HUMAN-COMPUTER

INTERACTION(HCI)
HCI
The study of behaviour
between computers and
machines to make computers
reliable for human use.
 DO YOU CONSIDER
COMPUTERS AS BOON OR
BANE? A FRIEND OR A
FOE?
 AS A HUMAN-BEING, DO
YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF
AS A RESPONSIBLE
COMPUTER/MACHINE
USER?
 HOW DO HUMAN AND
COMPUTERS INTERACT?
GIVE AN INSTANCE WHERE
THERE ARE INTERACTION
BETWEEN COMPUTERS AND
MACHINES.
EXAMPLE:
-Computers are used in the different offices to cater
office operational processes, transactions and
business processes. They use different peripherals
like printers, scanners, projectors.
-Computers are integrated with machines to monitor
medical related processes. (Ultrasound, MRI, CT
Scan)
-Computers are used to control and monitor
aeronautical and aerospace fields. (Aircrafts)
GIVE AN INSTANCE WHERE
THERE ARE INTERACTION
BETWEEN COMPUTERS AND
HUMANS.
EXAMPLE:
-Teachers uses computers to create
presentations, class records and other related
activities.
-IT students uses personal computers to create
programs, systems and capstone projects.
-Users use computers and hand-held devices to
play games.
BASIC FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SUBJECT HUMAN:

1. INFORMATION I/O: VISUAL, AUDITORY, HAPTIC,

MOVEMENT
2. MEMORY: SENSORY, LONG TERM, SHORT TERM
3. PROCESSING AND APPLIED: REASONING, PROBLEM-
SOLVING, SKILL, ERROR
4. INFLUENCED BY EMOTION
5. EVERY HUMAN IS DIFFERENT FROM ONE ANOTHER
Vision

Two stages in vision

• physical reception of stimulus

• processing and interpretation of stimulus

The Eye - physical reception

mechanism for receiving light and transforming it into

electrical energy
light reflects from objects
images are focused upside-down on retina
retina contains rods for low light vision and cones for
colour vision
ganglion cells (brain!) detect pattern and movement
The Eye as an Optical Instrument
Aspects of Human Vision
-Fovea Centralis in centre of
retina
-Receives light from objects
-Puts objects in focus
-most of colour sensitive cones are
found
Eye contains different kinds of
receptors: Rods and Cones in
Retina
Rods good for detecting light in
general. Cones are concentrated
responsible for color vision.
 THE EYE

VISUAL FIELD
a - Sharp vision
b - Unsharp vision
c - Only movement seen

Visual field
- refers to the total area in which objects can be seen in
the side (peripheral) vision as you focus your eyes on a
central point.
Human Eye:
Iris, Lens, Retina

IRIS: the coloured part of the eye that

surrounds the pupil.
Human Eye:
Iris, Lens, Retina

Lens: allows the eye to focus on

objects at varying distances and
accommodates near and far vision
Human Eye:
Iris, Lens, Retina

Retina: converts light that

enters into your eye into
electrical signals your optic
nerve sends to your brain
which creates the images
you see.
INTERPRETING THE SIGNALS

Will depend on:

SIZE AND DEPTH(DISTANCE)
BRIGHTNESS
COLOUR
Optical Illusions

-something that plays tricks on your vision

-teach us how our eyes and brain work
together to see
- You live in a three-dimensional world, so
your brain gets clues about depth, shading,
lighting, and position to help you interpret what
you see.
READING

Syntax refers to the formation of

sentences and the associated
grammatical rules.
SEMANTICS

Knowledge of the meaning of words and

phrases.
PRAGMATICS

It helps us look beyond the literal meaning of words and

utterances and allows us to focus on how meaning is
constructed within context.

“It's hot in here! Can you crack a

window?"
HEARING

Physical apparatus:
outer ear – protects inner and amplifies sound
middle ear – transmits sound waves as
vibrations to inner ear
inner ear – chemical transmitters are released
and cause impulses in auditory nerve
Sound
pitch – sound frequency (Hertz)
- highness or lowness of your voice
loudness – amplitude
timbre – type or quality
TOUCH

Stimulus received via receptors in the skin:

thermoreceptors – heat and cold
nociceptors – pain
mechanoreceptors – pressure
(some instant, some continuous)
Kinethesis - awareness of body position
affects comfort and performance.
MOVEMENT

Time taken to respond to stimulus:

reaction time + movement time

Movement time dependent on age, fitness

etc.
MEMORY

- is the power to retain and recall information and

past experiences. Your brain's memory helps you
recall lots of memories — like multiplication tables
and bad dates.

SENSORY-LONG-TERM-SHORT-TERM
SENSORY MEMORY

Sensory memory is the perception of sight, hearing, smell,

taste, and touch information entering through the sensory
cortices of the brain.
Auditory sensory memory : Hearing a bird sing.
Visual sensory memory: Seeing the stop sign.
Taste sensory memory : Tasting the pesto on a pizza.
Smell sensory memory : Smelling the fresh flowers.
Touch sensory memory : Touching the soft fur of a dog.
SHORT TERM MEMORY

Short-term memory holds a small amount of information

for a short amount of time. There are a few characteristics
that define short term memory:
1. Duration is about 30 seconds (without enhancements)
Capacity is 7 plus or minus 2 pieces of information at a
time
Remembering a person's name shortly after being introduced.
Recalling a phone number to write it down after the number is
given verbally.
LONG-TERM MEMORY

Long-term memory refers to the transfer of information from

short-term memory into long-term storage in order to create
enduring memories. This type of memory is unlimited in capacity
and stable—lasting for years or even a lifetime.
Remembering your way to school
learning how to drive or play an instrument
learning from that one time when you were a kid when you got
bitten by a dog. Remembering such an event would allow you not
to run if you see a dog barking aggressively
ACTIVITY

Auditory sensory memory :

Visual sensory memory:
Taste sensory memory :
Smell sensory memory:
Touch sensory memory:
SHORT TERM:
LONG TERM: