Job Safety Analysis

W
h
a
t
i
s
a

J
o
b

S
a
f
e
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
s
 i
s
?

A
job
saf
ety
an
aly
sis
(J
SA
) is
a
pr
oc
ed
ur
e
wh
ich
hel
ps
int
eg
rat
e
ac
ce
pte
d
saf
ety
an
d
he
alt
h
pri
nci
ple
s
an
d
pr
act
ice
s
int
oa
pa
rtic
ula
r
tas
k
or
job
op
er
ati
on.
In
a
JS
A,
ea
ch
ba
sic
ste
p
of
the
job
is
to
ide
ntif
y
pot
ent
ial
ha
zar
ds
an
d
to
rec
om
me
nd
the
saf
est
wa
y
to
do
the
job
.
Ot
he
r
ter
ms
us
ed
to
de
scr
ibe
thi
s
pr
oc
ed
ur
e
ar
e
job
ha
zar
d
an
aly
sis
(J
HA
)
an
d
job
ha
zar
d
br
ea
kd
ow
n.

So
me
ind
ivi
du
als
pr
efe
r
to
ex
pa
nd
the
an
aly
sis
int
o
all
as
pe
cts
of
the
job
,
not
jus
t
saf
ety
.
Thi
s
ap
pr
oa
ch
is
kn
ow
n
as
tot
al
job
an
aly
sis
.
Me
tho
dol
y
is
ba
se
d
on
the
ide
a
tha
t
saf
ety
is
an
int
eg
ral
pa
rt
of
ev
ery
job
an
d
not
a
se
pa
rat
e
ent
ity.
In
thi
s
do
cu
me
nt,
onl
y
he
alt
h
an
d
saf
ety
as
pe
cts
will
be
co
nsi
de
re
d.

Th
e
ter
ms
"jo
b"
an
d
"ta
sk"
ar
e
co
m
mo
nly
us
ed
int
erc
ha
ng
ea
bly
to
me
an
a
sp
eci
fic
wo
rk
as
sig
nm
ent
,
su
ch
as
"o
pe
rati
ng
a
gri
nd
er,
"
"us
ing
a
pr
es
sur
ize
d
wa
ter
ext
ing
uis
he
r,"
or
"ch
an
gin
ga
flat
tire
."
JS
As
ar
e
not
sui
tab
le
for
job
s
def
ine
d
too
br
oa
dly
,
for
ex
am
ple
,
"ov
er
ha
uli
ng
an
en
gin
e";
or
too
na
rro
wl
y,
for
ex
am
ple
,
"p
osi
tio
nin
g
car
jac
k."

W
hat
ar
e
the
be
nef
its
of
doi
ng
a
Jo
b
Sa
fet
y
An
aly
sis
?

On
e
of
the
me
tho
ds
us
ed
in
thi
s
ex
am
ple
is
to
ob
ser
ve
a
wo
rke
r
act
ual
ly
pe
rfo
rm
the
job
.
Th
e
ma
jor
ad
va
nta
ge
s
of
thi
s
me
tho
d
inc
lud
e
tha
t it
do
es
not
rel
y
on
ind
ivi
du
al
me
mo
ry
an
d
tha
t
the
pr
oc
es
s
pr
om
pts
rec
og
niti
on
of
ha
zar
ds.
Fo
r
infr
eq
ue
ntl
y
pe
rfo
rm
ed
or
ne
w
job
s,
ob
ser
vat
ion
ma
y
not
be
pr
act
ica
l.

On
e
ap
pr
oa
ch
is
to
ha
ve
a
gr
ou
p
of
ex
pe
rie
nc
ed
wo
rke
rs
an
d
su
pe
rvi
sor
s
co
mp
let
e
the
an
aly
sis
thr
ou
gh
dis
cu
ssi
on.
An
ad
va
nta
ge
of
thi
s
me
tho
d
is
tha
t
mo
re
pe
opl
e
ar
e
inv
olv
ed
in
a
wi
de
r
ba
se
of
ex
pe
rie
nc
e
an
d
pr
om
oti
ng
a
mo
re
re
ad
y
ac
ce
pta
nc
e
of
the
res
ulti
ng
wo
rk
pr
oc
ed
ur
e.
Me
mb
ers
of
the
joi
nt
oc
cu
pat
ion
al
saf
ety
an
d
he
alt
h
co
m
mit
tee
mu
st
pa
rtic
ipa
te
in
thi
s
pr
oc
es
s.

