2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan.

23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

Obstacle detection and navigation support Using

SMART Shoe for Visually Impaired Person
2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI) | 979-8-3503-4821-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCCI56745.2023.10128502

Vijay Kumar Burugari Kanmani P Thariq Hussan M.I. Prabha Selvaraj*

Associate Professor,
Department of Computer
Science and Engineering,
Koneru Lakshmaiah
Education Foundation, K L
deemed to be University
Vaddeeswaram, Andhra
Pradesh, India
vijaybru@gmail.com
Assistant Professor, Professor, Department of
Department of DSBS, SRM Information Technology &
Institute of Science and Computer Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur, Engineering (IoT)
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Guru Nanak Institutions
pkanmaniit@gmail.com Technical Campus
(Autonomous)
Hyderabad, Telangana
thariqhussain@rediffmail.com
(corresponding author)
Associate Professor, School
of Computer Science and
Engineering
VIT-AP University
Amaravati,
Andhra Pradesh, India
prabha.dw@gmail.com

Abstract— Transportation and mobility is a great challenge for
visually challenged people. As the world becomes more
sophisticated by leveraging the modern innovative technologies,
the same can be tapped to aid the navigation of the blind people.
The most conventional way is to use a walking stick or using a dog
for guidance. Thanks to the advent and vast deployment of sensors
in various applications. The next era in the deployment of sensor
is its integration in Internet of Things (IoT) where intelligence can
be inculcated in every object on the earth. There are many objects
moving around like vehicles, crowds etc. It is hard to maneuver in
these without colliding for the visually challenged people. The
Visually Impaired Person (VCP) need a tool to help them navigate
through the roads as there are many uncertainties for them to be
calculative. The recent growth technology can help many people
who are visually challenged and those who need assistance with
their day to day activities. Our product "Smart shoe" helps the
blind to navigate in an efficient way along with the crowd. This
work aims to provide efficient and cheap alternatives that can be
affordable and efficient to support blind people navigation.
Keywords- Blind Stick, Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor, Gyroscope,
obstacle detection
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent times as growing of technology is very drastic
finding solutions for problems like this also became easy. With
this task we are building a shoe which comprises of some
features which can help visionless people walk safer than before
in this project we are using some sensors like ultrasonic and
gyroscope and in cooperating them with a Arduino board to
create a framework that can solve the above problem of
visionless people.
IOT based Smart shoe for blind people is in cooperated with
sensors which add some important features which help
individual wearing the shoe overcome all the obstacles which he
can’t see and make a safe path. Here we are using a Arduino Uno
board as center for our project to store our code and make system
perform its tasks. We are using an android application
(telegram} for sending notifications to people wearing shoe and
we are using pc and power cable for continuous supply of power.
Now there are many people in world with low vision after
this project we may be helpful to people lit those to walk safer
than before.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
In the present world of where technology is most prominent
aspect in every field IOT is becoming booming technology for
many application and our project is also based on IOT. Obstacle
detection and tracking the VCP using GPS and GSM is
explained by Khan Aquib AbdulHai et. al [1,2]. Obstacle
detection and voice assistant notification for blind person [6].
The infrared sensors and PIC Microcontroller is used for
obstacle detection and direction [7]. The infrared sensor’s
reflected signals and microcontrollers are used to determine the
direction and distance of the objects around the blind [8, 3].
“Substitute eyes for the blind”, is the embedded system used to
detect obstacles and navigation direction as said by Bharambe et
al. [9]. Sahoo has explained a device to help visually imapaires
to live confidently in an unknown environment [10]. A guide for
blind in crutch based on ultrasonic to measure the distance
measurement of the obstacle and detection is designed. by Yi et
al. [11].
To independently navigate indoors as well as outdoors by
visually impaired person using a walking stick is proposed by
Sangami et al. [12]. A stick to guide the VCP on their way is
designed by Swain et al. [13]. A wearable smart, safe and
independent navigation system for blind people is designed by
Ali J. Ramadhan [14]. Smart electronic mobility aid for blind
people to identify obstacles and alert them is designed [15].
IoT enabled smart shoes can be used to give auditory
instructions to the blind people by studying their environment.
Recent research in this area suggests that Electronic Travel Aids
are designed specifically for the blind people to navigate safely

