2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

Design and Implementation of IoT based Energy

Efficient Smart Metering System for Domestic
2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) | 979-8-3503-9737-6/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACCS57279.2023.10113012

Applications
N. Ashokkumar V. Arun S. Prabhu
Department of Electronics and Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
communication Engineering, Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
Mohan Babu University, Mohan Babu University Mohan Babu University
Tirupati, India Tirupati, India Tirupati, India
ashoknoc@gmail.com varunpse@yahoo.com prabhutajmahal6@gmail.com

V. Kalaimagal Dhamodharan Srinivasan B. Shanthi

RLE Motors Pvt.Ltd, Department of Computer and Centralized Instrumentation and
Tamilnadu, Iindia communication Engineering service lab
v.kalaimagal18@gmail.com Sri Eshwar College of Annamalai University
Engineering, Tamilnadu, India
Coimbatore, India au_shan@yahoo.com
dhamu20@gmail.com

Abstract—The aim of this paper is to develop a new
energy meter which can communicate with our phones so
customers can know the units consumed time-to-time, bill
amount need to pay and also gives warning if the energy
consumed per month crossed our predetermined value. This
can simply call a smart energy meter and to develop this we
need a ESP32 microcontroller, sensors, Wi-Fi module with
internet connection to communicate with the phone and
Blynk platform to monitor units consumed and push
warnings in mobile. This can simply be termed as Internet of
Things (IoT). This smart energy meter also helps the
electricity department to initiate prepaid recharges for the no
of energy units to be used and can also initiate auto cut off
power supply to the home when there are no units left in the
account and the customer should recharge again to get
supply back to home. This can make customers more control
on their consumption and the energy can be saved and the
global environment is saved.
Keywords—Smart meters, Energy consumption,
Monitoring, IoT, ESP32, Sensors, Blynk application.
I. INTRODUCTION
Need of energy is increasing day by day due to
increase in population and industrialization. World wise
electrical energy consumption in 2019 was 130% more
than in the year 1990. India stands in third place to
consume more electrical energy in the world and top
places are occupied by china and USA. [1], [2] Although
India stood in the third-largest producer, it is not supplying
enough electricity in rural areas, where the irrigation and
farming became difficult for the rural people and making
their lives difficult. The electricity demand is growing
higher and higher in each year and India is largely
dependent on coal power plants which are becoming
extinct now. If it continues then by year 2030 India will be
a huge shortage of electricity. [3], [4] The main reasons
apart from population in growing electricity needs are,
there are energy thefts everywhere in India, there is no
time-to-time information between supply and demand, the
consumers are not aware of efficient use of energy,
customers operating loads at low power factor. To
overcome these issues the customers, need to be aware of
their energy consumption from time-to-time. This paper
contains of 6 sections, section 1 deals with Introduction,
section 2 deals with proposed methodology, section 3 talks
about hardware implementation, section 4 talks about
software implementation and section 5 talks about
experimental results and last section deals with
conclusion. electricity. There is a lack of timely
information on load and demand due to improper
communication.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The existing system is a time-consuming process to
calculate electricity bills, no prepaid recharges, no alerts
about consumption and cannot determine power theft. So,
these disadvantages can be overcome with the proposed
system, it tells information about energy consumption
time-to-time, accurate billing, prepaid recharge, alert
customers on their over consumption and auto cut-off
feature when there are no units left in the customer’s
account. This can prevent energy wastage and global
energy savings.
III. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The total project consists of an ESP32 microcontroller
plays important role in monitoring and controlling energy
consumption. The ESP32 microcontroller is setup in the
kit and coupled with voltage and current sensors and relay.
Below are the details of the hardware components
used.[5]-[7]

