Name : Marta Izona Ellen Dachi

NIM : P2A422013

Lecture: The Philosophy of English Education

Question:
1. Language is a medium of communication. What is the implementation of this
assumption?
2. Language is social interaction. What is the implementation of this assumption?
3. What is implementation of language competence in language teaching?
4. The behaviorism assumes that language is as behaviorism. What is the implementation of
the theory of language education?
5. Chomsky’s theory 1959 said that language is a box of formula. What is the
implementation of this theory of language teaching?

Answer:
1. Language plays very important role as a medium of communication between two
individuals and it has two forms that are oral and written. Every language has its own
character set, representation structure and rules, but aim was same and that is
‘Communication’. Communication by means of the printed word to a mass audience of in
a form of Newspapers built bridge for progress and uplift of a country. Language can be
used by spoken and written. Spoken and written language could be related to each other.
Based on the intention of the speaker and the writer, spoken language on the one hand
can be heard, as in conversations, and written, as in dictation. On the other hand, written
language can be read, as in silent reading, and spoken, as in reading aloud. For example,
Gruner et al. (1967) found that the twenty-five words that participants in his research
used most frequently were similar in both speaking and writing. However, spoken
language is different from written language due to the distinct modes of acquisition
(Akinnaso, 1982). A distinction between speech and writing can be seen in their
grammatical structures, because each medium of communication serves a different
purpose and function (Smith, 2012). For example, according to Stubbs (1980), writing’s
administrative functions are “…storage of information, permanency, transportability of
information and legal aspects” and its intellectual functions are “building on previous
knowledge, discovery of new inventions, and provision for critical analysis”. This
indicates that each form has its own values.

2. Language is as social interaction. Language and communication cannot separate. People

use the language as a means of communication to express their ideas and feelings. They
communicate either with each other using language in every social interaction;
communicate with others directly or indirectly in the spoken and written form. Therefore,
 language is an important thing of communication in social life. In the social life, language
and society are two things that support each other. It is impossible if there is society
without language and there is language without society, because language is a device to
communicate one to another (Adam J.H, 1982; 3). There is the study to organize between
language and the society that is called sociolinguistics.

3. Linguistic competence is the system of unconscious knowledge that one knows when
they know a language. It is distinguished from linguistic performance, which includes all
other factors that allow one to use one's language in practice. Language competence is
important, without it we cannot make sense or communicate our understanding of a
subject. we will need to develop our language skills, and specifically, our academic
English, in order to: understand and make the most effective use of your study materials.
Language competence refers to the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. The
implementation in language teaching is the quality of teaching and students’ learning will
be enhanced by the clear specification of expected outcomes.

4. The behaviorism assumes that language is as behaviorism. What is the implementation of

the theory of language education. Behaviorists consider learning a language as a set of
mechanical habits which are formed through a process of imitation and repetition.
Humans learn a language through repeating the same form and text until it becomes a
habit. Children imitate the sounds and patterns which they hear around (Lightbown &
Spada: 1999). So, it was proposed that learners would repeat words they heard and tried
to use it in their conversation until it became a regular basis in life. Behaviorists therefore
think that learning a language especially second language (L2) should be learnt through
extensive drill and practice. Besides that, behaviorists also justified that learning a new
language is learning a new set of habit. According to Ellis (1990), learning could be
effected by manipulating the environment to provide the required experience. This lead to
the theory formation of habit is related to the environment where learning process
actually takes place. These habits formation and the environment are recognized as
Stimulus-Response (S-R) by Pavlov and Skinner. In 1950s, school of psychology
successfully prevailed S-R in the form of behaviorism to ensure the connection between
both elements. Behaviorists might consider effective language behavior to be the
production of correct responses to stimuli (Brown: 1987). According to the theory,
behavior happens in casual, associative chains; all learning is thus characterized as
associative learning, or habit formation, brought about by the repeated association of a
stimulus with a response.

5. Chomsky’s theory in 1959 said that language is a box of formula. Language can be used
orally or in writing. in the use of language, language uses words or sentences. which in
the formulation of sentences, can be written using the correct or appropriate formula. The
sentence regularity formula is found in Chomsky's theory, in theory normal form can be
seen in the formal language used. These forms are very useful in language teaching. so
that it can facilitate the delivery of lessons, and students can understand easily.