Framework for Developing Smart City Models in

Indonesian Cities
(Based On Garuda Smart City Framework)
1st Bobi Kurniawan 2nd Suhono Supangkat 3rd Ford Lumban Gaol
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Smart City and Community Innovation Computer Science Departemen
Science Center BINUS Graduate School-Doctor
Universitas Komputer Indonesia Bandung Institute Of Technology Computer Science
Bandung, Indonesia Suhono@stei.itb.ac.id Bina Nusantara University
bobi@email.unikom.ac.id Jakarta, Indonesia
ford.lumbangaol@binus.ac.id

4th Benny Ranti

Computer science Departemen
BINUS Graduate School-Doctor Computer Science
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia
Benny.ranti@binus.ac.id
2022 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS) | 978-1-6654-7135-0/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICISS55894.2022.9915073

Abstract— Based on data from Kominfo, it is estimated that
as many as 82.37% of the Indonesian population will live in cities
by 2045. By looking at the data, you can imagine the impact of
population growth on service quality, environmental impact,
urban care, and the use of integrated technology. For this
reason, it is very important to prepare a smart city that can
integrate all the impacts of population growth that will be faced
in 2045. Of the 25 cities that apply the smart city concept, they
still experience obstacles such as smart cities that are difficult to
understand, how to identify solutions from smart cities, and the
absence of knowledge about the benefits of using smart cities for
the region, this is because there is no understanding regarding
key success factors and models for building smart city concepts.
For this reason, in this study, we will provide an overview of key
success factors and smart city models for cities in Indonesia.
Keywords— Smart City, Key Success Factor, Model Smart City
I. INTRODUCTION
Population growth continues to increase rapidly in almost
all parts of the world, one of which is in Indonesia. Based on
data from Kominfo, Indonesians population that will live in
urban areas by 2045 is estimated to be 82.37%. This can have
a significant and more complex positive and negative impact
on population growth on urban conditions such as service
quality, environment, resource governance, and the use of
integrated technology. To keep up with the increasing
population in the city requires smart solutions. Building,
developing, and managing "smart cities," which are frequently
referred to as the notion of a "smart city," with the full
assistance of extremely modern ICT, is the most
comprehensive answer that can be provided [1]. This concept
is a community that can foster collaboration, individuality,
flexibility, and transformability [2]. This idea has been put into
practice in numerous nations, Indonesia included. The
Indonesian government itself is targeting 100 smart cities that
can be implemented as one of the solutions to this problem in
2019 [3].
Although 25 cities in Indonesia have adopted this concept,
there are still difficulties, including a lack of knowledge about
smart cities, how to identify Smart City solutions, and the
advantages of implementing this concept in these places. The
problems with the deployment of this concept are caused by
the lack of a critical success factor and an adequate model for
its development.
In this paper, researchers will provide an overview of
developments related to key success factors and smart city
concept models that can be implemented for cities in Indonesia
to support fast and efficient governance in various sectors in
line with the rapid population growth.
II. RELATED STUDY
A. Smart City & E-Government
1) Definition Smart City Concept
"Smart City" is a word that describes a city planning or
governance concept that uses technological development to
make life easier and healthier with a advanced effective and
efficiency [4]. Another definition this concept is a city
development by using information technology to the best
possible services to citizens, support sustainable development
and use various resources effectively and efficiently [5].
According to the GSCF, a smart city is one that can
efficiently employ resources to address urban difficulties by
proposing creative, all-encompassing, and sustainables
solutions and by supplying urban services and infrastructure
to raise living standards. [6].
2) Definition E-Government
The electronic interchange of information between
citizens, businesses, and governmental entities is known as e-
government [7]. E-government is a one-stop system using the
internet for access to major government services [8]. E-
government utilizes information technology, especially the
internet [9] [10] which aims to support government operations
effectively and efficiently, facilitating relevant government
information in real time [11].
Information technology is used in government for
information exchange, electronic system integration,
communication transactions, administrative service providers
in government agencies, self-sufficient service between the
G2G (government and government), the G2C (government
and citizens), the G2B (government and business), as well as

