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2.
Cosee (oc)- *
, x to and (-0,-1]v[i,~).
3 cos («)»x
Ro 4T and D4 [-1,
se()=*
R o a <T, x
#I and Dg- (- o,-u[i,)
2
5.
tom (a) =
x
6. Cot (a)= *
o < T md D4 R.
Cos n
Ces
tom tan n
cora = Cos n
sin 3
1.
Sin n+ cos n
ste'r- tan'x i.
3.
Codtc- cot *x = .
SPpeii
Hpnust
Hypolinuse tomo=pesile
Cos O -
V2
tom
cot
ce 2
a -
i n tve Au he t-Yalis
Co&Lc +ve are +ve Adol Sugay To
- - + T- +* - x 2T-2aT*x
-Sinr Cosr ces x Sim a|-Sin * |- cosn|-csSa in n
Ces Cos in - Sin |- cosx-ces| - Sinx in Ce Los
Tan tanx cotx -ctz |-tanr| tanx
tam ctr -ctx tan
co -ta |tom* |-tama-ct| e t |tana-tanx-co cetx
fan(ny)-
tan t Tany
- Ton n tany
tam(a-y)a
tana-Tay
+ tan a a n y
Co y +Cot x
cot(n-y)= t a co y +L.
coty - cotr
tan Kany ~am2
2.
Kan(ny+) zan x+tmyt tn 2- -tan 2 ran .
tan
Tan 2
Kan y tany 3
-
4 2 sinlnry)t sinln-y).
sin a ceiy =
in a biny
=
ts(-y)- cos (a+9).
5 sin 2+ in y = 2 sin aty c 2
2
2
cda
s i "(-a)- - s i
i n 2a = 2 sin
cos'.
sini C e s ' - r ) =*
-
ces*
-
cos 2
1.
tan' (-)= - tan
2 cos'a
-
cos 2
'(-x) T- cot'a
i-2 sinx
=
Cos 2x cot
Cosec-a) = - cosue
7. in 2a =
s e ( - a ) = T -s e e ' x .
&. n 3a = 3 sina - 4 i n x .
ssea =
cs
cos
tan
ces(cos r ) - x.
tom tony= tan
tan (tan a) - tan tan r= x
c o t ( t a ) = *.
eet (cot ) :
see(see ) = x.
tan
"y 7T +
* + Cos ' =
Ces
tan'a + ct . ) - tan a
2 t a m ' a.
tan 3o/6la MaKL Lepter 3: Matrices
M a t r i c e s = Aow x colu mn
A
an
Ami amn
A [aj/man
As crtlec a mabin onades (os) tps mx n.
2
and
Tan'n ta e
dapane main oth saase
natin d
1dn is 3.
orden i 2.
ase t i e
Note: The ebmen an a22 a s 3 * * "ar
elemtnth He sgrwau
maein A*laijnx
aagonal
(Siagomal maiin
elbminti as
3oo
Amatiin having the en
- diaaonal
not s. ) niangulas maiin
may
a may is allda
And h diagmal
eemeni
Amabin ,ppes
a ua
2iangulas
Tiianglat maiin.
A[ailaxa called
w A iiangulas mati
sou
n is wité,
as sbictly iangula ao f aliai,?, s , . . n .
WiA disg.zonal mainu maaiees.
l a,, 1 . as3...
Ann 3. () Adollien
aiaqgnal
()scalas maliin.
whick a l l diagnal eltonenz ae
main in
A diagonal
ua Then, A+8 a
are sealas matiices
b+3
Le drt
(vi) alantty matiin o ) unit mañin:*
scala mati wheh each diagmal ebment is Not:{ A and8 au ot
q The sam otda, hen At8 is
a n e ilinti& r uni
ultiactin matiic
p mulas mahia
7 a s c maRin whi eh has a l l the elemeniá baoas */7
Th
psineipnl diagmal as
34o. Then, A-8
( ra
iiamsulas malhin i
d-t
7
ane maiise h i e h has a l he elemarió alboe
h aderJ
paincipal diagmal as
3no Rules: . A+8 8+A. naAs.
[a, e and c a some
(AtB)+C =
A+ lB+c). oamd A S
= A = 0 + A. Ois a null m a n i n
A+ sama iaeA.
4.a)(-A)- O -CA)+ (
Wht A:a,7 d ib addtur i n e (ant)(6).(ev))
(e)
mX Ax 8 (axs)+(6va)+
(det)(exv)(f*»)
-A: -ijJmn (as)tle ru)./t)
(any)(bx t)|
19 A -3 and dcolas vmbut 3. =
Ax 6(a z)+ (6r3) (cy)(drt)
ea)ds)
Lea)(f) (xy)+(*)
5A:2x3 x
-3x 39x3 8xA is mot dufined.
