The Health effect of alcoholism of grade 12 ICT and ABM students

Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the study

Alcohol is a calmative that affects the body it is also a drug that can be toxic and
addictive. In many ways . The type of alcohol in the alcoholic drinks we drink is a chemical
called ethanol. To make alcohol, you need to put grains, fruits or vegetables through a process
called fermentation (when yeast or bacteria react with the sugars in food - the by-products are
ethanol and carbon dioxide). Some people find that when they drink alcohol, they can relax, and
it helps them to temporarily forget the things that are bothering them. But alcohol may affect
student’s health and this is what the researchers will find out in this study. Student must know
what is healthy and what is not The things that the researchers observed that leads to the
curiosity is that most of the students who drink alcohol are becoming addicted to it no matter
what age they are, whether male or female.

According to Center for behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (2017) by age 12 to 21,
about 7.7 million young people reported that they drank alcohol every month. According to a
report released by the World Health Organization (WHO) Harmful use of alcohol killed more
than 3 million people worldwide in 2016, or one in 20 deaths, representing over 5 percent of the
global disease burden, In Qc, Philippines The respondents who drink alcohol are the SHS
Grade 12 ABM and ICT students, ABM 21 (40 out of 44 students) = 90%, ABM 22 (15 out of 17
students) = 88%, ICT 21 (24 out of 28 students) = 85%, ICT 22 (20 out of24 students) = 83%
from ages 17 to 21, with the total of 99 out of 113 students of ACLC Commonwealth.

AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC) is a leading computer training institution in the
country offering full 2-year programs and short-term courses. The respondents are from ACLC
Commonwealth and the population of the SHS Students Grade (12) ABM and ICT the are with
the total of 113 students but the total of all Grade (11) and Grade (12) are more than 400
students and the researchers only get 40 students out of 113. A study by Galbicsek (2019)
Alcoholism is the most severe form of alcohol abuse and involves the inability to manage
drinking habits. It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder is
organized into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. Each category has various
symptoms and can cause harmful side effects. If left untreated, any type of alcohol abuse can
spiral out of control. The researchers wanted to conduct the study to investigate the problem.
The aim of the study is to raise awareness or become an eye opener to this problem.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

40/113 Students from ABM 21 22 and ICT 21 22

Demographic profile: Causes/Reasons: Effects:

- Name - Pressure - Inflammatory damage

- Section - Low self esteem - Brain
- Age - High Stress - Heart

SURVEY

DATA ANALYSIS:

SIMPLE PERCENTAGE %

EFFECTS

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATION

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Theoretical Framework

Study conducted by Legg (2017) the possibility causes of alcohol to the of students It
can be peer pressure, low self-esteem, high level of stress and lastly is living in a family where
the alcohol is accepted. Below of the arrow is the sign or symptoms of alcohol to the health,
mentally and emotional condition of the students it can be a dizziness, loss of coordination
especially in school activities, memory loss, and change of mood. To the health condition it can
have a cirrhosis, liver disease, in brain it can be hard to think clearly, and to their heart it can
have a cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, high blood pressure and etc.

HYPOTHESIS

There is an effect of alcohol to the health of the SHS grade 12 ABM and ICT students of
ACLC Commonwealth, because most of the respondents answered they are having a family
health issues.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Main Problem:

 What are the bad effect of alcohol.

 How to avoid being alcoholism.
 What will be the cause of being addicted in alcohol.

- Specific Problem:

1. Name, section and age of the students.

2. How often do students drink alcohol?
3. Why do students drink alcohol?
4. Do students feel warning signs of drinking alcohol?

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Main Problem:

 To determine the bad effect of alcohol to the health of students

 To determine how to prevent alcoholism
 To determine why students are being addicted in alcohol

Specific Problem:

1. To determine the kind of effect of alcohol

2. To determine the idea of being alcoholism
3. To determine how many students that addicted of drinking alcohol

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Main Problem:

This study give valuable insight to the students to provide knowledge about alcohol and hopes
to establish a further understanding that could be meaningful and helpful to the society

Specific Problem:

1. Students. This academic study will serve as an eye opener for them that could be able to
them to be more aware or knowledgeable about the effects of alcohol to their health.

