Smart RFID System for Locker Cabinet Security

Using Android App

Kristianto Wijaya Jonathan Audris Heriyanto Davis Inde Satya
Computer Science, School of Computer Computer Science, School of Computer Jonathan Audris Heriyanto
Science Bina Nusantara University, Science Bina Nusantara University, Computer Science, School of Computer
Bandung Campus Bandung Campus Science Bina Nusantara University,
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia Bandung Campus
kristianto.wijaya@binus.ac.id jonathan.heriyanto001@binus.ac.id Jakarta, Indonesia
davis.satya@binus.ac.id

Jovianto Godjali Rissa Rahmania

Computer Science, School of Computer Computer Science, School of Computer
2022 4th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS) | 978-1-6654-5395-0/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICORIS56080.2022.10031313

Science Bina Nusantara University, Science Bina Nusantara University,

Bandung Campus Bandung Campus
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia
jovianto.godjali@binus.ac.id rissa.rahmania@binus.ac.id

Abstract—Crime rates have gone higher from year to year,
especially crimes related to thievery. It is one of the issues that
traditional security devices failed to handle, due to their
weaknesses and inability to inform the owner about the status
of the lock. Technology has advanced to another level, where it
has enabled devices to communicate with one another with the
use of the internet. This technology can be used to complement
traditional security system weaknesses. The purpose of this
research was to propose a prototype of a Smart RFID System
for Locker Cabinet Security Using an Android App. The
prototype utilizes WeMos D1 R2 with ESP8266 Wi-Fi module
as the microprocessor. Blynk app is used to monitor and
control the microcontroller. First, the WeMos D1 R2 will be
connected to actuators and sensors, such as a servo motor,
LCD, and RFID reader. Therefore, it can control the
functionality of each component, followed by android
application which can be used by the admin to identify the UID
of the card being tapped by the user and give permissions to
open the locker. When the admin chooses “Accept”, the
cabinet will be unlocked and when “Deny”, the lock stays shut.
The prototype is able to work as intended, while it also spark
researcher to improve the prototype by implementing a
database system, better application development, and applying
artificial intelligence to the system.
Keywords—RFID, Internet of Things, Embedded System,
Security System, mobile app, ESP8266, Blynk
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is basically a
fast-growing technology. IoT makes all possible for human
to connect or communicating object such as home
appliances, vehicles, factory machines, wearable devices,
various types of sensors and more. A combination of
commercial interest and government initiatives have made
smart homes, smart healthcare, smart cities, and smart
transport primary areas of focus for IoT application
development. Smart home is a section of the IoT that aims to
integrate home security and automation [1]. Security is
essential for every building and home, especially if the room
contains important data and files for an organization. Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) is a unique part of IoT.
RFID have low-cost maintenance which make RFID
appealing for IoT projects and its flexibility to be applied in
many scenarios [2]. RFID has a built-in antenna that can
communicate to a scanning device that can read the data
remotely and also each RFID tag has its own unique
identifying number. All of this creates a world of endless
possibilities, and we have seen many of them already in
action. For example, a sensor tag in a library book can store
various information like how many times it has been
borrowed, the borrowed frequency in any given time length,
and information about the book itself such as how many
pages, release years, authors, and many more. A lot of
potentials area available for RFID lock systems, and with
each passing year, it is getting more and more interesting and
complex.
Due to technological developments that continue to
develop and become increasingly sophisticated, it is certain
that the security system in the technology should be installed
very securely. However, it is possible for criminal acts such
as data theft and system hacking often occur, therefore we
need a better security system for maintaining the security of
data of a company, organization, or agency [3]. In addition,
IoT devices must implement best practice security measures
such as encryption, and to make it harder for the attacker, the
device must be physically secured, and make sure if a device
is compromised, it must reject or decline the program that
was provided by the attacker and notify the user that the
system is compromised [4]. We know that safety is an
important thing in our daily life routine, security can provide
comfort and serenity for everyone, cabinet security system
requires special attention, especially when we want some
locker is not easily opened by unauthorized people. A poor
security system can make us feel anxious when we want to
go outside cause our place could be the target of robbery or
other similar crimes. In that case, we want to make smart
devices that can restrict people from entering the room and
only that person has the key to access the room.
Munoz-Ausecha et al. [5], present advantages of
using RFID, such as high volume, low price non-contact
reading, and tag features while also providing its
disadvantages, that is in the past, there has been a case of
cloning MiFare passes leading to security breach. This
concludes that while RFID has its “modern” advantages, it
can also backfire. Due to that, two factor authentication is