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how administrative staff interacts with one another on a The Development Cycle, Smart City Model, Collaboration
general basis [12] [13]. E-government makes it possible for Model, and other elements make up the GSCF Framework,
citizens to access government services in an effective, which is a collection of components. [17] [18].
convenient, and transparent manner. [11].
5) The Relationship between Smart City and
3) Smart City Model E-Government
A smart city can be formed properly if 5 parameters are Based on Figure 2, Smart city is the foundation of the
interconnected, similary smart people, smart government, implementation of e-goverment, where the purpose of e-
smart environtment, and smart economy [14]. Meanwhile, the goverment and smart city is to maximize services by relying
parameters of smart cities according to Schaffer consist of 3 on the principle of linkage and cooperation of various related
things, namely, infrastructure innovation, economic elements.
innovation, and governance innovation.
In the context of smart sustainable cities, there are six
components, but we will only concentrate on the four key ones
[14][15], namely:
• Society, the city becomes a place with a decent
environment to live in.
• Environtment, where the city has a good environment
for the benefit of future generations.
• Governance, where the city has good governance so
that it is able to serve local residents. Fig. 2. Smart City & E-government

• Economy, where the city is able to provide jobs, and Table 1 explains some of the differences between e-
has good economic growth. government and smart cities.
Another model developed by Hitachi expresses a vision of
TABLE I. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN E-GOVERNMENT AND SMART
environmental balance, good economic achievement, and CITY
targets a safe and comfortable lifestyle of social interaction
[14]. Figure 1 shown the smart city components developed by E-Government Smart City
Hitachi. Coverage
• Government Institution
• (Smart) City
of a City
• Better Public Service (by • Better City
government) • Better City Service
Focus • Better Internal (Provided by
management process in Government and non-
Government Institution Government)
• Full Control. Practically, • Not full control. A
Span Of Mayor have a full control mayor dont have fully
Control over all government control over non-
institution components government institution.
Customer • Citizen • Citizen

6) Smart City 15 Cities in Indonesia

Based on [3], the process of analyzing all existing data was
carried out thoroughly to 15 cities, the results of which there
were some interesting findings. Figure 3 shown that 51% of
Fig. 1. Hitachi Smart Sustainable City the 15 large, medium, small-scale cities show a good level of
governance. These achievements are influenced based on
Cisco also created the smart city model, which must have infrastructure readiness, capital availability, and human
a primary goal of creating a sustainable economy. The targets resource skills. The average of the five major cities achieved a
that the city must achieve are efficiency in operations and government level of 71.11%, the middle city group reached
improvement of the quality of life [16]. The components 57.77%, and the small city group reached 51.11%.
implemented in ciscos version of smart cities, namely
ecological, economic, and social [16].
4) Garuda SmartCity Framework
In 2015, In an effort to provide a framework for smart
cities, SCIC from ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) started
developing a framework that is utilized to handle numerous
urban challenges that arise in Indonesia [6]. This system is
known as the Garuda Smart City Framework or GSCF. As of
2017, this framework has changed into GSCF 2.0. The APIC
has embraced the GSCF 2.0 idea for the Indonesia Smart City
[6]. And continues to develop until version 4.2 (GSCF 4.2) in
2021.
Fig. 3. Smart Governance in three clasification city

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 Based on Figure 4, Semarang represents a group of large
cities that can meet all the requirements requested (100%).
Binjai City represents the middle class of cities which reaches
88.89%. And the small city group is represented by
Sawahlunto and Magelang which have the same achievement
of 66.67%. In cities that have adopted smart cities but are
geographically remote from the capital city, such as Bontang
City in East Kalimantan, which is located 2080 kilometers
away, Binjai City in North Sumatra, located 2,113 kilometers
away, and Tual City in Maluku, located 4,206 kilometers
Fig. 6. Architecture View
away, there have been successes. In addition to the three
previously mentioned aspects, the two elements that are most Figure 7 shown that smart life is a circumference that
crucial to the success of developing smart cities are the affects the realization of a smart city where the increase from
accessibility of blueprints and effective leadership [3]. sensing that will turn into understanding until it is finally
realized in an action can affect the life that takes place. so that
this role is very important and will activate awareness in
realizing smart cities.

