2023 4th International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET)
Belgaum, India. May 26-28, 2023
Smart Waste Segregation Using IoT
Manas Dalvi
Priyanka Bhatele
Department Of Engineering Sciences
Department Of Computer Engineering
and Humanities
Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology
Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology
Pune, India
Pune, India
priyanka.bhatele@vit.edu
manas.dalvi21@vit.edu
2023 4th International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET) | 979-8-3503-3575-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/INCET57972.2023.10170726
Tejas Mali
Manthan Manalwar
Department Of Engineering Sciences
Department Of Engineering Sciences
and Humanities
and Humanities
Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology
Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology
Pune, India
Pune, India
tejas.mali211@vit.edu
manthan.manalwar21@vit.edu
Abstract— Rapid expansion in the quantity and variety of
solid and hazardous waste as a consequence of continued
economic development, urbanization, and industrialization
poses a growing challenge for national and municipal
governments to ensure efficient and long-term waste
management. According to estimates, the total amount of
municipal solid trash produced worldwide in 2006 was 2.02
billion tonnes, a rise of 7% annually since 2003. (Global Waste
Management Market Report 2007). To reduce the risk to the
patient and public health and safety, as well as an
environmental hazard, waste management, transportation, and
disposal must be carefully handled. There is currently no
system in place for households to separate dry, moist, and
metallic garbage. In order to send household waste directly for
processing, an automated waste segregator is suggested in this
study, which is an affordable, simple-to-use alternative. It is
intended to separate the garbage into metallic, wet, and dry
waste. The automated waste segregator uses a moisture sensor
to discriminate between wet and dry trash and an inductive
proximity sensor to detect metallic objects. According to
experimental findings, the automated waste segregator has
been effectively used to accomplish the classification of waste
into dry, wet, and metallic waste.
Keywords— IoT, Smart Bin, Arduino UNO, Waste
Management, Waste Segregation, Automation, Sensors.
I. INTRODUCTION
When we consider environmental issues, waste disposal
has emerged as the main source of worry and is the focus of
society's attention. While discussing the sustainability of an
environment, proper waste management is a critical element.
Waste can be sorted at a very early stage, which will increase
production and efficiency of waste management. As a result,
it is preferable to utilize a waste segregation solution to
prevent health risks that could harm regular living things.
Waste segregation is the process of sorting and separation of
wastes to make recycling and proper disposal easier. Ideally,
waste segregation should be determined on the basis of: (I)
The kind of waste (II) The best kind of processing and
disposal. The dry, wet, and metallic waste separation and
management procedure is the main focus of this research
project. When garbage is divided into its main streams, such
as moist and dry, it has a better capacity for recovery and can
therefore be used frequently. The primary goal of this task is
to recognise the need for a minimal, straightforward, and
979-8-3503-3575-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1
Authorized licensed use limited to: Batangas State University. Downloaded on March 19,2024 at 07:32:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Manas Kulkarni
Department Of Engineering Sciences
and Humanities
Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology
Pune, India
manas.kulkarni21@vit.edu
Aman Manakshe
Department Of Engineering Sciences
and Humanities
Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology
Pune, India
aman.manakshe21@vit.edu
clear isolation framework for urban family units or business
establishments in order to aid the waste administration
measure. There are various methods available to reduce,
recycle, and reuse municipal solid waste. The economic
value of the garbage produced is realised once it has been
totally recycled. Therefore, we decided to create a Smart
Dustbin System using IoT in order to appropriately separate
(segregate) waste based on its nature. Our system uses a
variety of sensors to identify the different sorts of waste and
divides it into three different bins for wet, dry, and metallic
waste.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[8] There is a significant amount of recovery that can be
obtained through proper reuse and recycling of waste
materials, most of which are metallic. In many countries,
effective policies on waste segregation have been identified
for consecutive waste segregation and recycling, which aids
in raising awareness of the significance of waste
management.
[1] Source waste segregation may also help reduce the
amount of waste that needs to be handled, which would
ultimately increase the effectiveness of collection and
disposal when waste management is done effectively. [11]
To reduce the risk to patient and the public's health and
safety, as well as environmental risk, waste management,
transportation, and disposal must be managed appropriately.
[4] Additionally, the separated waste might be sent straight
to the reusing and processing facility rather than first going
to the isolation plant and then the reusing plant. [5] We are
making use of Arduino Uno board for automating the system
as it makes the smooth and faster to operate, as a result, the
Arduino is interfaced with all the parts, including the LCD,
Servo motors, moisture sensor, inductive proximity sensor,
and ultrasonic sensors. [8] The detection & separation of
metallic and other waste is done by dumping into the system
components like Arduino & servo motor and such other
objects involved in the system. [12] It emphasised the fact
that harmful gases and air leakage can occur in landfills if
waste materials like polythene bags, wet trash, and e-waste
are mixed together. So, for doing appropriate waste
segregation, a smart dustbin can be made using IOT
techniques which will reduce such problems effectively. [15]
It gave a general overview of which kind of sensors will be
helpful for our project. (For instance, to determine if the
garbage is wet or not, we opt to utilise a moisture sensor).
The same data is also displayed on LCD panel. mounted
outside the bin. [2] They decided to go against employing a
capacitive proximity sensor for detecting metallic things,
since inductive only and accurately detects metal items, and
the range varies depending on the metal.
Ultrasonic sensors are used to measure the distance of a
target using ultrasonic soundwaves. Two such sensors are
used in this project. The first one is used as a proximity
sensor to detect dry objects, the second one is used for waste
level monitoring.