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Fig. 1. System Schematic of Smart RFID Locker Cabinet Security System using Android Application
preferable in order to ensure the system security. In this
research Rahman and Prasetyo [6], found the dominant type
of crimes in Indonesia is crimes against the right of
ownership on average of 191,511 cases. Everyone wants the
protection of their valuable assets, for example in a library
locker. In the library we can leave our luggage in the locker
but, it causes anxiety about our belongings, especially if the
item is a valuable item such as a laptop, tablet, handphone,
wallet, and other valuables because of that anxiety the
concept of locker security arises. Protecting our valuable
assets is of the utmost importance and installing a great
security system is the best option to keep our valuable assets
safe. Zeyad et al. [7] proposed a smart household touch-
sensitive locker security system based on GSM technology,
using emerging wireless technology, microcontroller, and
GSM which the system will notify the user through SMS
when someone touches our locker. Therefore, this research is
made to analyze and develop the security system for cabinets
to deal with people’s worry when they are storing their
precious belongings.
The paper is organized as follows: Literature Reviews are
discussed in Section 2, The Materials and Methods
(Proposed System) are presented in Section 3, Section 4
presents Results and Discussion, and Section 5 concludes the
paper.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In this section, literature review was conducted by
referencing to other papers and journals, as well as websites
to acquire data in order to answer the research questions: a)
Can IoT support the system security? b) How can IoT
support this security system? c) What technologies or
components support the IoT to be implemented into the
security system?
Many people in their daily life use a traditional security
system that uses a key to lock or unlock a door. Due to a lot
of distractions in everyday life, the key can go missing if we
are careless enough, and people with bad intentions can
duplicate the key easily. Burglars also have the tendency to
avoid confrontation with households when they plan to
commit thievery, so they will likely plan to rob an
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unoccupied house [8]. They might succeed in penetrating the
security system and this will be the real problem. Traditional
security system lacks the function to inform the households
when their houses are getting robbed. All of this danger gets
even worse if the door is protecting large data or valuable
items for a company or organization. It will be a lot safer and
more convenient to use something like a fingerprint scanner
or face recognition authorization, as those things cannot go
missing, and they are not duplicable.
Next, a traditional CCTV camera system is used
depending on the situation. While for example street cameras
in big cities or in airports are often monitored by human
eyes, if we use traditional CCTV cameras to monitor a room
or the front door of our homes, then it is not efficient. The
most obvious problem is that you need someone to monitor it
at all times, plus if there are a lot of cameras it is becoming
increasingly difficult to monitor all of them. This problem
can be easily solved if we use something like a motion
detector camera, to detect if a person is nearby the door, then
it can take a picture of the person’s face, and send it to the
owner’s phone. The owner can either approve (opening the
door, letting the person get in) or disapprove (closing the
door shut, to prevent the person from getting in). Not only
that we do not have to monitor it at all times, all of this can
be done remotely, which is very convenient.
Shanthini et al. [9], proposed a system in this research,
using a servo motor, Arduino UNO, Bluetooth module,
mobile application, and buzzer to improve the security of a
room. First, guests must enter the Bluetooth password in
order to connect to the Bluetooth module, then they are
prompted to input their credential into the app. The
credential will be verified by comparing it with the credential
stored in the firebase database. In the firebase database, the
owner can maintain every stored id, such as deleting and
registering it. If the credential entered by the guess is valid,
the LOCK and UNLOCK button will appear in their
application, both buttons will be able to rotate the servo
motor to unlock or lock the door. If the credential is invalid,
the buzzer will ring and the guests’ phone number along with
SMS will be sent to the owner’s phone and guests will
receive a warning notification. Another research that has
advanced system security proposed by San Hlaing et al. [10],
this research is about an electronic door lock with two factor
