ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
YEAR
EXAMINATION,2022/2023 ACADEMIC
END OF FIRST SEMESTER
AND VIBRATIONS
COURSE CODE: BME 353 COURSE TITLE: DYNAMICS

CLASS: BTECH MECHANICAL 300 TIME ALLOWED: 2HOURS

section B
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer SECTION A and any other TWO from

SECTIONA: Select all the options that best answer the following questions.
ANSWER THIS SECTION ON THE SCANNABLE SHEET PROVIDED
[1 marks each]
\1. Which one is the correct statement?
a) Every vibratory motion is a periodic motion
b) Every periodic motion is a vibratory motion
c) Both a& b
d) None of the above

2. Which type of vibrations are also known as transient vibrations?

a) Damped vibrations
b) undamped vibrations
c) Torsional vibrations
d) Transverse vibrations

3. Which one of the following is the example of vibration?

a) Swinging of a simple pendulum
b) Resonance effects of bridge
c) Vibration due to earthquake or tremors
d) All of the above

4. Which one of the following is the reason of vibration?

a) Unbalanced centrifugal force in the system
b) Elastic nature of the system
c) External excitation applied on the system
, d) Allof the above

5. In the spring-mass system, if the mass of the system is doubled and spring
stiffness
is halved the natural frequency of longitudinal vibration will..
a) Remains unchanged
b) Doubled
c) Quadrupled
- d) Halved

Page 1 of 8
6. The equation of motion for avibrating system with viscous damping is
c dx
dt2 m dt m
If the roots of this equation are real and distinct, then the system will be..
,a) over damped
b) under damped
c) critically damped
d) none of the above

7. In under damped vibrating system, if a1 and az are the successive values of the
amplitude on the same side of the mean position, then the logarithmicdecrement is
equal to
a. a1/az
b. log (an/a2)
C. loge (a1/a2)
d. log (a1.a2)

8. The ratio of the maximum displacement of the forced vibration to the deflection due
to the staticforce, is known as
a. damping factor
b. damping coefficient
c. logarithmic decrement
d. magnification factor
9. When there is areduction in amplitude over every cycle of vibration, then the body
is said to have...
a. free vibration
b. forced vibration
c. damped vibration
d. none of the above

10. Which of the following represents the solution to the equation of motion ofa system
undergoing free vibration if the rootsof the quadratic equation formed from the second
order homogeneous equation is real and repeated?
a) x = Cei + Czedt
b) x = (C, + Czt)e Ar
c) x =C,e cosut + Czetsinut
d) None of above

Page 2 of 8
11. Which of the following represents the solution to the equation of motion of asystem
undergoing free vibration if the roots of the quadratic equation formed from the second
order homogeneous equation is complex?
a) x =Cett+Cet
b) x= (C + Czt)et
c) x= Ce cosut+ Czesinut
d) None of above

12. Calculate equivalent stiffness of the spring for the system shown below, which has spring
stiffness of 2800 N/m

.a. 2100 N/m

b. 2250 N/m
SGeo
K c. 2400 Nm

d. 2625 N/m

13. An object is suspended fromn the end ofa vertically suspended spring and oscillates with
SHM. At equilibrium, the static deflection of the spring is 0.125 m. What is the frequency
of the oscillation?
1.00 Hz
b. 1.11 Hz
C. 1.29 Hz
d. 1.41 Hz

14. The time interval after which the motion is repeated itself is known as
a. time period
b. cycle
.C. frequency
d. isolation

15. What is the effect on the undamped natural frequency of asingle-degree-of-freedom

system if the mass of the system is decreased?
a. The frequency will increase
b. The frequency will stay the same
C. The frequency will decrease
d. None of these

Page 3 of 8
16. Atthe mean position, the potentialenergy of the system is
zero
b. minimum

d. none of the mentioned

17. Asper Energy Method, the summation of kinetic energy and potential energy must be
which is same at all the times.
a Zero
b. minimum
C. maximum
d. constant

18. In which type of vibrations, the amplitude of vibration remains constant every cycle?
a. Damped vibrations
.b. Undamped vibrations
C. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above