III. METHODOLOGY

A. Components
This project was developed by using multiple sensors and
motors.
Inductive proximity sensor is one of them. It is also
known as Metal detector. It emits electromagnetic waves and
if there is a metallic object in the path, there is a disturbance
in the electromagnetic waves. This sensor is used to detect
metallic objects. Fig. 3. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04

Servo motors are used as they are precise, and its position
can be controlled as needed. Two servos are used, the base is
rotated by the servo in Fig.4 while the lid is opened and
closed by the servo in Fig.5.

Fig. 1. Inductive Proximity Sensor

Second sensor used is the Soil moisture sensor. On

keeping an object on the sensor, it measures and returns the
moisture content of that object. This sensor was used to
detect wet or organic objects in this system. Fig. 4. MG995 Servo Motor

Fig. 5. SG90 Servo Motor

LCD or Liquid Crystal Display as shown in Fig.6 is also

Fig. 2. Soil Moisture Sensor used for displaying alerts when one of the dustbins is full, by
using an ultrasonic mentioned earlier.

2
Authorized licensed use limited to: Batangas State University. Downloaded on March 19,2024 at 07:32:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Fig. 6. A 16x2 LCD Module
All these components mentioned above are interfaced
with Arduino UNO board. It is a hardware and software
open- source microcontroller device. It is used because it is
cost effective, it has an easy programming language and an
IDE which is compatible with most of the operating systems.
classifies it as a metallic object since it first detects the
metallic waste. In the event that the waste is neither wet nor
metallic, the ultrasonic sensor is activated. Ultrasonic sensors
function by determining distance. The sensor determines that
an object is present, and if the distance measured from the
sensor to the waste is less than 5 cm, then it is categorized as
dry waste. The waste is thrown into the dry dustbin as a
result of the base servo motor turning 180 degrees (where the
dry dustbin is located). There are three ultrasonic sensors
installed on the waste bins inside the main body. If a
particular dustbin is full, as determined by the ultrasonic
sensor on the dustbin, a message will be displayed on the
LCD module mounted on the external body. This working is
depicted in the Fig.8.

Fig. 7. Arduino UNO

Three plastic dustbins inside having metal, wet, dry waste

are used. The external dustbin is made up of cardboard.

B. Method
Three smaller bins are housed inside the main body of the
proposed waste segregation system. The body is covered
with a lid, whose opening and closing movements are
controlled by a servo (SG90) motor. The waste should be put
on the lid, where it will be determined if it is dry, wet, or
metal, and will then be sorted into the appropriate categories.
The sensors placed around the lid are a metal sensor
(inductive proximity sensor) to detect metal waste or objects,
a soil moisture sensor to determine if the waste is wet or dry
by measuring its moisture level (0–1000), and an ultrasonic
sensor to detect dry waste. The system initially checks for
metallic waste, then wet waste, and finally dry waste. If
metallic waste is detected after the object is put on the
dustbin lid, the metal sensor will transmit a signal, and the
servo motor at the base of the dustbin will move to position
0° (where the metal dustbin is mounted), causing the waste
to be deposited in the metal dustbin. In the case where the
waste is not metallic, the moisture sensor is activated. If the
moisture sensor detects moisture, a signal will be transmitted
to the base servo (if the moisture level is under 800). The
waste will then be put into the wet dustbin once the servo
motor turns 90 degrees (where the wet dustbin is installed).
When a wet metallic object is placed on the lid, the system Fig. 8. Flow of the System