security system using Arduino, RFID, and keypad. The
yellow LED on the device will be turned on and the program
will permit the user to enter a password from the keypad if
the user has a valid ID card tapped against an RFID reader. If
the user has the correct ID card and entered the correct
password, a green LED will be turned on and the solenoid
that acts as the lock will be opened. The solenoid can be
altered to lock the door by pressing a * or # key. Another
research employing android application is proposed by
Alqahtani et al. [11], it is about an automated smart locker
for college using Arduino UNO integrated with android
application using HC-05 Bluetooth module in order to
control the state of the lock. College students will be able to
access their locker from their phone by choosing to lock or
unlock the cabinet door. The phone will then send a
notification about the door. If a problem occurred with the
Bluetooth connection, student still can access their cabinet by
typing a password from a keypad. Buzzer and LED will be
turned on in case the student entered the wrong password
three times. Not only room security, IoT-based security can
also be implemented on a security box as proposed by Ayon
et al. [12], which designed a smart security box system using
Arduino and GSM module. The research works by setting a
particular time for the box to be opened. If someone tries to
open a box earlier, an LDR sensor will be enacted, and it will
send a signal to Arduino. The Arduino will then activate an
alarm, LCD, and GSM module. The alarm will alert whoever
opens the box and the LCD will display a warning message.
Additionally, the GSM module will send a message to the
proprietor’s mobile phone to inform them that the box is
being opened by someone else. The GSM module will send
the message based on the user’s phone number and it also
depends on the signal strength through the mobile tower.
The security system has become an important and
mandatory thing for every house. Usually, most doors can be
opened by using keys, numeric keypad, or id card. Although,
incident such as key or card loss has led to robbery case or
can be even worse. To prevent this problem Radzi et al. [13]
proposed a security system based facial recognition using
raspberry pi combine with IoT. Radzi et al. using deep
learning technique to perform face recognition on door
access control system. In this paper, the face recognition is
able to recognize the face and able to send notification to a
user when unknown people have been detected. Another
safety indicator is how people inside the room can feel safe
about their belongings. Atmiasri et al. [14], proposed to
design and build an automatic goods locker with Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) security which uses
Atmega328 for the microcontroller, also using the keypad to
provide input to the Atmega328 microcontroller and then
using solenoid for the door lock. The main purpose of this
research is to make cabinet locker security become safe and
easy to use. In this research an automatic item locker with
RFID security can be created and operated with the
Atmega328 microcontroller as a circuit control centre, then
the RFID is able to read the ID RFID tag with a maximum
distance of 1.8cm. RFID also can be applied with more
advanced architecture, e.g., Hasan et al. [15] proposed an
automatic door lock for classroom security systems. The
system uses an RFID ID Card as the key that connects to the
server. The server will then give the instruction to the
microcontroller as the input to the magnetic lock door. When
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the serial number has been registered, the Arduino will send
the signal to automatically open the magnetic solenoid. With
the server applied, more data can be stored, way more than
when the data is only inside the Arduino. The modernized
version of the RFID sensor is also available in the market,
where the sensor can detect cards with different frequencies,
such as E-KTP. Najib et al. [16] used this sensor and
proposed research about a smart door lock using the
modernized RFID sensor, passive infrared sensor, solenoid
as door locks, buzzer, E-KTP as RFID tags which acts as the
input, and android application to controlling and monitoring
which is connected to NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 as storage
data and connect with firebase real-time database. A different
approach which was conducted by Lorenzo et al. [17] where
a review about RFID and Bluetooth security is taken place.
The focus is on the security challenges in this digitalization
world, to prevent information availability, integrity, and
confidentiality from being compromised.
Kumar et al. [18] realized that IoT devices are made up
of many smaller devices such as sensors, tags, actuators,
mobile devices, and many more which could interact with
each other without the present of human, which are