979-8-3503-9737-6/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

A. Microcontroller shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. ZMPT Voltage sensor.

D. Relay

Fig. 1. ESP32 Microcontroller

A microcontroller is built with low power consumption

CMOS technology used to perform embedded systems
tasks like temperature sensing, fire detection etc. The main
parts of the microcontroller are processor, memory, serial
ports, timers and counters. This project contains an
ESP32() microcontroller which is a low cost, low power
consumption and works on 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi. The main
reason to use ESP32 is it have an inbuilt Wi-Fi module
and it safe and reliable and weighs less [8 - 10]. ESP32
Microcontroller is shown in Fig. 1.
B. ACS712 Current sensor
A current sensor is an electronic device that measures
the amount of current flows through the load wire. It is can
measure either with contact or without contact [11].
ACS712 current sensor is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4. Relay
A switching relay is a switch used to disconnect the
circuit from power supply based on a condition using
ESP32 microcontroller. It is a electromagnetic switch
operated both electrically and mechanically [13]. Relay is
shown in Fig. 4.
IV. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) –
An open source, official software that was introduced by
Arduino. cc, which is mainly used for developing code,
compiling it, and uploading the developed code to the
Arduino Device. Arduino setup is shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 2. ACS712 Current Sensor

C. ZMPT101B voltage sensor

A voltage sensor is an electronic device that measures
the amount of voltage across two points. There are two
main types of voltage sensors based on voltage divider
technique they are capacitive type and resistive type
voltage sensor. Mainly used to detect power failure, fault
detection, load sensing [12]. ZMPT Voltage sensor is Fig.5. Arduino setup

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

To turn Arduino IDE for suitable environment to

ESP32, ESP32 module links is required, which is helpful
to run, execute the physical board of ESP32. The two
major links, which supports ESP32 are shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8. Blynk application

In the blynk app/website, a dashboard has to create for

the project for monitoring the results provided by the
ESP32 physical board. In the dashboard, voltage and
current, power, bill amount, energy serial monitor and it is
shown in the Fig. 9.

Fig. 6. ESP32 environment setup

Select board: "DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1" and add

libraries ZMPT101B to measure voltage values and
ACS712 to measure current values, ESP microcontroller
to calibrate the values current, voltage, bill and energy
calculation and also provides a signal to relay and
notifications to customers. ESP32 microcontroller setup is
shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9. Project Dashboard

Fig. 10 is the flowchart for source code

implementation:

Fig.7. ESP32 microcontroller setup

Blynk is an open source IoT platform for building

mobile interfaces that connect with electronic devices to
the internet via Ethernet, Wi-Fi. It is a user-friendly
software available on IOS, android and PC. Mainly used in
applications that require monitoring and controlling via
Wi-Fi such as Fire detection, remote controlling,
temperature sensing etc. Blynk application is shown in Fig. 10. Flow Chart of smart meter function.
Fig. 8.

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 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Currently we are using Electronic Energy meter in our
homes, the main disadvantage of this Electronic Energy
meter is customers can only know their energy
consumption only at the end of the month by seeing
through the electric bill that is given by a person from
electrical department. In this project paper a smart energy
meter is introduced which helps customers to monitor their
energy consumption anytime anywhere throughout the
month using their mobile by IoT Technology. To create
smart energy meter, need a current sensor, voltage sensor,
a microcontroller to calculate energy consumption, a Wi-
Fi module and an IoT platform to transfer the data to the
mobile. Here used a ESP32 Microcontroller which has
inbuilt Wi-Fi module and used blynk application as IoT
platform which is installed in phone. Prototype kit is
shown in Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Prototype kit
If the bill amount is certain percentage of prescribed
values, then a notification is sent to the Gmail, mobile as
alerts, here we used 75% for alert. When the bill amount
crosses the 100% of prescribed values then the relay will
turn off the supply to the load (here considered a 100W
lamp as load). Blynk IoT platform mobile is shown in Fig.
12.
Fig. 12. Blynk IoT platform mobile
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The bill amount is calculated based on Andhra Pradesh
tariff FY2022-23 for domestic loads. Tariff of domestic
load (AP state) is shown in Fig. 13.
Fig 13. Tariff of domestic load (AP state)
VI. CONCLUSION
Due to unaware of their time-to-time consumption
customers end up with high electric bills and also global
energy consumption is more. This also effects the
environment in bad way. In this project an efficient way is
proposed to manage dynamic power of household energy
consumables using IoT using ESP32. The energy
consumers can monitor time-to-time energy consumption
and with alerting system and also When the bill amount
reaches the prescribed value the code present in the
microcontroller triggers the relay to turn off the supply to
the load. This helps the customer to reduce their electric
bills and helps saving global energy and fossil fuels.
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