3
Authorized licensed use limited to: Batangas State University. Downloaded on March 19,2024 at 07:32:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The project's goal was to increase waste management
efficiency, which, despite having serious repercussions, has
often gone unnoticed owing to a lack of knowledge about the
negative effects of inefficient waste management on the
environment. This gives us enough knowledge to complete
the project's goal, which is to build a prototype for trash
separation, utilising sensors to separate three different types
of garbage. The assessment of the design is the ultimate goal,
and it is done by a straightforward calculation to support
system's functioning capacity after extensive testing and
evaluation.
TABLE I. OBJECT DETECTION TABLE
Object Type Detected
Sr. No. Object Name
Dry Wet
1 Waste Bin: A New Approach for Waste Management in Large Urban
Tin Can
2 Banana Peel 9
3 Paper Ball
9
4 Wet Can
5 Wet Tissue 9
Table 1. depicts the results obtained when different
objects were used as waste material. The system successfully
classifies the waste into its respective bins based on the
nature of the waste material. After extensive testing, the
accuracy was found to be between 90-93% for each category.
V. FUTURE SCOPE
This project may be enhanced by conducting further
research and making it more user friendly. The model may
be modified to meet the demands of customers and the
industry. We can mount ultrasonic sensors on all the three
inner bins for waste level monitoring. GSM Module and
Bluetooth technology can be utilised to deliver necessary
messages and alerts to the service rooms. As of now, our
prototype is using power or energy from an external power
supply. In the future, this external power source can be
eliminated and replaced with renewable resources such as
solar energy. Solar panels can be put on the container's walls
to generate solar electricity.
VI. CONCLUSION
This study proposed an automated garbage separator that
can distinguish between wet, metal, plastic, and paper. The
Authorized licensed use limited to: Batangas State University. Downloaded on March 19,2024 at 07:32:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
fundamental motivation behind putting this specific system
into place was to satisfy people's requirements, save time for
the busy world, and provide prompt, proper service to
everyone. The Smart segregation bin is a user-friendly device
that may be utilised in public spaces, educational institutions,
business parks, government offices, and many other settings.
It contributes to keeping the world clean and green.
Taking into account numerous considerations like
reduced staff and faster garbage treatment, this may be
applied to a considerable extent in many municipal
corporations and locations like airports or train stations.
Using an Arduino UNO , all of the sensors have been
interfaced. Only one sort of garbage may be separated by the
system at once, with wet, metal, and dry waste having
different priorities.
REFERENCES
Metal
[1] K Pardini, J. Rodrigues, S. Hassan, N. Kumar, V. Furtado. “Smart
9 Centres”. Published in 2018.
[2] Prof. R. Nikam ABMSP's Anantrao Pawar College of Engineering &
Research,Pune. “IOT Based Smart Garbage System”. Published in
2019.
[3] R. Batais (APU), Raed Abdulla (APU), Syed Mohd
9 Bahrin(APU)."Waste Seperation Smart Dustbin". Published in 2020.
[4] P. Jajoo (UCOE, Mumbai), Akshata Mishra(UCOE, Mumbai),
Sushmit Mehta(UCOE, Mumbai), Vivek Solvande (UCOE,Mumbai).
“Smart Garbage Management System”.
[5] R. Khan, S. Kumar, A, Srivastava, N. Dhingra, M.Gupta, N. Bhati, P.
Kumari. “Machine Learning and IoT-Based Waste Management
Model”. Published in August 2021.
[6] A. Sharanya, U. Harika, N. Sriya, S. Kochuvila. “Automatic Waste
Segregator”. Published in 2017.
[7] P. Verma, A. Shukla. “Smart Trash Can System with Ultrasonic
Sensor and Flame Detector Using Arduino” . Published in 2021.
[8] B. Kumar ,V. Kumar, S.Devi, A. Rengarajan, K.Thenmozhi.
“Automatic Waste Segregation and Management”. Published in 2020.
[9] J. Kihila , K. Wernsted, M. Kaseva. “Waste segregation and potential
for recycling-A case Study in Dar es Salaam City,Tanzania”.
Published in 2021.
[10] A. Bano, I. Din, A. Huqail. “An IoT-Based Smart Bin for Real-Time
Monitoring and Management of Solid Waste”. Published in Dec
2020.
[11] S. Kumari, L. Jeewandana, R. Supunya, V. Karunanayake. “IOT
Based Smart Waste Bin Model To Optimize The Waste Management
Process”. Published in 2018.
[12] M. Gangwani, M. Pandey, N. Punjabi, S. Sahu, P. Khatwani. “A
Comprehensive Study on Waste Segregation Techniques”. Published
in 2019.
[13] J.S. Bajaj, “Urban Solid Waste management in India”, Planning
Commission Government of India, New Delhi, 1995.
[14] C. Capel, “Innovations in Waste”, Waste management-world, Volume
11, Issue 2, Mar 2010.
[15] D. Sherawat, N. Gill, “Smart Sensors – Analysis of different types of
IoT Sensors”. Published in 2019.
4