Machine and Process Capability

Table of Contents
Page
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4
2. Terms......................................................................................................................................... 4
3. Flow Chart for Machine and Process Capability Study ............................................................ 6
4. Machine Capability Study......................................................................................................... 7
4.1 A Machine Capability Study in Detail ............................................................................ 8
4.2 Data Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 9
4.2.1 Study of Temporal Stability.................................................................................. 9
4.2.2 Standard Method................................................................................................... 9
4.2.3 Manual Calculation Procedure............................................................................ 11
4.3 Machine Capability Study with Reduced Expense........................................................ 12
5. Process Capability Study......................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Procedure....................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Data Evaluation (Standard Method) .............................................................................. 14
5.2.1 Studying the Process Stability (Analysis of Variance and F Test) ..................... 14
5.2.2 Studying the Statistical Distribution ................................................................... 15
5.2.3 Calculating Process Capability Indices............................................................... 15
5.3 Data Evaluation (Manual Calculation Procedure)......................................................... 16
5.3.1 Studying the Process Stability ............................................................................ 16
5.3.2 Studying the Statistical Distribution ................................................................... 16
5.3.3 Calculating Process Capability Indices............................................................... 16
6. Interpretation of Capability Indices......................................................................................... 18
6.1 Relation between Capability Index and Fraction Nonconforming ................................ 18
6.2 Effect of the Sample Size .............................................................................................. 19
6.3 Effect of the Measurement System................................................................................ 19
7. Capability Indices for Qualitative Characteristics................................................................... 20
8. Report of Capability or Performance Indices.......................................................................... 20
9. Methods for Calculating Capability Indices............................................................................ 21
9.1 Method M1 .................................................................................................................... 21
9.2 Method M2 .................................................................................................................... 22
9.3 Method M3 (Range Method)......................................................................................... 22
9.4 Method M4 (Quantile Method) ..................................................................................... 23
10. Distribution Models .............................................................................................................. 24
10.1 Distributions from the Johnson Family ....................................................................... 24
10.2 Extended Normal Distribution..................................................................................... 25
11. Examples ............................................................................................................................... 26
12. Capability Indices for Two-Dimensional Characteristics ..................................................... 30
13. Forms..................................................................................................................................... 31
14. Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 37
15. References ............................................................................................................................. 39
Index............................................................................................................................................ 40

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