Fig. 7. Smart Life Cycle

Fig. 4. Governance Achievement of 15 Indonesian Cities [3]
B. Key Success Factor: Holistic
III. METHODOLOGY The key factors that led to the successful implementation
The research questions in this study will try to answer of Smart City were to implement all the possibilities of Smart
several questions, namely: City holistically such as society, government, infrastructure,
technology and environment as well as data as shown in Figure
• What are the factors that lead to success in
8. The activation of the sector is a key to providing Smart City-
implementing the smart city concept?
based services such as Smart-health, smart-Education, etc.).
• What smart city model may be implemented in Many cities are trapped because they only focus on
Indonesia? technology, not focus on service (Service).
Some of the methods used in the preparation of this paper
will be focused on the framework of developing smart city
models that have been carried out in various cities in
Indonesia. There are 4 stages of measurable research carried
out to achieve smart cities such as data processing, data
analysis, data verification and GAP analysis which can be seen
in figure 5.

Fig. 5. The step for measuring smart city

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Smart City Model : Architecture View
The smart city architectural model consists of several Fig. 8. Key Success Factor
sources that are interconnected with each other. certain sectors
cannot stand alone without the influence of others. so that it C. Smart City Model : Service View
can be said that the influence of the economic sector, the
Several types of services in life that are divided into 3 core
environment and on order for smart cities to be realized,
sectors, namely the economy, environment and society can be
society is crucial as shown in Figure 6.
distinguished based on the service model as depicted in Figure
9. So that the implementation of smart cities can be more
targeted at and concentrated on specific areas.

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Fig. 9. Smart City Model
Figure 10 shown a hierarchical improvement where the
service domain which is in detail divided into a cluster domain
(service cluster) and more detailed into a service domain with
some improvements in the base value and additional values
will be able to improve the quality of life.
Fig. 10. Service View
D. Smart City Model : Management Process View
Good service planning can enable multiple platforms
where the relationship between planning/design,
development/improvement, operation, and monitoring must
always exist in a sustainable strategy as shown in Figure 11.
Fig. 11. Management Process View
Figure 12 shown factor that will create an integrated
intelligent system platform because the sources needed to
build smart services such as government, environment,
society, technology and infrastructure are already supporting
each other.
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Fig. 12. Enabler platform for smart services
E. Impact of Industry 4.0
The influence of industry 4.0 has a huge impact such as the
creation of a new community character, government systems
with fast response and new technologies such as AI, IoT, Data
Analysts, etc. This influence is shown in Figure 13.
Fig. 13. Enabler platform for smart services
F. Smart City Model : Deployment
Figure 14 shown what affects the model of the smart city
deployment where the laboratory life that originally had only
an approach from planning, development, travel and
evaluation to addition or duplication. this factor became the
influence of the creation of a new laboratory.
Fig. 14. Living lab & PBREED Approach
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
From the explanation in the result and discussion chapter,
it can be seen that the number of cities in Indonesia that want
their cities to develop and develop into smart cities is very
large and serious, supported by the availability of knowledge
and knowledge from the world of education and also the world
of industry will accelerate the formation of smart cities
throughout Indonesia. The Garuda Smart City Model, which
was introduced by the Bandung Institute of Technology, an
illustration of a smart city model that was constructed using
literature from the smart city development model in Indonesia.
Until now the Garuda Smart City Model has been developed
until version 4.2 which is released in 2021, this model
enhances the previous model with the addition of integrated
and smart (called MATURE) to represent the existing
sustainability strategy. All regions in Indonesia can implement
the Garuda Smart City Model well if several sectors are
interconnected with each other and cannot stand alone. The
key factor that led to the successful implementation of Smart
City was to implement all items holistically such as society,
government, infrastructure, technology, environment, and
services. Many cities fail because they only focus on their
technology, not focus on services. With the model and key
success factor that has been built and proposed in this research,
it can provide guidance for all stakeholders in compiling and
building smart city systems in each city to be better and more
planned, so that peoples lives in a city can be more
comfortable and safer.
To encourage the development of a smart city, researchers
should further explore the function of local government within
the political system of government as well as the creation of
an open government system. The pillars of the formation of
smart cities are seen from three things, open government,
involvement in the industrial world and contributing ideas and
the use of technology from the world of education.
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