2. Professors help /Teachers. This study can serve as a guide or reference that could help
them distinguish the effects of alcohol to their students immediately.

3. Parents. This study can help parents to known what their children are doing and it can be
guide to avoid their child from drinking alcohol.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This study focus on how alcohol can affect the health condition of Grade 12 students in ACLC
Commonwealth enrolled in S.Y. 2019-2020

The respondents of this study are the Grade 12 students in with ACLC the strand of
Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) and those are the section; ABM-21 and ABM-
22 and the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which are the sections ICT-21
and ICT-22. The total population of the two strands is One Hundred Thirteen (113). But only 10
students need in this study, the total of forty (40) students for the respondent for this study.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Alcoholism. This term means excessive and repetitive drinking of alcoholic beverages to the
extent that the drinker repeatedly is harmed or harms others. (Britannica dictionary, 2019).

Anxiety. This term means an uncomfortable feeling of worry about something that is happening
or might happen, or a cause of this. (Cambridge dictionary, 2019).

Dizziness. This term means a temporary feeling that your sense of balance is not good and that
you may fall down. (Cambridge Dictionary, 2019).

Liquor. This term means a distilled or spirituous beverage, as brandy or whiskey, as

distinguished from a fermented beverage, as wine or beer. (Dictionary.com, 2019).

Traumatic. This term means experience is very shocking and upsetting, and may cause
psychological damage. (Collins dictionary, 2016).

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 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

Contain Information, Ideas, Data and Evidence related to the topic.

What Is Alcoholism?

According to Burke, Darla (2017) Alcoholism has been known by a variety of terms,
including alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Today, it’s referred to as alcohol use disorder.

It occurs when you drink so much that your body eventually becomes dependent on or
addicted to alcohol. When this happens, alcohol becomes the most important thing in your life.

People with alcohol use disorder will continue to drink even when drinking causes
negative consequences, like losing a job or destroying relationships with people.

By Burke, D. (2017)

What are the Causes of alcohol:

• Peer pressure

• Low self esteem

• High level of stress

• Live in a family where alcohol is accepted

By Burke, D. (2017)

What are the Symptoms of Alcohol:

•drinking alone

•drinking more to feel the effects of alcohol (having a high tolerance)

•becoming violent or angry when asked about their drinking habits

not eating or eating poorly

•neglecting personal hygiene

•missing work or school because of drinking

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According to University of Washington (2016)

What are the Short term effects:

•Vomiting

•Diarrhea

•Getting Upset

•Headaches

•Breathing difficulties

•Distorted vision and hearing

Stated by Luo, Elaine (2017)

What are the Long term effects:

•Inflammatory damage

a. Cirrhosis

b. Liver disease

•Brain

a. Change Mood

b. Hard think clearly

•Heart

a. Cardiomyopathy

b. High blood pressure

Study conducted by Legg (2017) the possibility causes of alcohol to the of students It
can be peer pressure, low self-esteem, high level of stress and lastly is living in a family where
the alcohol is accepted. Below of the arrow is the sign or symptoms of alcohol to the health,
mentally and emotional condition of the students it can be a dizziness, loss of coordination
especially in school activities, memory loss, and change of mood. To the health condition it can

7
have a cirrhosis, liver disease, in brain it can be hard to think clearly, and to their heart it can
have a cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, high blood pressure and etc.

Local Studies

Research Title: Teenage Drinking

Author: Henrylito D. Tacio

School: University of the Philippines

Year: 2016

INTRODUCTION

Most of these teenagers are not aware of the repercussions they are courting. “When it comes
to drinking, most teenagers are impulsive,” explains Francis T. Lagudas, a soon-to-be doctor
who started drinking when he was already in college. “Their sense of responsibility is not yet
well-developed.” This is truer in the Philippines. “In campuses and colleges, binge drinking
occurs during acquaintance night, promenades, victory balls and pre-graduation parties. So,
there’s always something for these students to do and get drunk,” said Dr. Kenneth Hartigan-
Go, a medical toxicologist. Outside schools, binge drinking happens after final examinations or
during special occasions like Christmas celebrations, New Year’s Eve, birthday and wedding
parties, and even during wakes. It is most common during a rite of passage among college
students.

