IE3 Unit 3 – Medicine – Additional Vocabulary

1. Pandemic (Noun): An outbreak of a disease occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting
an exceptionally high proportion of the population.
• Example: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health and
economies.
2. Antibiotic (Noun): A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
• Example: Doctors prescribe antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.
3. Oncology (Noun): The branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of tumors,
especially cancerous ones.
• Example: Advancements in oncology have improved cancer diagnosis and treatment.
4. Vaccine (Noun): A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide
immunity against one or several diseases.
• Example: Vaccines have played a crucial role in preventing the spread of infectious
diseases.
5. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (Noun): A medical imaging technique used to visualize
internal structures of the body in detail.
• Example: The doctor recommended an MRI to get a clearer picture of the patient's
condition.
6. Hypertension (Noun): Abnormally high blood pressure.
• Example: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage hypertension.
7. Genetics (Noun): The study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
• Example: Genetic research has led to advancements in personalized medicine.
8. Diabetes (Noun): A chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar
(glucose).
• Example: Patients with diabetes need to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly.
9. Ventilator (Noun): A machine designed to provide mechanical ventilation by moving breathable
air into and out of the lungs.
• Example: In severe respiratory cases, patients may require the assistance of a ventilator.
10. Endoscopy (Noun): A medical procedure used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or
cavity of the body.
• Example: The doctor recommended an endoscopy to investigate the cause of stomach
discomfort.
11. Pulse oximeter (Noun): A device used to measure the oxygen saturation of a patient's blood.
• Example: During the checkup, the nurse used a pulse oximeter to monitor the patient's
oxygen levels.
12. Antigen (Noun): A substance that induces the production of antibodies in the body.
• Example: Vaccines often contain weakened antigens to stimulate the immune system.
13. Pharmacy (Noun): The science and practice of preparing and dispensing drugs.
• Example: Pharmacists play a vital role in educating patients about medication usage.
 14. Pathology (Noun): The study of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and
consequences.
• Example: Pathology plays a crucial role in diagnosing various medical conditions.
15. Cardiology (Noun): The branch of medicine that deals with diseases and abnormalities of the
heart.
• Example: Cardiology specialists focus on preventing and treating heart-related disorders.
16. Neurology (Noun): The branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the nervous system.
• Example: Patients with neurological conditions often consult neurologists for specialized
care.
17. Oncology (Noun): The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of cancer.
• Example: Advancements in oncology have led to more effective cancer therapies.
18. Gastroenterology (Noun): The branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its
disorders.
• Example: Gastroenterologists specialize in treating conditions related to the stomach
and intestines.
19. Pediatrics (Noun): The branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children,
and adolescents.
• Example: Pediatricians play a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of young
patients.
20. Pulmonology (Noun): The branch of medicine that deals with the respiratory system and its
disorders.
• Example: Pulmonologists diagnose and treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and
chronic bronchitis.
21. Dermatology (Noun): The branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and
diseases.
• Example: Dermatologists specialize in treating skin conditions and disorders.
22. Pharmacology (Noun): The study of drugs, including their composition, uses, and effects.
• Example: Pharmacology research is essential for developing new and effective
medications.

Adjectives:
23. Infectious (Adjective): Likely to spread or cause an infection.
• Example: Infectious diseases require prompt isolation and treatment.
24. Palliative (Adjective): Relieving pain or alleviating a problem without dealing with the
underlying cause.
• Example: Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life for patients with serious
illnesses.
25. Invasive (Adjective): Involving entry into the body, usually by cutting or puncturing.
• Example: Invasive procedures may be necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
 26. Resilient (Adjective): Capable of recovering quickly from difficult conditions.
• Example: The immune system is remarkably resilient in fighting off infections.
27. Contagious (Adjective): Capable of being transmitted from one person or organism to another.
• Example: Contagious diseases can spread rapidly in crowded environments.
28. Chronic (Adjective): Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
• Example: Chronic conditions may require ongoing medical management.
29. Non-invasive (Adjective): Not requiring insertion or puncture of instruments into the body.
• Example: Non-invasive imaging techniques reduce the risk associated with medical
procedures.
30. Adaptive (Adjective): Able to adjust to new conditions.
• Example: The adaptive nature of the immune system helps the body fight various
infections.

Verbs:
31. Administer (Verb): To give a drug or provide medical care.
• Example: Nurses administer medication according to the doctor's instructions.
32. Diagnose (Verb): To identify or determine the nature and cause of a medical condition.
• Example: Doctors use various tests to diagnose illnesses accurately.
33. Prescribe (Verb): To recommend and authorize the use of a particular medicine or treatment.
• Example: The physician will prescribe antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection.
34. Vaccinate (Verb): To treat with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease.
• Example: It's essential to vaccinate children to protect them from preventable diseases.
35. Monitor (Verb): To observe and check the progress or quality of something over a period.
• Example: Doctors monitor patients closely during and after medical procedures.
36. Treat (Verb): To take action to cure or alleviate a medical condition.
• Example: Physical therapists treat musculoskeletal injuries through exercises and
therapy.
37. Surgically intervene (Verb): To perform a medical procedure involving an incision or operation.
• Example: In some cases, surgeons may need to surgically intervene to address health
issues.
38. Inoculate (Verb): To introduce a vaccine or antigen into the body to produce immunity.
• Example: Health professionals inoculate individuals to prevent the spread of contagious
diseases.
39. Operate (Verb): To perform surgery on a patient.
• Example: Surgeons operate to repair or remove damaged organs or tissues.
40. Educate (Verb): To provide information and instruction on a particular subject.
• Example: Health educators educate communities on preventive healthcare measures.
Collocations:
41. Primary care physician (Collocation): A general practitioner who provides routine healthcare
services.
• Example: Your primary care physician can address common health concerns and refer
you to specialists when needed.
42. Clinical trial (Collocation): A research study to test the safety and effectiveness of new medical
treatments.
• Example: Participating in a clinical trial allows patients to access cutting-edge medical
interventions.
43. Patient history (Collocation): A record of a patient's past and current medical conditions.
• Example: Doctors review patient history to understand the context of their health issues.
44. Health insurance (Collocation): A type of coverage that pays for medical and surgical expenses
incurred by the insured.
• Example: Having health insurance is crucial for accessing timely and affordable
healthcare.
45. Rehabilitation center (Collocation): A facility providing specialized care and therapy to help
individuals recover from injuries or surgeries.
• Example: After knee surgery, patients may undergo rehabilitation at a specialized center.

Idioms:
46. Bite the bullet (Idiom): To endure a painful or difficult situation.
• Example: Before surgery, the patient knew he had to bite the bullet and face the
procedure.
47. The ball is in your court (Idiom): It is now your responsibility to make a decision or take action.
• Example: After discussing treatment options, the doctor told the patient, "The ball is in
your court; decide what you're comfortable with."
48. Cut to the chase (Idiom): To get to the main point without wasting time.
• Example: During medical consultations, patients appreciate when doctors cut to the
chase and explain the diagnosis clearly.
49. Break the news (Idiom): To inform someone about something significant, often bad or
unpleasant.
• Example: The doctor must break the news about a serious diagnosis with empathy and
sensitivity.
50. Out of the woods (Idiom): Free from danger or difficulty; out of a challenging situation.
• Example: After successful treatment, the patient is finally out of the woods and on the
road to recovery.