Init
ial
be
nef
its
fro
m
de
vel
opi
ng
a
JS
A
will
be
co
me
cle
ar
in
the
pr
ep
ar
ati
on
sta
ge.
Th
e
an
aly
sis
pr
oc
es
s
ma
y
ide
ntif
y
pr
evi
ou
sly
un
det
ect
ed
ha
zar
ds
an
d
inc
re
as
e
the
job
kn
ow
led
ge
of
tho
se
pa
rtic
ipa
tin
g.
Sa
fet
y
an
d
he
alt
h
aw
ar
en
es
s
is
rai
se
d,
co
m
mu
nic
ati
on
bet
we
en
wo
rke
rs
an
d
su
pe
rvi
sor
s
is
im
pr
ov
ed,
an
d
ac
ce
pta
nc
e
of
saf
e
wo
rk
pr
oc
ed
ur
es
is
pr
om
ote
d.

A
JS
A,
or
bet
ter
stil
l, a
wri
tte
n
wo
rk
pr
oc
ed
ur
e
ba
se
d
on
it,
ca
n
for
m
the
ba
sis
for
re
gul
ar
co
nta
ct
bet
we
en
su
pe
rvi
sor
s
an
d
wo
rke
rs.
It
ca
n
ser
ve
as
a
tea
chi
ng
aid
for
init
ial
job
trai
nin
g
an
d
as
a
bri
efi
ng
gui
de
for
infr
eq
ue
nt
job
s.
It
ma
y
be
us
ed
as
a
sta
nd
ar
d
for
he
alt
h
an
d
saf
ety
ins
pe
cti
on
s
or
ob
ser
vat
ion
s.
In
pa
rtic
ula
r,
a
JS
A
will
as
sis
t in
co
mp
leti
ng
co
mp
re
he
nsi
ve
ac
cid
ent
inv
est
iga
tio
ns.

W
hat
ar
e
 the
fou
r
ba
sic
ste
ps
?

Fo
ur
ba
sic
sta
ge
s
in
co
nd
uct
ing
a
JS
A
ar
e:


e
c
t
i
n
g

t
 h
e

j
o
b

t
o

b
e

a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d


a
k
i
n
g

t
h
e

j
o
 b

d
o
w
n

i
n
t
o

s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e

o
f
s
t
e
p
s


n
t
i
 f
y
i
n
g

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
h
a
z
a
r
d
s


e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s

t
o

o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e

t
h
e
s
e
 h
a
z
a
r
d
s

W
hat
is
im
po
rta
nt
to
kn
ow
wh
en
"se
lec
tin
g
the
job
"?

Ide
all
y,
all
job
s
sh
oul
d
be
su
bje
cte
d
to
a
JS
A.
In
so
me
ca
se
s
the
re
ar
e
pr
act
ica
l
co
nst
rai
nts
po
se
d
by
the
am
ou
nt
of
tim
e
an
d
eff
ort
re
qui
re
d
to
do
a
JS
A.
An
oth
er
co
nsi
de
rati
on
is
tha
t
ea
ch
JS
A
will
re
qui
re
rev
isi
on
wh
en
ev
er
eq
uip
me
nt,
ra
w
ma
teri
als
,
pr
oc
es
se
s,
or
the
en
vir
on
me
nt
ch
an
ge.
Fo
r
the
se
re
as
on
s,
it
is
us
ual
ly
ne
ce
ss
ary
to
ide
ntif
y
wh
ich
job
s
ar
e
to
be
an
aly
ze
d.
Ev
en
if
an
aly
sis
of
all
job
s
is
pla
nn
ed,
thi
s
ste
p
en
sur
es
tha
t
the
mo
st
crit
ica
l
job
s
ar
e
ex
am
ine
d
 firs
t.