HYPOTHESIS

There are long-term cognitive consequences to excessive drinking of alcohol in adolescence,”

Dr. Aaron White, an assistant research professor in psychiatry department at Duke University in
North Carolina.

METHODOLOGY

A study conducted by the University of the Philippines (UP) found out that Filipino youths, on the
average, start drinking at the age of 16 or 17. “There are also many cases when children as

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young as 12 years are already drinking alcoholic beverages,” Valbuena noted. “About 37% of
the respondents in the survey have continued the habit of drinking alcohol while 33% said they
only drink alcoholic beverages on special occasions.” Many of these youngsters – some of them
good kids – are even involved in binge drinking. If you don’t know what it means, it is “drinking
that brings blood alcohol concentration to 0.08%” – that’s 80 milligrams of alcohol for every 100
milliliters of blood.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

“The research even suggests that early heavy drinking may undermine the precise neurological
capacities needed to protect oneself from alcoholism,” Butler added. This may help explain why
people who start drinking at an early age face enormous risks of becoming alcoholics. A mother,
whose son was already drinking at the age of 17, said: “I think our children are swayed by
media, television and video games. Kids tend to emulate not necessarily heroes or role models,
but someone whom they idolized.”

Research Title: Alcohol Drinking Behavior Among High School Students In Low-Income Urban
Community

Author: Nonglak Pancharuiniti

School: Batangas

Year: 2019

INTRODUCTION

According to the World Health Organization, the burden of disease from alcohol exceeds
tobacco because harmful consequences lead to death and disability in the younger years of life.
There is widespread of alcohol consumption among 2 billion people worldwide with 76.3 million
diagnosed with alcohol abuse (World Health Organization, 2005). A cross-sectional survey was
conducted to assess the alcohol drinking behavior of adolescents and its related factors among
280 3rd year and 4th year high school students in one purposively selected high school in
Baguio, Philippines during January, 2008.

HYPOTHESIS

It was concluded that family influence, attitude towards drinking and affordability of liquor
were the contributing factors to students' drinking behavior.

METHODOLOGY

This was a cross-sectional descriptive research study in which the data were col-lected by self-
administered questionnaire from January 10 to February 8, 2008.A high proportion of
respondents in this study (74.3%) were 15-16 years old. The data were analyzed by using

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MINITAB. Chi-Square test was used for testing association between the dependent variable and
independent variables and criteria for statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. There were
30.8% of students as drinkers; 47.1% of drinkers were males and 18.2% were females.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

The prevalence of alcohol drinking was30.82% in this population and the average age range of
initiation to alcohol drinking among high school students in this study is <15-16 years old. Two
main reasons why students drank alcohol drinking were to relieve stress and due to peer
influence. The three biggest contributing factors for alcohol drinking behavior were family
influence, intention to drink and the affordability of alcoholic products. A healthy lifestyle
program should be developed both within the family circle if possible and should also be
integrated in the school's curriculum;- The school management should seriously consider the
current school policy, rules and regulations about alcohol drinking.

Research Title: Alcohol use among 10-16 year old Filipinos and its associated risk factors.

Author: Wymie C Pamienta

School: Manila & Cavite

Year: 2019

INTRODUCTION:

The risk of alcoholism among the youth is growing. In the Philippines, a survey was conducted
in the year 2000 which showed Filipinos are engaging in alcohol use at a very age. However,
the earliest possible age was not documented and further assessment of risk factors associated
with alcohol use is needed.

HYPOTHESIS:

Filipino youths are no exception to the growing trend of increasing (48 percent of the
respondents in this study were alcohol users) and early alcohol use (earliest age of alcohol use
as documented in this study was at five years old.)

METHODOLOGY:

Questionnaires were distributed among the randomly selected students. Data collection and
data analysis followed.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION:

The study documented that the earliest possible age at which the respondents used alcohol was
at five years old. Around 48 percent of the respondents were alcohol users The socio-
demographic characteristics which make a person at risk for alcohol use are the following
(p0.001): male sex, residents of urban areas, grade six (11-12 years old), mothers with college
degree and those whose families have no regular monthly income Personal or behavioral risk
factors are the following p0.001); having average grade between 75-80, truancy rate (missed
classes 3-5x), and having a perceived need of finding a job right after elementary or secondary

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education Peer influence is also a major risk factor (57.5 percent of alcohol drinkers in this study
claimed to have been influenced by their friends) Main differences between urban and rural
youth drinkers were also shown.

