CLASS: 12th

NOTES: CHAPTER 1;
TOPIC: ELECTIC CHARGES AND FIELD

ELECTRICITY: A property of a particle which allows it to attract an

another particle (should be light) is called ELECTRICITY.
FRICITIONAL ELECTRICITY: The electricity that is developed in any
substance by rubbing it anyhow or by friction is called FRICTIONAL
ELECTRICITY.
ELECTRICALLY CHARGED PARTICLE OR BODY: The rubbed
substances which show the property of attraction to another substance
are said to have become ELECTIFIED or ELECTRICIALLY CHARGED.
NOTE: charge can always exists on the bodies that having some mass.
ELECTRIC CHARGE: Electric charge is an intrinsic property of
alimentary particles (electrons, Protons, etc ) of matter which gives rise
to electric force between various objects.
OR
Charge is something that, due to which any object is able to attract or
repal opposite and similar objects respectively.
Electric charges are of two kinds:
1. POSITIVE
2. NEGATIVE
SPECIAL ABOUT ELECTIC CHARGES:
 +ve with +ve results repulsion
 –ve with –ve results repulsion
 +ve with –ve results attraction
Quantity = scalar ; SI unit =COULOMB(C)
Electron is negatively charged = ē= 1.6×10-19 and proton is positively charged
with same quantity as electron have.
NOTE: charge on alpha particle = two times of charge on proton
ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL: Large scale matter that consists of equal
number of electrons and protons is ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL.
 CLASS: 12th
NOTES: CHAPTER 1;
TOPIC: ELECTIC CHARGES AND FIELD

CONDUCTORS: The substances which allows electric charge to pass

through are called CONDUCTORS.
INSULATORS: The substances through which electric charge cannot
flow easily are called INSULATORS.
ELECROSTATICS: The study of electric charge, its intensity, forces,
fields, and potential associated with the electric charge when it is at rest,
is known as ELECTROSTATICS.
APPLICATIONS:
 In electrostatic loudspeakers.
 In flash collections in chimneys,
 In Xerox coping machine.
NOTE: The charge on glass is considered as +ve and on plastic body it
considered as –ve .
With the help of plastic and glass we can easily find out charge on
another bodies.
Electroscope is used to find out the charge on given
bodies.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: Phenomena in which a material
gets charged by brought electrically charged object near it.