TS4447 Highway Geometric Capaian Pembelajaran

• CPMK-2: Mahasiswa mampu melakukan

perancangan geometri jalan

Vertical Alignment • Indikator CPMK-2: Mahasiswa mampu

melakukan perancangan alinyemen vertikal

Civil Engineering Department  Petra Christian University

Bad Combinations of
Horizontal and Vertical Curvature

A=6
 Bad Combinations of Good Combinations of
Horizontal and Vertical Curvature Horizontal and Vertical Curvature

Good Combinations of Vertical Alignment

Horizontal and Vertical Curvature
 Road Tracing
 Grade
 Critical Length & Climbing Lane
 Property of Simple Parabolic Curve
 Vertical Curve (Crest & Sag)
 Minimum Length of Vertical Curve
 Design Drawing
 Contour Line (b) Valey Line; (c) Ridge Line
(Surveying with Construction Application 7th ed, B. Kavanagh)

g1 % g2 %

Valey Line
Ridge Line

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Courbe_niveau.svg http://cf.ydcdn.net/1.0.1.13/images/science/contour%20line.jpg

?
?

STA & Elevasi

STATION ELEVATION STATION ELEVATION STATION ELEVATION STATION ELEVATION
0 + 0 110.000 1 + 000 97.293 2 + 000 109.432 3 + 000 134.604
0 + 50 106.686 1 + 050 99.818 2 + 050 104.495 3 + 050 134.740
0 + 100 101.833 1 + 100 102.551 2 + 100 108.946 3 + 100 130.723
0 + 150 106.191 1 + 150 109.101 2 + 150 114.547 3 + 150 131.940
0 + 200 107.032 1 + 200 110.813 2 + 200 120.169 3 + 200 125.414
0 + 250 110.608 1 + 250 109.603 2 + 250 115.236 3 + 250 127.467
0 + 300 113.264 1 + 300 114.596 2 + 300 119.490 3 + 300 128.207
0 + 350 110.377 1 + 350 118.482 2 + 350 124.652 3 + 350 123.517
0 + 400 114.324 1 + 400 115.940 2 + 400 127.117 3 + 400 116.702
0 + 450 107.341 1 + 450 119.174 2 + 450 127.776 3 + 450 113.485
0 + 500 112.127 1 + 500 112.940 2 + 500 123.546 3 + 500 116.126
0 + 550 114.140 1 + 550 107.842 2 + 550 128.522 3 + 550 110.897
0 + 600 113.518 1 + 600 105.099 2 + 600 131.070 3 + 600 114.393
0 + 650 108.995 1 + 650 107.631 2 + 650 133.022 3 + 650 118.048
0 + 700 103.964 1 + 700 112.091 2 + 700 126.553 3 + 700 124.447
0 + 750 103.853 1 + 750 111.449 2 + 750 120.996 3 + 750 120.863
0 + 800 100.409 1 + 800 117.573 2 + 800 124.338 3 + 800 121.297
0 + 850 99.000 1 + 850 112.321 2 + 850 131.029 3 + 850 116.041
0 + 900 102.770 1 + 900 108.293 2 + 900 136.105 3 + 900 121.195
0 + 950 96.107 1 + 950 108.661 2 + 950 134.477 3 + 950 127.773
1 + 000 97.293 2 + 000 109.432 3 + 000 134.604 4 + 000 134.555
 Existing Ground Profile Define Vertical Grading (1/2)
45,00 45,00 45,00 45,00

40,00 40,00 40,00 40,00

35,00 35,00 35,00 35,00

30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00

25,00 25,00 25,00 25,00

20,00 20,00 20,00 20,00

STA.4+200 STA.4+300 STA.4+400 STA.4+500 STA.4+600 STA.4+700 STA.4+200 STA.4+300 STA.4+400 STA.4+500 STA.4+600 STA.4+700

Gambar 2 Profil Elevasi Tanah Gambar 2 Profil Elevasi Tanah

Define Vertical Grading (2/2)

45,00 45,00

40,00 40,00

35,00 35,00

30,00 30,00

25,00 25,00

20,00 20,00

STA.4+200 STA.4+300 STA.4+400 STA.4+500 STA.4+600 STA.4+700

Gambar 2 Profil Elevasi Tanah

 Typical Mass-Haul Diagram

Surveying with Construction Applications, Kavanagh, 2010

Visual grading control is provided by a rotating laser referenced

Rotating laser shown controlling fine grading
to a laser receiver/display
operations by a road grader.
that is attached to the blade.
(Courtesy of Leica Geosystems Inc.)
(Courtesy of Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, Calif.)

