Physics II n – number of electrons

e – charge of each electron

ELECTROSTATIC
ELECTRICITY
Conductors and Insulators
- A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged
particles. CONDUCTORS
- The flow of electrical power or charge.
- Can conduct electricity.
- The outermost electrons are free to move.
The word ELECTRICITY is derived from the Greek word Example materials: copper, aluminum and other metals.
“elektron” which means amber, the hardened, fossilized sap of
prehistoric tree.

A Greek named Thales discovered that amber, when rubbed INSULATORS

with silk, attracted feathers and other light objects.
- Cannot conduct electricity.
- The electrons are tightly bound to the atom.

Electricity is a natural force that existed in our world. Example materials: wood, glass, paper, rubber and etc.

Electricity had positive and negative elements and that

electricity flowed between these elements. He also believed
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGING
that lightning was a form of this flowing electricity –
Benjamin Franklin Charging by Friction

- Rubbing things together

In 1752, Franklin conducted his famous kite experiment.

Charging by Conduction
ELECTROSTATIC - Charging by contact
- Static electricity refers to the electric charges at rest.
- Electrostatic charge produced when there is an
imbalanced of electric charges. Charging by Induction

- Charging without touching

ELECTRIC CHARGE

- “Electric Charge is the property of subatomic particles

that causes it to experience a force when placed in an
electric and magnetic field.”
- Subatomic particles: proton, electron and neutron.
- The smallest of amount charge is called elementary
charge (e)

𝑒=1.6023 𝑥 10^(−19) 𝐶

- Unit or charge is Coulomb, named after French physicist Coulomb’s Law

Charles Agustin Coulomb.
Electrostatic Force between two charges – Charles de
Wherein,
Coulomb
1 𝐶="6.24 × 1018 electrons"
Coulomb’s Law states,
ELECTRIC CHARGE EQUATION

𝑞=𝑛𝑒
q – electric charge
𝐹_𝑒 – electrostatic force

k – electrostatic constant =9 𝑥 10^9 (𝑁𝑚^2)⁄𝐶^2

𝑞_1 - charge of the first particle

𝑞_2 - charge of the second particle

ELECTRIC FIELD

- Electric field is defined as the amount of electric force on

a charged body exerted by external charged bodies.
- Field forces are forces that act between objects even if
they are not in contact.

ELECTRIC FIELD LINE

Electric Field and Electric Force

This equation only gives us the electric field of a single source

of charge.

In reality, we deal with charges which are distributed in an

area or space.

An electric field is indicated by electric field lines, which

travel from positive to negative ends.
The spaces between the electric field lines describe the
strength of the electric field

In a uniform electric field, a charge will experience an electric

force described by the following equation:

Electric field is a vector quantity.

This means that all of the rules in vectors can be applied in

solving the total (resultant) electric field in a point.