Fa
cto
rs
to
be
co
nsi
de
re
d
in
set
tin
ga
pri
orit
y
for
an
aly
sis
of
job
s
inc
lud
e:


c
i
d
e
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

a
n
d

s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
:
j
o
b
s

w
h
e
r
e

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s

o
c
c
u
r
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y

o
r
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
y

o
c
c
u
r
i
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y

b
u
t
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
 d
i
s
a
b
l
i
n
g

i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
.

e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
s
e
v
e
r
e

i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s

o
r
i
l
l
n
e
s
s
e
s
:
t
h
e

c
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s

o
f
a
n

a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
,
h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
o
r
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

t
o

h
a
r
m
f
u
l
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
 a
r
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
l
y

s
e
v
e
r
e
.

w
l
y

e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d

j
o
b
s
:
d
u
e

t
o

l
a
c
k

o
f
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
i
n

t
h
e
s
e

j
o
b
s
,
h
a
z
a
r
d
s

m
a
y

n
o
t
b
e

e
v
i
 d
e
n
t
o
r
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d
.

d
i
f
i
e
d

j
o
b
s
:
n
e
w
h
a
z
a
r
d
s

m
a
y

b
e

a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d

w
i
t
h

c
h
a
n
 g
e
s

i
n

j
o
b

p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
.

e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y

p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d

j
o
b
s
:
w
o
r
k
e
r
s

m
a
y

b
e

a
t
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
r
i
s
k

w
h
e
n

u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
i
n
g

n
o
n
-
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
j
o
b
s
,
a
n
d

J
S
A

p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s

m
e
a
n
s

o
f
r
 e
v
i
e
w
i
n
g

h
a
z
a
r
d
s
.

Ho
w
do
I
br
ea
k
the
job
int
o
"b
asi
c
ste
ps"
?
Aft
er
a
job
ha
s
be
en
ch
os
en
for
an
aly
sis
,
the
ne
xt
sta
ge
is
to
br
ea
k
the
job
int
o
ste
ps.
A
job
ste
p
is
def
ine
d
as
a
se
gm
ent
of
the
op
er
ati
on
ne
ce
ss
ary
to
ad
va
nc
e
the
wo
rk.
Se
e
ex
am
ple
s
bel
ow
.

Ca
re
mu
st
be
tak
en
not
to
ma
ke
the
ste
ps
too
ge
ne
ral.
Mi
ssi
ng
sp
eci
fic
ste
ps
an
d
the
ir
as
so
cia
ted
ha
zar
ds
will
not
hel
p.
On
the
oth
er
ha
nd,
if
the
y
ar
e
too
det
ail
ed,
the
re
will
be
too
ma
ny
ste
ps.
A
rul
e
of
thu
mb
is
tha
t
mo
st
job
s
ca
n
be
de
scr
ibe
d
in
les
s
tha
n
ten
ste
ps.
If
mo
re
ste
ps
ar
e
re
qui
re
d,
yo
u
mi
ght
wa
nt
to
div
ide
the
job
int
o
tw
o
se
gm
ent
s,
ea
ch
wit
h
its
se
pa
rat
e
JS
A,
or
co
mb
ine
ste
ps
wh
er
e
ap
pr
op
riat
e.
As
an
ex
am
ple
,
the
job
of
ch
an
gin
ga
flat
tire
will
be
us
ed
in
thi
s
do
cu
me
nt.

An
im
po
rta
nt
poi
nt
to
re
me
mb
er
is
to
ke
ep
the
ste
ps
in
the
ir
cor
rec
t
se
qu
en
ce.
An
y
ste
p
wh
ich
is
out
of
or
de
r
ma
y
mi
ss
ser
iou
s
pot
ent
ial
ha
zar
ds
or
intr
od
uc
e
ha
zar
ds
wh
ich
do
not
act
ual
ly
exi
st.