vulnerable in term of security. The focus on the research is to
discuss possible attacks that can occur on an RFID system,
and how to handle them.
RFID can be used for security, tracking, and monitoring
purposes. For the application itself, RFID can be used in
tollgate transactions, bank locker security systems, and
automatic speed control. The main features of RFID itself
are:
• RFID has a unique ID
• Capture data at high speed
• Ability to read and store data with read/write
passwords protection mode
Also, the benefit of using RFID are:
• RFID tag stores data in non-volatile memory and is
able to hold 8 kilobytes of data. This is better than
the standard barcodes which are designed with
limited information.
• Each RFID tag is labeled as individual as each tag
has its own unique ID.
• Ability to store dynamic information, while
barcodes are only able to store static information.
• Applicable in various areas as its small size and
consume less power, as well as low cost, high
speed, and high accuracy.
Munoz-Ausecha et al [19], found that RFID is becoming
more relevant to human lives and branched to newer
applications as well as complementing the old and known
applications. Based on the research conducted, it is found
that the total of RFID applications on IoT documents
published is positioned above every other application with a
total of 2399 documents published between 2019 and 2020.
This concludes that RFID supports many applications in the
Internet of Things due to its features and benefits.
Next, Baashirah and Abuzneid [20] conducted a survey
to review and compare different authentication of RFID from
low-cost passive tags to get better utilization in the
appropriate application. They demonstrate in this paper due
 Fig. 2. Flowchart Security System on Client
to fill the requirements of an RFID system that must be
satisfied, then the system could be able to defend major
attacks such as DoS, desynchronization, impersonation, and
more. Because of the RFID passive tag has limited resources
to compute complex operation, the heavyweight and simple-
weight protocols are not suitable for practical
implementation. Even so, lightweight and ultra-lightweight
protocols use only simple operations within the tag
computation limit and shows the lowest tag overhead level.
The most suitable for the current applications are lightweight
and ultra-lightweight protocols. They also examine the
security threats in each protocol from another research paper,
and the result is some of the protocols successfully resist all
major attacks. While the other protocols could not resist all
major attacks, they could perform better that the fully secure
protocols in term of computation cost, which have high
computation overhead on the tag side.
Based on those literature reviews, we are inspired to
make an RFID system for locker cabinet security connected
to an android app using Blynk.
III. THE MATERIALS AND METHOD (PROPOSED
SYSTEM)
In this section, the materials and method for our proposed
system will be described. Figures will also be presented for
the flowcharts about how the system will function, android
application, which was made using Blynk application, and
the prototype itself.
The component used for our system, consists of WeMos
D1 R2 with ESP8266 WiFi module as the main
microcontroller, Servo motor serves as the cabinet lock,
Mifare RFID reader module as the card scanner, LCD for the
interface module, and an android app made with Blynk as the
access control are shown on Fig. 1. WeMos D1 R2 with
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module development board is a
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programmable microprocessor unit on Arduino-UNO
footprint. This component will be the main “brain” of this
system. The features of this development board consist of:
• Connectable to Wi-Fi connection via ESP8366
• 11 digital I/O pins
• Micro USB connection
• Compatible with Arduino and NodeMCU
• 3.3V – 5V power output
Mifare RC522 Reader Module used for our ID card
scanner. This reader module uses 3.3V as power, which is
compatible with WeMos D1 R2 which can output 3.3V – 5V
power. Each ID card has its own unique ID (UID) which will
be read by the scanner. And then the scanner will give the
UID to WeMos to check whether the UID is allowed or not.
LCD 20×4 using the I2C interface is the next component to
display what the user should do e.g., the LCD displayed “Put
your card on RFID reader”, that way the user knows to tap
their ID card. The last component is needed to serve as the
lock, for this prototype, a servo motor is used. Servo motor is
used as the system actuator. A Servo motor is a type of motor
that is able to rotate as programmed. In this system, the servo
motor serves as a solenoid substitute, which serves as the
cabinet lock. It has three cables, the red cable that must be
connected to a 5-volt power source, the dark brown cable
