucleus and are
denoted by the symbol “-“.

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TYPES of ELECTRIC CHARGE

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TYPES of ELECTRIC CHARGE

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 Electrostatic induction
 Electrostatic induction: The modification in the
distribution of electric charge on one material
under the influence of nearby objects that have
electric charge. Electrostatic induction occurs
whenever any object is placed in an electric field.

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 Electrostatic induction
Because of the electric
force between charged
particles that constitute
materials, a negatively
charged object brought
near an electrically
neutral object induces a
positive charge on the
near side and a negative
charge on the far side of
the neutral object.
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 electroscope
 It is a device that is used to detect and test the
nature and magnitude of electric charge on a
body.

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Construction of electroscope

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 Working of electroscope
 When no charge is present, the metal leaves
hang loosely downward. But, when an object with
a charge is brought near an electroscope, one of
the two things can happen.
(1) When the charge is positive, electrons in
the metal of the electroscope are attracted to the
charge and move upward out of the leaves. This
results in the leaves having a temporary positive
charge, and because like charges repel, the
leaves separate. When the charge is removed,
the electrons return to their original positions, and
the leaves relax. 12
 Working of electroscope
(2) When the charge is negative, the electrons in
the metal of the electroscope repel and move toward
the leaves on the bottom. This causes the leaves to
gain a temporary negative charge, and because like
charges repel, the leaves again separate. Then
when the charge is removed, the electrons return to
their original position, and the leaves relax

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