End of Year Examination

Autumn Term 2023 / 2024

Subject: Chemistry
Teacher: Mr Mohamed Akadi
Time allowed: 1 Hour.
For this paper you must have:
 A ruler
You may use a calculator.

Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
 Answer all questions.
 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each
page or on blank pages.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

The maximum mark for this paper is 93.

Candidate Name:

Candidate Year 10

Page 1 of 24
Q1.
This question is about lithium and sodium.

(a) Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

In which group of the periodic table are lithium and sodium? Group
(1)

(b) A lithium atom can be represented as

The diagram represents the lithium atom.

(i) Some particles in the nucleus have a positive charge.

What is the name of these particles?

___________________________________
(1)

(ii) Some particles in the nucleus have no charge.

What is the name of these particles?

____________________________________
(1)

(iii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

3 4 7

The mass number of this atom of lithium is

(1)

Page 2 of 24
(c) Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

sodium + chlorine sodium chloride

The diagram shows how the reaction happens.

Only the outer electrons are shown.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

gaining

(i) A sodium atom changes into a sodium ion by losing an electron.

sharing

(1)

a negative

(ii) A sodium ion has no charge.

a positive

(1)

(iii) The ions in sodium chloride are held together by

covalent

strong electrostatic forces.

magnetic

(1)

Page 3 of 24
(d) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

Tick ( ) two properties of ionic compounds.

Property Tick ( )

Do not dissolve in water

High melting points

Low boiling points

Strong bonds

(2)

(e) (i) The formula of sodium chloride is NaCl

Calculate the relative formula mass of sodium chloride.

Relative atomic masses: Na = 23; Cl = 35.5

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Relative formula mass = _______________________

(1)

(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

The relative formula mass of a substance, in grams,

ion

is one isotope of the substance.

mole

(1)

(f) Nanoparticles of sodium chloride (salt) are used to flavour crisps.

What are nanoparticles?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 12 marks)

Page 4 of 24
Q2.
This question is about small particles.

(a) Coarse particles, fine particles and nanoparticles are all small particles.

Which is the largest particle?

Tick (✓) one box.

Coarse particle

Fine particle

Nanoparticle

(1)

(b) The figure below shows a cubic nanoparticle.

The surface area of the cubic nanoparticle is 24 nm2.

Calculate:
• the volume of the cubic nanoparticle
• the simplest surface area : volume ratio of the cubic nanoparticle.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Volume = __________nm3

___________________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 24
 ___________________________________________________________________

Simplest surface area : volume ratio = __________ : 1

(4)

(c) Catalysts made of nanoparticles are often more effective than catalysts made of
normal sized particles.

Complete the sentences.

Compared with normal sized particles, the surface area to volume ratio of
nanoparticles is _______________.

This means that the mass of a nanoparticle catalyst needed to have the same effect

as the same catalyst made of normal sized particles is _______________.

(2)

(d) Silver nanoparticles can be added to the material used to make socks.

Some facts about silver and bacteria are:

• silver nanoparticles are small enough to be breathed in
• silver is very expensive
• silver can kill bacteria
• bacteria can cause infections
• bacteria can break down sweat to produce unpleasant smells.

Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of wearing socks containing silver
nanoparticles.

Advantage _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Disadvantage _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e) An atom has a radius of 1 × 10−10 m.

A spherical nanoparticle has a radius of 1 × 10−8 m.

How many times larger is the radius of the nanoparticle than the radius of the atom?

Tick (✓) one box.

2 times

Page 6 of 24
 10 times

100 times

200 times

(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q3.
This question is about atoms.

(a) The figure below represents an atom of an element.

Draw one line from each name to the correct label.

Name Label

Neutron

Proton

D
(2)

(b) An atom of element Y has:

• an atomic number of 9
• a mass number of 19.

Page 7 of 24
 Give the number of electrons and the number of neutrons in this atom.

Choose answers from the box.

1 9 10 19 28

Number of electrons _______________

Number of neutrons ________________

(2)

The table below shows information about two isotopes of element Z.

Percentage
Mass number
abundance (%)

Isotope A 39 93.3

Isotope B 41 6.7

(c) Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of element Z.

Use the table above and the equation:

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Ar (3 significant figures) = _______________

(3)

(d) Suggest the identity of element Z.

Use the periodic table.

Element Z ____________________
(1)

(e) Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

electrons neutrons protons

Page 8 of 24
 Isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers because the isotopes

have different numbers of _______________.

(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Q4.
This question is about materials and their properties.