that must be connected to the ground pin of ESP8266, and
the yellow cable that must be connected to the digital pin to
receive pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from the
ESP8266.
Blynk IoT is a platform that is used to control
microcontrollers, such as ESP8266 and Arduino, from
smartphones. It consists of the Blynk server, Blynk app, and
Blynk libraries. Blynk app enables the developer to design a
graphical interface with the provided widget and give them
an address in order to transmit or receive responses from the
microcontroller. Blynk server will be responsible for
communication between the microcontroller and smartphone.
The microcontroller will be able to communicate with the
server by using the classes and objects provided by Blynk
libraries.
Flowchart Security System on client in Fig.2 describes
how the system works for the client, started by when the
client wanted to access the cabinet locker door using a card
reader, and the card reader automatically sends the card UID
data to Arduino which will be continued to the android app.
Admin, using the android app, will receive the data and
notification from Arduino and admin will verify the data, if
the data doesn’t have access the door will not open, but if the
data have access the door will open.
Fig. 3. Flowchart Security System on Admin
Fig. 3 shows Flowchart Security System on admin that
explained the system work for the admin. After the user taps
the ID card to the RFID scanner, the admin will receive the
notification and UID data from Arduino and show it on the
android application then admin will validate the data, if the
data is not valid, the admin can reject the access through the
application and notify the client that they don’t have access
to the locker. If the data is valid, the admin can accept the
access through the application and the locker will open.
Our proposed application design interface was made by
using a third-party application, Blynk, presented in Fig. 4.
Essentially, the interface of the app consists of a virtual LCD
on the top half of the app, which will provide the UID of the
card being tapped into the RFID scanner, and two buttons to
receive input from the admin on the bottom half of the
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application. Fig. 4a indicates the android app on waiting
state. The waiting state means that the system is waiting for
the ID card to be tapped into the RFID scanner. Fig. 4b
depicts the android application after the user tapped the valid
card into the scanner, and the buttons can be pressed by the
admin that allows the user to open the locker (‘Accept’), as
depicted in Fig. 4c, or keep it locked (‘Deny’) as depicted in
Fig. 4d.
A. Work Description
When an RFID card is placed near the RFID reader, the
RFID reader will transmit an electromagnetic field from its
antenna. Electrons will move through the RFID card’s
antenna and power the chip. The powered chip inside the
RFID card will enable it to give its UID in the form of radio
waves and the RFID reader will be able to read the UID in
the RFID tag. Then, the RFID reader will pass the data to the
WeMos D1 R2 microcontroller. The microcontroller will
check the UID and compare it with the one it stores. If the
UID matches, the microcontroller will send the UID to the
Blynk app. The admin will see the UID, and decide to open
the cabinet or to keep it closed by pressing the corresponding
button. If the button labeled “Accept” is pressed, the
microcontroller will power the D4 pin and output the PWM
signal, thus rotating the servo motor 150 degrees to unlock
the cabinet, but if the user denies it, the microcontroller will
keep the cabinet locked. If the UID does not match, the
microcontroller will also send the UID to the Blynk app to
inform the user that someone is trying to access the cabinet.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section consists of 2 parts, results and discussion.
The result is presented with the prototype that has been made
and the explanation of the testing phase. The discussion part
presents the challenges encountered while working on the
prototype and possible improvements to the prototype.
A. Results
For the prototype, a cardboard box is used to serve as our
locker cabinet, and the electrical components are put on the
box as shown in Fig. 5. The servo motor is inside the box to
lock and unlock the box, as shown in Fig. 6.
The lock system used is similar to the sliding lock
system. Except, instead of sliding the lock, it rotates
clockwise, going inside the box (Fig. 6b) when opening and
counter-clockwise, going back to its original position when
locking (Fig. 6a). When the door is locked, it will hold the
door from being opened by holding it when the door is
pulled up.
The result of this research has shown that initially, the
LCD will display “Put your card on RFID reader” when no