3A
amd
, A
A[a]
nan
nalhin ,
her
Praprtin tvanapos
( y A: [a,i]
s an
(DA) A
AOx Onrq
A s caltol e
A) -A'
maiin
He
Sn a p t o d a t AB, callio
the pest
Wo:
6
and he
matiin
(w) (aa)'- a't8
- faco Ki
main A has be
facta.
ho t aay
that
main B anel h me (A-8)': a'-e
he
Ly A.
Ke r a b i i n
post-mukipdicd
mulaie y
been e - 6. iymmetive madiin .
has maie.
s2uau
4. ) Pawess A
39uae malii calld symmtiie A-A.
hi sguon
mñin.
t A
E: i. skeus - symmiiie maliin
AA
hn A
muwlyplied by any nm-zo eal numbe.
8. Jnuenible matiices.
No: Thu Anw beames t h cotumn amd hu cotumn t A be a mpas matiix d e n, then A aled
becmes the no he hanposn qa manin. nvili innretbt itf hue erusts a s9uaie mahin
d
nliy lon Ma ths Chapter 4: Drtermina nts
inants
mtu-
has it m m i n i a nigu e l umby alhd dlanin ai
artu
V
a mabi n, dndtd ty dt a ar Inl smolimts, a dimirnrm
Ne A 1. nittir
. thin detiuminant
det A- lAl- a
.alut t a dlimirant
ochminant a mabin of 1du ru.
at a
-[a] he a
sune matir f rdu 1, e n det A la -
anel nbe
of h aiiminart h umbs itel! iielal= a.
dt A anad i valu is
gjiotn by
tA -| A 4 la2.- aa/aa
a2 - A11121
5(-1)-3()
-5-
a32
ndi nluu
by
ht A =
|. hen
ag2
A3
s)-Ai»(a1s-43s1)+
ai (a
Aa-1)*"M,
nasg-4as A t-1)"M
+3
arit alisnalinl e
: Working Ruk. frst how
anit
he
elmtnliKe
alurays
has pouliwe A2-)*M2 2* Ma
sign,
he finst element -4
2
an ualix eone edum
Aas a any
dominant
ti dilisminant By any
signed ementby
a
aotumn in 4
npanin
Mudtp
each and hi
sow (s cohi)
hi
poduili felemená a n y
sow
A A An 1 A2 + 3 A13
jMij i t j s oda. +
5. Phopesies elizminani
each ilnent
vnbu
no,
ALn u 7
nan
somm t h i s nowla) column o
3eo
hiuminan 6 máAis
peny io: JL A and ae
squaue
Pep
d e , Then d t As - odet A. olet B.
k, #in a
dilbiminant
2 # umbes
Calut Re
w
rittplind
diuminam
by
is
same
k Emes he a 7 7R n i i n a
dilisunenent
N : The d t i m i n a n t fa skus- ymine T *d mder nak
.
l i i s sas d c d m n s a ditmerant
ndday s
o prtal1l
suh t h a t Ki elemtna e n e n e 2ui- a l p e s
ase he
,
7:
cael limat a Aow lb) a ceiimn detormirant
minan
bii sum
f io mett ilisminanb
be npssid as
lrnenti lmant
conspond
Chapter s f e r e n t i a t i o n
j|Mam nometvienctions :
Serivatives 7Trigo
Wott
() tnpmertal puniim
a
dogaitknie unetin
(as n)
a. a
d
t -) -esu () loa/ loya-la9a
d
valus funcim
2 Berivatives absolute 5. Som impertant dedulioms
alg
du a. Nott
e r i afives Inese rigenomnhie hunelie
3.
69(oya)
(sim")
#o
lcos)-
aloa dr loja)
(ta)* .+ 6.Serioatisx of shne a,v me kteeitabl hunei
0(t) l ) = u dn
dlv og u)
()(er")
4.Serivativesenponuntial
and koganitkmie untins
6) lonx). >o.
dr
Chapter
& Sntegrals
me
elmintay
Fower Rule umnales. 4uatient :Rran.
4 denaminalot
ntl + C , nz . oumominalin
dn 2 wo
nt Apeeial om:
0dr x +C.
nt
x.
log/»/+C
,
+C,
afi, Foun stamdasol ntigsals
09a'd a
loga tan n dn logl ue »l+C = n -oglces n|tC
a t dr log lainal+e
a = .
C.
6i)simn
dr» - oj
cntandt
k-
ds,
9kfo)dr=k/{) a
-
+/f(9ka.
t)+f-)As =f44)4 ds -dog/»+V+ar/+c.
htigsalier by substtlaien:
ta
logln+/at-a?+c, I»/ >a.
i
-
/ t ) dr-Fl»)+C. Not
ato. Pt
lan +b)dr-Fax+)+ c,
md
an+batc Jlan + bn +c
A (2an +6) + 8.