(a) Figure 1 shows a carbon nanotube.

Figure 1

The structure and bonding in a carbon nanotube are similar to graphene.

Carbon nanotubes are used in electronics because they conduct electricity.

Explain why carbon nanotubes conduct electricity.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Figure 2 shows a badminton racket.

Figure 2

Page 9 of 24
The following table shows some properties of materials.

The materials could be used to make badminton racket frames.

Relative Relative
Material Density in g/cm3
strength stiffness

Aluminium 2.7 0.3 69

Carbon nanotube 1.5 60 1000

Wood 0.71 0.1 10

Evaluate the use of the materials to make badminton racket frames.

Use the table above.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 10 of 24
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

Zinc oxide can be produced as nanoparticles and as fine particles.

(c) A nanoparticle of zinc oxide is a cube of side 82 nm

Figure 3 represents a nanoparticle of zinc oxide.

Figure 3

Calculate the surface area of a nanoparticle of zinc oxide.

Give your answer in standard form.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Surface area = __________________________ nm2

(1)

(d) Some suncreams contain zinc oxide as nanoparticles or as fine particles.

Suggest one reason why it costs less to use nanoparticles rather than fine particles

Page 11 of 24
 in suncreams.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q5.
This question is about atomic structure and the periodic table.

Gallium (Ga) is an element that has two isotopes.

(a) Give the meaning of ‘isotopes’.

You should answer in terms of subatomic particles.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) The table below shows the mass numbers and percentage abundances of the
isotopes of gallium.

Mass Percentage abundance

number (%)

69 60

71 40

Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of gallium.

Page 12 of 24
 Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Relative atomic mass (1 decimal place) = _______________

(2)

Gallium (Ga) is in Group 3 of the modern periodic table.

(c) Give the numbers of electrons and neutrons in an atom of the isotope

Number of electrons ______________

Number of neutrons ______________

(2)

(d) What is the most likely formula of a gallium ion?

Tick (✓) one box.

Ga+

Ga–

Ga3+

Ga3–

(1)

(e) Gallium was discovered six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table.

Give two reasons why the discovery of gallium helped Mendeleev’s periodic table to
become accepted.

1 _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________

Page 13 of 24
 ___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q6.
(a) A chemist was asked to identify a nitrogen compound. The chemist carried out an
experiment to find the relative formula mass (Mr) of the compound.

The Mr of the compound was 44.

Relative atomic masses: N = 14, O = 16

Draw a ring around the formula of the compound.

NO NO2 N2O4 N 2O
(1)

(b) Potassium nitrate is another nitrogen compound. It is used in fertilisers. It has the
formula KNO3.

The Mr of potassium nitrate is 101.

Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in potassium nitrate.

Relative atomic mass: N = 14.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Percentage of nitrogen = _______________ %

(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q7.
Calamine lotion is used to treat itching. The main ingredients are two metal oxides.

Page 14 of 24
(a) One of the metal oxides has a relative formula mass (Mr) of 81.

The formula of this metal oxide is MO.

(M is not the correct symbol for the metal.)

The relative atomic mass (Ar) of oxygen is 16.

(i) Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of metal M.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Relative atomic mass (Ar) = _____________

(2)

(ii) Use your answer to part (a)(i) and the periodic table on the Data Sheet to
name metal M.

The name of metal M is ___________________________________ .

(1)

(b) The other metal oxide is iron(III) oxide.

This contains iron(III) ions (Fe3+) and oxide ions (O2-).

(i) Explain in terms of electrons how an iron atom (Fe) can change into an iron(III)
ion (Fe3+).

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Page 15 of 24
 ______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) The diagram below represents the electronic structure of an oxygen atom (O).

Complete the diagram below to show the electronic structure of an oxide ion
(O2-).

(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q8.
X is an element with the following properties:

• melts at –220°C and boils at –188°C;

• does not conduct electricity at room temperature;

• forms molecular compounds with non-metals;

• forms ionic salts with metals in which its ion has a 1–charge.

(a) Would you expect X to be a solid, a liquid or a gas at 20°C?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Page 16 of 24
 (b) Predict the formula of the product formed when X reacts with aluminium.
(The aluminium ion is Al3+ and the X ion is X–.)
Select your answer from the list below.

AlX AlX2 AlX3 Al3X Al2X3

Predicted formula __________________________

(1)

(c) To which Group of the Periodic Table does the element X belong?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q9.
The extract below was taken from a leaflet on the uses of platinum. One of the uses
described was in making electrodes for spark plugs in car engines. The spark plug
produces the spark which ignites the fuel in the engine.