Foreign Study

Research Title: Alcohol: Balancing Risks and Benefits

Author: Anderson AS

School: Harvard University

Year: 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Throughout the 10,000 or so years that humans have been drinking fermented beverages,
they’ve also been arguing about their merits and demerits. The debate still simmers today, with
a lively back-and-forth over whether alcohol is good for you or bad for you.

It’s safe to say that alcohol is both a tonic and a poison. The difference lies mostly in the dose.
Moderate drinking seems to be good for the heart and circulatory system, and probably protects
against type 2 diabetes and gallstones. Heavy drinking is a major cause of preventable death in
most countries. In the U.S., alcohol is implicated in about half of fatal traffic accidents. [1] Heavy
drinking can damage the liver and heart, harm an unborn child, increase the chances of
developing breast and some other cancers, contribute to depression and violence, and interfere
with relationships.

HYPOTHESIS:

Problem drinking also touches drinkers’ families, friends, and communities.

METHODOLOGY:

In a combined analysis of six large prospective studies involving more than 320,000 women,
researchers found that having 2-5 drinks a day compared with no drinks increased the chances

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of developing breast cancer as high as 41%. It did not matter whether the form of alcohol was
wine, beer, or hard liquor. [10] This doesn’t mean that 40% or so of women who have 2-5 drinks
a day will get breast cancer. Instead, it is the difference between about 13 of every 100 women
developing breast cancer during their lifetime—the current average risk in the U.S.—and 17 to
18 of every 100 women developing the disease. This modest increase would translate to
significantly more women with breast cancer each year.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION:

Given the complexity of alcohol’s effects on the body and the complexity of the people who drink
it, blanket recommendations about alcohol are out of the question. Because each of us has
unique personal and family histories, alcohol offers each person a different spectrum of benefits
and risks. Whether or not to drink alcohol, especially for “medicinal purposes”

Research Title: Alcohol consumption and awareness of its effects on health among secondary
school students in Nigeria

Author: Baltimore

School: Nigeria Secondary School

Year: 2017

INTRODUCTION:

Alcohol consumption among secondary school students is a major public health issue
worldwide; however, the extent of consumption among secondary school students and their
understanding of its effects on human health remain relatively unknown in many Nigerian
States. This study aimed to determine the extent of alcohol consumption and of the awareness
of its negative effects on human health among secondary school students. The study used a
cross-sectional survey design. Self-report questionnaire developed by the researchers was
administered to representative sample (N = 1302) of secondary school students in the study
area. The data collected from the respondents were analysed using means and t test.

HYPOTHESIS:

There is a need to intensify efforts to further curtail the extent of alcohol consumption and
increase awareness of the negative effects of alcohol use on human health among secondary
school students.

METHODOLOGY:

The results showed that male secondary school students moderately consumed beer (55.2%)
and local cocktails (51.5%), whereas their female counterparts reported rare consumption of
these 2 alcoholic drinks (44.8%; 48.5% respectively). The findings also indicated rare
consumption of distilled spirits among both male and female students in the investigated area,
whereas wine, liquor, local spirits, and palm wine were consumed moderately, regardless of

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gender. Finally, male and female secondary school students differed significantly in their
awareness of the negative effects of alcohol consumption on health.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION:

Alcohol consumption negatively affects human health across the lifespan. Previous studies
show that alcohol consumption is associated with a burden of diseases such as cancer,
pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorder,
malignancies, psychiatric morbidity, and injury. Although 18 years of age is the legal limit for
alcohol consumption per policy in many parts of the world, sociocultural influences seem to
hinder strict adherence to this public health policy in Nigerian society. The objective of the
present study was therefore to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and knowledge of its
negative effects on health among secondary school students in Nigeria. Specifically, the study
sought to determine the responses of secondary school students regarding the extent of their
alcohol consumption and the extent to which students are aware of the negative health effects
of alcohol consumption.

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