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

[4,5]. The existing devices have limited functionality and are • Vibration unit.
seldom used in practice. • Ultrasonic distance estimation module.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM • Gyroscope interface.
There are billions of individuals in world with visual
weakness are using sticks for safe guiding their path the
disadvantage of this stick is it cannot sense any obstacle coming
in front before. By the help of fast growing technologies in
recent times this problem is not so big by using different sensors
and creating a travelling aid could be helpful for visually
impaired persons to map their way safer. The IR sensor and
ringer won't give exact outcome to the visually impaired
individuals, this is the primary disadvantage of past task,
because of this issue IR sensor have been stopped using and this
misfortune led to one more issue for making guide wearable for
people.
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN
The proposed smart shoe directs the blind people by
informing them about the obstacles in their path of navigation
by using obstacle detection sensor. This sensor with the help of
Ultrasonic sensor estimates the distance of the obstacle and
issues acoustic instructions to the blind people by means of
audio instructions.
The shoe is integrated with an object detection sensor, which
is first of its kind to inform the blind about objects in the walking
surface
In this task a system to assist blind has been proposed. The
proposed IoT enabled smart shoe will help the independent Fig. 1. Arduino Uno
navigation of blind person with enhance efficacy. This system
can effectively detect obstacles both mobile and stationery. This
is a low cost system which is applicable for both indoor and
outdoor environments. The size of the overall unit is much
smaller suitable for embedding in a shoe. This task is proposed
to give by and large estimates object discovery, human
identification comprise of buzzer, android device and sensors for
detecting. This task focuses on the improvement of a Travelling
Aid pack to help the person wearing it to discover snag ways.
This system is attached to shoes. The point when the article is
identified close to the person and if any individual coming in
way it cautions them with the assistance of buzzer and assistance
of android application. In this system every unit is powered by a
pc connected with cable so there is no power issue.
This undertaking presents a framework idea for giving a
brilliant guide for daze individuals. This framework is expected
to give generally speaking estimates object discovery, and
constant Assistance by means of Global Positioning System.
This venture focuses on the advancement of an Electronic
Travelling Aid (Estimated time of arrival) unit to assist the
visually impaired individuals with discovering snag freeway.
This ETA is attached to shoes. The point when the article is
identified close to the person and if any individual coming in
way it cautions them with the assistance of buzzer.
Fig. 2. Vibration unit
V. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The task fundamentally comprises numerous
significant electronic segments like:
• Arduino Uno.

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA

Fig. 3. LED
Ultrasonic Sensors are used for obstacle detection Fig.5. Gyroscope sensor
andshow below in figure 6.
An ultrasonic sensor to detect potential obstacles at
an extended distance from the user, vibrating motors to
alert the user of these obstacles. The main advantages
are Low plan time, Low creation, cost, dynamic frame
work, Less space and Low force utilization.

Fig. 4. Ultrasonic Sensor

Gyroscope sensor is a device which is capable of

measuring and also maintaining the orientation and
angular velocity of an object. It is shown in the figure 7
below.
Fig. 6. System Implementation

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 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI ), Jan. 23 – 25, 2023, Coimbatore, INDIA
Fig. 7. Ultrasonic sensor implementation
Fig. 8. Gyroscope sensor implementation
VI. CONCLUSION
The proposed framework observation and testing
confirms its effectiveness and overcomes the issue like less
data passed on, helpless effectiveness of IR sensor is
removed. It supports VCP in detecting obstacles and gives
an alarm. The standards of mono heartbeat radar can be
used for deciding long reach target objects. The other
extension may incorporate another idea of ideal and safe
way discovery dependent on neural organizations for a
visually impaired individual.
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