Spark Plugs

The electrodes in a spark plug have to conduct electricity very well. Since they
project into the combustion chamber of the engine, they must also be able to
withstand extremely high temperatures in a very corrosive atmosphere.

Nickel-based plugs have been produced for many years. They only last a fairly
short time. As the electrodes wear, combustion becomes less efficient and the
petrol is not burnt completely.

Platinum and other precious metals can now be used in spark plugs. These
last much longer and are more efficient. This can help to reduce air pollution.

The table below gives some information about platinum and nickel.

MELTING BOILING POSITION IN COST

POINT POINT REACTIVITY (£/kg)
(° C) (° C) SERIES

nickel 1455 2920 Higher than gold 2.5

platinum 1769 4107 below gold 6110

Page 17 of 24
 (a) Compare nickel and platinum for use in making the electrodes in spark plugs.

A good answer should give advantages and disadvantages of each metal linking
these to the properties of the metals. Marks will be given for the way in which you
organise your answer.

You will need a sheet of lined paper.

(8)

(b) (i) Describe the structure and bonding in metals.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) Explain why metals such as nickel and platinum are good conductors of
electricity.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Q10.
A student investigated the mass of copper oxide produced by heating copper carbonate.

This is the method used.

1. Weigh an empty test tube.

2. Weigh 2.00 g of copper carbonate into the test tube.

3. Heat the copper carbonate until there appears to be no further change.

Page 18 of 24
4. Re-weigh the test tube and copper oxide produced.

5. Subtract the mass of the empty tube to find the mass of copper oxide.

6. Repeat steps 1−5 twice.

7. Repeat steps 1−6 with different masses of copper carbonate.

The table below shows the student’s results.

Mass of copper Mass of copper oxide in g

carbonate in g Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean

2.00 1.29 1.27 1.31 1.29

4.00 2.89 2.57 2.59 2.58

6.00 3.85 3.90 3.87 3.87

8.00 5.12 5.15 5.09 X

10.00 6.42 6.45 6.45 6.44

The equation for the reaction is:

CuCO3(s) ⟶ CuO(s) + CO2(g)

(a) Complete the sentence.

The state symbol shows carbon dioxide is a ___________________ .

(1)

(b) Why do the contents of the test tube lose mass in the investigation?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Calculate the mean mass X in the table above.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

X = __________________ g
(1)

(d) One of the results in the table above is anomalous.

Which result is anomalous?

Mass of copper carbonate _________________ g Trial __________________

(1)

Page 19 of 24
(e) Suggest how the investigation could be improved to make sure the reaction is
complete.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

Another student repeated the investigation using magnesium carbonate instead of copper carbonate.

The word equation for the reaction is:

magnesium carbonate ⟶ magnesium oxide + carbon dioxide

The graph below shows the results of the investigation.

(f) Draw a line of best fit on the graph above.

(1)

(g) Determine the mass of magnesium oxide produced by 8.4 g of magnesium

carbonate.

Use the graph above.

Page 20 of 24
 Mass = __________________ g
(1)

(h) Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide produced when 168 g of magnesium
carbonate is heated.

Use your answer to part (g)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Mass of magnesium oxide produced = __________________ g

(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q11.
This question is about carbon and compounds of carbon.

Figure 1 shows diagrams that represent different structures.

Figure 1

Use Figure 1 to answer parts (a) and (b).

(a) Which diagram represents graphite?

Tick (✓) one box.

A B C D

(1)

(b) Which diagram represents poly(ethene)?

Tick (✓) one box.

Page 21 of 24
 A B C D

(1)

Figure 2 represents the structure of diamond.

Figure 2

(c) How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in diamond?

_______________
(1)

(d) Which is a property of diamond?

Tick (✓) one box.

Conducts electricity

Low melting point

Very hard

(1)

(e) Figure 3 shows a model of a molecule.

Figure 3

Complete the molecular formula of the molecule.

Molecular formula = C__ H__

(1)

Carbonic acid is a compound of carbon.

Page 22 of 24
The formula of carbonic acid is H2CO3

(f) Which ion is produced by carbonic acid in aqueous solution?

Tick (✓) one box.

H+ OH− O2−

(1)

(g) Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Relative atomic masses (Ar): H=1 C = 12 O = 16

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Relative formula mass (Mr) = _______________

(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Page 23 of 24
End of Questions

Page 24 of 24