(an*+bx +c)+8
-
P+4 A
Frulins
alin
ktigradun y
nions
Pr umd LATE vu
- a ) x -6)
() -6)( - )
An+8 Ca
+arttb +Cn +d
(+ar+6)(»*+cr+d)
+d
whue * + a r +b, ^t
en
annt be atoued
n1
wnde
nei: up
itaral meend rtigtal (mit roports h r i htiztalh
-
T t rtim
tost x htigral nd Ptd Jf(t) dt
y-/4h.
LKausPaebability
0 AC8, han h u n s
A
eiB
( + )A
evtn
)nd
#/fla-»)ds
PIA) EP(8)
kHla4A)d«/flu-nds.
Pl8-A)- P(8)-PA)
. f i s - ) . - A )
P/A)+Pla)-1.
PA)+ PlA,}t... +P{An)-i
lddtin. therem mprdbabilitu
PAUe)-PA) +pl6)-P{AN8)
PAUB)= P(1-8)+P[8-A)+P{An6)
P[AUB): P/A) +P(8-A) -Ple)+P/A-8)
P(A)=P(A-8)+ P/An8)
P(8)- Pl8-A) +P(An8)
P(A-B)= P(AN)
P(B-A):P(An8)
PHA)+P/8)-PA-8)+P[8-A)+2P/An8).
HAN)
-Plan6)-P(anc)-
FAUGUC)» P{A)+ M6)+P)
+P(an8nc).
2. Lenditmal Probability
0 PlA18)- PAn8) , P(®)4o.
P(4)
6) P(B1A)- P(AnB), PA) to
PIA)
Eguation
o P(AI8) < 1:
Chapter
P(AUBI F)
P(A'1B)- 1- P(A18)
)+P(8IP)-P(An 81IE\ Maths
4 .Order_and degr
derio lher
hste Pewe
dr deysue. deyres
eivaiae.
o1dus1
amelem
a
y t = o
s.
p o l y n e m i a l
P(EP(AlE)
in
ordu 2 ,
s h o d e l
be
Song
PIE)P{AIE)+P(E)P(AIE) rential eqations
h e diourtal eqyuti
9y)
dy-fta) d. ha
6
daid
s
equstin can be solred
diferentat
h
R
uch tapallens
aiabtas tyasablh aned
selitim gir 7
betk sidles.Gereal
ymligsalig
7 + C,
whee C & *
/f)d*
/949) ay
a s i i a r y m s l a n T
eyualient
3 Hamog¢necus dleental dy-f(%j)
dgonantal auatien h o fom dn
dleentta
s called a hemogentous o e n t i a
etca- 9(,y) fundien
dy aed 9 (n,1) e hemo9eneous
eauotion #(»)
REGRLS310N
dfesentat uatin dt
(feuntal
Ttuus, a he
fpis d LiNEAR
( 2:
C h a p t e r
1/ caltd a
homogene a Maths
T sotur homogeneous dpntial equat
put y-vVx ,
Then
v+ dand
d
hu salues
4uatien t
amoa
d
will be udueiblh vasiabte
the giu
habit s ()
u
* - 4
and
v = y - 8 ,
Euv-1
tutv), amuml mias;
Coutr, )
Lnty
+ ineas_dlfeuntial Cualos Y Eny b
x -83
60 amd
V=
Y
called a dintas difesenbnl ualior f h . h
in y dyvariaá:
3. Regsnin oicend
d e v i n t i n
s t h d l a r d
*-Vaniatt
d m a l
Pda
a e
umbe.
y -7
elutin
m u m b e s .
is gitn by m a l l
ae
y
y (i.F)-/g(LF)d + C.
s
sodtion by 8.
e JPay
ama y-
u x -4
1E. ,
hin t kas as
an
amol
y, tu'-tu)
v a n i a b t i
bb
tndeptndent
Cov (n )(g-9)
Agiutin
a n
lina
Tho
Vany
i s
y-) Ma vniable
yb E y Euv-&utu pendent
tyL (t)
The eausin lime y - Vasianel
Vasiane 711
-
=
b (y-9).
oe
7paputus s
gesion
ybry and o Pl.y) au h sam gn.
Gi) o
by b
byx. by i.
y amd6y s
manesically nató, Ha
thA is
mesically malls Kan
han m, t
e
The t o tgsemion lines 2tsut at l%.7)
i) The wo ugusin lins wineide
{ anol ronly ,
P c t lintas selation bztn x andy tie. and.
PCM,y) = tI.
andy
o , hn h lines Ngesion a panaliel te.
Coendirati anes.
espenohculas
so t h tao ta,\
earh
hu.
acuti ang e hascen tvo Algsesien lines is
Tam e