one is placing RFID cards as shown in Fig. 7a. When
someone places their card on the RFID reader, it can be
found that the RFID reader is able to read the RFID card and
pass the UID into the microcontroller. The microcontroller
also has succeeded in validating the UID as it is responding
by writing “Access denied” (Fig. 7b) when the card is not
valid, and by writing “Valid ID, awaiting admin’s
permission” (Fig. 7c) when the card is valid. Regardless of
the card, the microcontroller will send its UID to the Blynk
app as shown in Fig. 4b, and grant the admin’s choice to
accept or deny access if the card is valid. Depending on the
admin’s choice, the Blynk app will send the virtual pin of the
pressed button to the microcontroller and make the
microcontroller rotate the servo motor if the admin pressed
the accept button as shown in Fig. 6b. The servo motor will
rotate for 150 degrees to unlock the cabinet and rotate again
for 150 degrees to lock the cabinet.
B. Discussion
One of the challenges encountered while working on this
project was how to implement our lock system. The cause is
the servo motor used as the lock. The Servo motor barely
works as a lock because it is not strong enough to hold the
door being pulled. As for this problem, in future work, can
be solved by using a solenoid lock instead of a servo motor.
A solenoid lock is stronger to serve as the lock than a servo
motor, but the downside is the need for extra voltage for the
solenoid to work. WeMos D1 R2 that was used on our
prototype can only output 3-3V – 5V power, therefore extra
voltage from a 9V battery can be used to power the solenoid.
Other challenges faced were how all the components
were being put on. As seen in Fig. 5, the cable management
is still poorly managed. Hence, there is room for
improvement in the prototype. Some bugs were also found c) d)
on the android app. For example, sometimes the virtual LCD
is not updating when the user taps the card and it doesn’t Fig. 4. Proposed Application Design, a) waiting state, b) waiting approval,
show the UID and the virtual LCD sometimes bugged out c) accepted, d) denied.
and doesn’t show anything. This problem could be solved
with better application engineering as we used third-party The prototype is still limited to its functionality to open a
software, Blynk to make the android app. This prototype can locker using RFID and android application, and this
also be implemented for other uses, such as a room security prototype has opportunities to be enhanced. For instance, if
system if the lock is strong enough to hold doors. someone stole the ID card, it would still need admin approval
to access the locker cabinet. As for the prototype that has
been made, the admin would need to check manually to
compare the ID card with the respective owner e.g., by using
a signature or photos. This limitation can be solved by using
more advanced technology, such as applying a camera to the
system to identify the user accessing the locker, and
Artificial Intelligence (A.I) will compare the face of the user
with the photo in the database. When the face is matched,
then the locker will open and when the face doesn’t match,
the locker will stay closed. Another thing that can be applied,
is a database system. The data for UID can be kept in a
database system rather than the prototype's microprocessor
itself.

a) b)

a)

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b)
Fig. 5. Prototype view, a) side view, b) front view
a)
b)
Fig. 6. Prototype lock system, a) locked, b) unlocked
Fig. 7.
V. CONCLUSION
Our research concludes that the RFID system can be
improved by using an android application to add extra
security to the system, hence making it safer for the user to [1]
use. After the testing phase is done, we conclude that our
prototype system is able to work as intended. User can tap
their ID card on the RFID scanner and then wait for the
[2]
admin’s permission. This permission grants the admin to
monitor the UID that is being tapped into the scanner. After
that, the admin may choose “Accept” or “Deny” for the
locker. [3]
Although our prototype still has some challenges, it still
can be solved. For the lock system, instead of using a servo
motor, a solenoid can be used as the lock mechanism to [4]
make it safer, although the prototype will need extra voltage.
For the android application, Blynk is used as a third-party
application to make the android application and connect it to
the microcontroller. Therefore, there are opportunities to [5]
expand on this research, such as including a database system,
depth application design, and engineering in both Android
and iOS, adding a camera and artificial intelligence (A.I) in
the system to detect faces.
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a)
b)
c)
d)
LCD Display, a) Idle, b) card denied, c) card accepted, d) admin
gives permission.
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