(Surveying with Construction Application 7th ed, B. Kavanagh)

(Surveying with Construction Application 7th ed, B. Kavanagh)
BucketPro Excavator cab display system used in machine-controlled
excavation. The screen display shows the bucket teeth in relation to Construction use of Mass Diagram
the proposed gradient. (Courtesy of (Construction Methods and Management 7th ed, S. W. Nunnally)
Trimble Geomatics and Engineering Division)

Cross-section Design Points Scraper (shown being assisted by a bulldozer) used for efficient
used to Calculate Cut and Fill Areas transfer of cut material to fill areas. (Courtesy of Caterpillar, Inc.)
(https://vdocuments.mx/geometrik-jalan-cut-and-fill.html)

(Surveying with Construction Application 7th ed, B. Kavanagh)

 Euclid R35 hauler, capacity of 30.5 cu. yd. Typical Soil Volume Change During Earthmoving
(Courtesy of Euclid-Hitachi Heavy Equipment, Ltd.) (Construction Methods and Management 7th ed, S. W. Nunnally)

(Surveying with Construction Application 7th ed, B. Kavanagh)

Typical bulking coefficients for common materials

encountered in roadworks (Highways The Location, Design, Grade (G)
Construction & Maintenance of Pavements 4th ed, C. A. O'Flaherty)

G H
a
L
Grade (%) = ( H / L ) x 100
Slope Ratio = H : L
Tan a (o) = H / L
 Kelandaian Memanjang Minimum

30

ROAD SAFETY ENGINEERING SERIES - MANUAL 1 - ROAD SAFETY ENGINEERING - FOR INDONESIAN ROADS

Kecepatan-Jarak Tempuh Tipikal Truk Kelandaian Memanjang Maksimum

 Kelok Sembilan Sumatera Barat

Jalur Penyelamat

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/8/81/Denah_dan_gambar_penampang_Kelok_9.jpg

Kombinasi panjang
Material Arrester Bed
dan derajat kelandaian
Tipikal Tata Letak Arrester Bed

Critical Length of Up Grade

Panjang Kelandaian Kritis
Without Climbing Lane

G %

Critical Length of Up G rade Slope

Panjang Kelandaian Kritis Lajur Pendakian

G %

Critical Length of Up Grade Slope

Lajur Pendakian
1ST Property of Parabola 2nd Property of Parabola

Tangent to Parabola
Parabola
10.00

(2/3)2 10.00 = 4.44

(1/3)2 10.00 = 1.11

1/3 T
2/3 T
T

(Highway Engineering 1st ed, Martin Rogers)

A Simple Computation
3rd Property of Parabola of Parabolic Vertical Curve
D El. 100.00
The initial gradient changes uniformly with the 100
Parabolic Vertical Curve Following Tangent
distance: the rate of change of gradient in 96 E
g2 = - 2.00%

percent per station (r) is constant between the g1 = + 4.00% B

ELEVATION OF ROUTE
Forward Tangent
El. 94.00
initial gradient (g1) and the final gradient (g2): 92 C
El. = 1/2 (100+91) = 95.50
A
88
El. 88.00
El. = 1/2 (94+88) = 91.00

g 2  g1 84

PVC

PVT
PVI
r 80
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

L Tangent Elevation
STATIONING OF ROUTE

Curve Elevation Chord Elevation

Typical vertical alignment
(Highway Engineering 1st ed, Martin Rogers)

Panjang Lengkung Vertikal

Panjang Lengkung (m)
Perubahan (m/1%) L = K*A
 Design Controls for Stopping Sight Design Controls for Stopping Sight
Distance and for Crest Vertical Curves Distance and for Sag Vertical Curves

S=L

S=L

Panjang Lengkung Vertikal

S > L dan S < L
 Design Controls for Stopping Sight
Panjang Lengkung Vertikal
Distance and for Crest Vertical Curves
Panjang Lengkung (m)
Jarak Pandang Henti
Cembung
S<L L = (AS2)/658
S>L L = 2S–(658/A)

Design Controls for Passing Sight Distance

Panjang Lengkung Vertikal
and for Crest Vertical Curves
Panjang Lengkung (m)
Jarak Pandang
Mendahului
Cembung
S<L L = (AS2)/864
S>L L = 2S–(864/A)
 Design Controls for Passing Sight Distance
Panjang Lengkung Vertikal
and for Crest Vertical Curves
20
V=30 K=17 Panjang Lengkung (m)
18 V=40 K=23

16
V=50 K=30
V=60 K=38 Jarak Pandang Henti
V=70 K=52
14 V=80 K=70
V=90 K=91 Cekung
12 V=100 K=119
S<L L = (AS2)/(120+3,5S)
A (%)

V=110 K=146
10 V=120 K=181
V=130 K=224
8
6
S=L
S<L
S>L L = 2S–((120+3,5S)/A)
S>L
4
2
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Length of Crest Curve (m)

Panjang Lengkung Undercrossings Ruang Bebas Vertikal Minimum

 Panjang Lengkung Vertikal Panjang Lengkung Vertikal
Panjang Lengkung (m) Panjang Lengkung (m)
Undercrossings Kenyamanan
Cekung Cekung L = (VD2)/1296a
S<L L = (AS2)/(800(C-1,5)) a = 0.05g (m/det2)
S>L L = 2S–((800(C-1,5))/A)

Minimum Length of Vertical Curve

Geometric Properties of the Parabola
(Surveying with Construction Application 7th ed, B. Kavanagh)
xm

ym