19.A(n) sensor placement is the best choice to detect vibrations caused by

an imbalance.
, a) horizontal
b) axial
c) in-line
d) off-center

20. A(n) sensor placement is the best choice to detect vibrations caused by
misalignment.
a) horizontal
"b) axial
c) in-line
d) off-center

21. The function records an average value of the amplitude.

a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Peak
Jd) Root mean square

22. A Vibration reading is a series of vibration readings taken on a

machine while it is in good runningcondition.
a) Predetermined
b) Frequency range
.c) Baseline
d) Preventive

Page 4 of 8
23. Predictive Maintenance, also referred to as condition monitoring, is the process of
performing..
a. Maintenance
to determine the current condition of the machine.

b. Tests
c. Troubleshooting
d. Teardowns

24. Which among the following is the fundamental equation of S.H.M.?

a. x+ (k/ m)x =0
b. ~+w2x =0
C. x+ (k/ m)² x=0
"d. None of the above

25. WA(n).. sensor placement is the best choice to detect vibrations caused
by bearing damage.
a) horizontal
b) axial
.c) vertical
d) off-center
26. The goal of vibration measurement is to findthe of the vibration and
remove it.
a. Magnitude
b. Source
c. Frequency
d. Velocity

27. The handheld vibration analyzer consist of two basic components: the habdheld
unit and the which detects the vibration.

a. Computer
b. Sensor
C. Multi-meter
d. Audiometer

28.The vibration of a machine can change after amaintenance operation, so

anew baseline reading for the machine should be created following every
maintenance operation.
a. Waveform
b. Amplitude
C. Frequency
d. Signature

Page 5 of 8
 29. The equation of motion of avibrating system is given by 2* + 5*+ 200x = 0. What
is the angular frequency ofthe system?
a. 100 Hz
. 10 Hz
C. 0.01 Hz
d. 2.5 Hz

30. Two springs have spring stiffness of 1500 N/m and 2000 N/m respectively. If they
are connected in series, what is the spring stiffness if they are replaced by an
equivalent system.
a. 3500 N/m
b. 1166 N/m
"C. 857.63 N/m
d. None of the above

SECTION B[30 marks

ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

QUESTION 1[15 marks]

for a mechanical
Figure 1 shows a two degree-of-freedom spring-mass model system it may be set into
that
component consisting of two bodies and three springs connected such
free vertical vibrations. There is no frictional force between the wheels and the floor.
of motion of
a) Starting from the free-body-diagram of the system, derive the equation[10marks]
the system.
amplitudes ofthe
b) Determine the natural frequencies of the system and compare the (5 marks]
movements of m1 and mz for each frequency.
GIVEN:
kN/m, K3 = 30 kN/m. Le ue
mi = 70 kg mz = 140 kg, Ki = 60 kN/m, Kz = 45
instantaneous displacement of m1 and mz be x1 and xz respectively.
 X1

K1 K2
m1 m2

Figure 1

QUESTION 2 [15 marks]

The boom AB of the crane shown in Figure 2 is a uniform steel bar of length 12 m and area
of cross section 2,000 mm². Aweight Wis suspended while the crane is stationary. The cable
CDEBF is made of steel and has a cross-sectional area of 90 mm², Neglecting the effect of the
cable CDEB, taking E, the modulus of elasticity of steel to be 207 x 109 Pa and weight W as
20 ton.

a) find the equivalent spring constant of the system in the vertical direction.
[12 marks]
b) The natural frequency of vibration
[3marks]

1.5 m

l1.5 mA

Figure 2
QUESTION 3[15 marks]

a) Give at least three (3) reasons for measuring vibration. [3marks]

b) An engineer would like to monitor the vibration history of a sensitive equipment in
his set-up but has no idea how to go about it. Explain to her briefly the steps involved
in vibration measurement. [4 marks]

c) Briefly explain with skeches, when and how to perform the following vibration
measurements using handheld vibration meter [8 marks]
i. Axial
i. vertical
iii. Horizontal
iv. Baseline