Ea
ch
st
ep
is
re
co
rd
ed
in
se
q
ue
nc
e.
M
ak
e
no
te
s
ab
ou
t
w
ha
t
is
do
ne
ra
th
er
th
an
ho
w
it
is
do
ne
.
Ea
ch
it
e
m
is
st
ar
te
d
wi
th
an
ac
ti
on
ve
rb
.
A
pp
en
di
x
A
ill
us
tr
at
es
a
fo
r
m
at
w
hi
ch
ca
n
be
us
ed
as
a
w
or
ks
he
et
in
pr
ep
ar
in
g
a
JS
A.
Jo
b
st
ep
s
ar
e
re
co
rd
ed
in
th
e
lef
t
ha
n
d
co
lu
m
n,
as
sh
o
w
n
be
lo
w
:

Thi
s
pa
rt
of
the
an
aly
sis
is
us
ual
ly
pr
ep
ar
ed
by
kn
ow
ing
or
wa
tch
ing
a
wo
rke
r
do
the
job
.
Th
e
ob
ser
ver
is
no
rm
all
y
the
im
me
dia
te
su
pe
rvi
sor
.
Fo
ra
mo
re
tho
ro
ug
h
an
aly
sis
oft
en
ha
pp
en
s
by
ha
vin
g
an
oth
er
pe
rso
n,
pr
efe
ra
bly
a
me
mb
er
of
the
joi
nt
oc
cu
pat
ion
al
he
alt
h
an
d
saf
ety
co
m
mit
tee
,
pa
rtic
ipa
te
in
the
ob
ser
vat
ion
.
Ke
y
poi
nts
ar
e
les
s
lik
ely
to
be
mi
ss
ed
in
thi
s
wa
y.

Th
e
job
ob
ser
ver
sh
oul
d
ha
ve
ex
pe
rie
nc
ed
an
d
be
ca
pa
ble
in
all
pa
rts
of
the
job
.
To
str
en
gth
en
full
co-
op
er
ati
on
an
d
pa
rtic
ipa
tio
n,
the
re
as
on
for
the
ex
erc
ise
mu
st
be
cle
arl
y
ex
pla
ine
d.
Th
e
JS
A
is
nei
the
ra
tim
e
an
d
mo
tio
n
stu
dy
in
dis
gui
se,
no
r
an
att
em
pt
to
un
co
ver
ind
ivi
du
al
un
saf
e
act
s.
Th
e
job
,
not
the
ind
ivi
du
al,
is
bei
ng
stu
die
d
in
an
eff
ort
to
ma
ke
it
saf
er
by
ide
ntif
yin
g
ha
zar
ds
an
d
ma
kin
g
mo
difi
cat
ion
s
to
eli
mi
nat
e
or
re
du
ce
the
m.
Th
e
wo
rke
r's
ex
pe
rie
nc
e
co
ntri
but
es
in
ma
kin
g
job
an
d
saf
ety
im
pr
ov
em
ent
s.

Th
e
job
sh
oul
d
be
ob
ser
ve
d
du
rin
g
no
rm
al
tim
es
an
d
sit
uat
ion
s.
Fo
r
ex
am
ple
, if
a
job
is
ro
uti
nel
y
do
ne
onl
y
at
nig
ht,
the
JS
A
rev
ie
w
sh
oul
d
als
o
be
do
ne
at
nig
ht.
Si
mil
arl
y,
onl
y
re
gul
ar
too
ls
an
d
eq
uip
me
nt
sh
oul
d
be
us
ed.
Th
e
onl
y
diff
er
en
ce
fro
m
no
rm
al
op
er
ati
on
s
is
the
fac
t
tha
t
the
wo
rke
r is
bei
ng
ob
ser
ve
d.

W
he
n
co
mp
let
ed,
the
br
ea
kd
ow
n
of
ste
ps
sh
oul
d
be
dis
cu
ss
ed
by
all
the
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
(al
wa
ys
inc
lud
ing
the
wo
rke
r)
to
ma
ke
tha
t
all
ba
sic
ste
ps
ha
ve
be
en
not
ed
an
d
ar
e
in
the
cor
rec
t
or
de
r.

Ho
w
do
I
"id
ent
ify
pot
ent
ial
ha
zar
ds"
?

On
ce
the
ba
sic
ste
ps
ha
ve
be
en
rec
or
de
d,
pot
ent
ial
ha
zar
ds
mu
st
be
ide
ntif
ied
at
ea
ch
ste
p.
Ba
se
d
on
ob
ser
vat
ion
s
of
the
job
,
kn
ow
led
ge
of
ac
cid
ent
an
d
inj
ury
ca
us
es,
an
d
pe
rso
nal
ex
pe
rie
nc
e,
list
the
thi
ng
s
tha
t
co
uld
go
wr
on
g
at
ea
ch
ste
p.

A
se
co
nd
ob
ser
vat
ion
of
the
job
bei
ng
pe
rfo
rm
ed
ma
y
be
ne
ed
ed.
Si
nc
e
the
ba
sic
ste
ps
ha
ve
alr
ea
dy
be
en
rec
or
de
d,
mo
re
att
ent
ion
ca
n
no
w
be
foc
us
ed
on
ea
ch
pot
ent
ial
ha
zar
ds.
At
thi
s
sta
ge,
no
att
em
pt
is
ma
de
to
sol
ve
an
y
pr
obl
em
s
wh
ich
ma
y
ha
ve
be
en
det
ect
ed.

To
hel
p
ide
ntif
y
pot
ent
ial
ha
zar
 ds,
the
job
an
aly
st
ma
y
us
e
qu
est
ion
s
su
ch
as
the
se
(t
his
is
not
a
co
mp
let
e
list
):


n

a
n
y

b
o
d
y

p
a
r
t
g
e
t
c
a
u
g
h
t
i
n

o
r
b
e
t
w
e
e
n

o
 b
j
e
c
t
s
?


t
o
o
l
s
,
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
,
o
r
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
 p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
n
y

h
a
z
a
r
d
s
?


n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
e
r
m
a
k
e

h
a
r
m
f
u
l
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
w
i
t
h

m
o
v
i
n
g

o
b
j
e
c
t
 s
?


n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
l
i
p
,
t
r
i
p
,
o
r
f
a
l
l
?


n

t
h
e

w
o
r
k
e
r
s
u
f
f
e
r
s
t
r
a
i
n

f
r
o
m

l
i
f
t
i
 n
g
,
p
u
s
h
i
n
g
,
o
r
p
u
l
l
i
n
g
?


t
h
e

w
o
r
k
e
r
e
x
 p
o
s
e
d

t
o

e
x
t
r
e
m
e

h
e
a
t
o
r
c
o
l
d
?


e
x
c
e
s
 s
i
v
e

n
o
i
s
e

o
r
v
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
b
l
e
m
?


t
h
e
r
e

d
a
n
g
e
r
f
r
o
m

f
a
l
l
i
n
g

o
b
j
e
c
t
s
?

l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g

p
r
o
b
l
e
m
?


n

w
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
 d
i
t
i
o
n
s

a
f
f
e
c
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
?


h
a
r
m
f
u
l
r
a
d
i
a
 t
i
o
n

p
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
?


n

c
o
n
t
a
c
t
b
e

m
a
d
e

w
i
t
h

h
o
t
,
t
o
x
i
c
,
o
r
c
a
u
s
t
i
c

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
 c
e
s
?


t
h
e
r
e

d
u
s
t
s
,
f
u
m
e
s
,
m
i
s
t
s
,
o
r
v
a
p
 o
u
r
s

i
n

t
h
e

a
i
r
?

Po
te
nt
ial
ha
za
rd
s
ar
e
lis
te
d
in
th
e
mi
dd
le
co
lu
m
n
of
th
e
w
or
ks
he
et
,
n
u
m
be
re
d
to
m
at
ch
th
e
co
rr
es
po
n
di
n
g
jo
b
st
ep
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
pl
e:

Ag
ain
,
all
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
sh
oul
d
joi
ntl
y
rev
ie
w
thi
s
pa
rt
of
the
an
aly
sis
.

Ho
w
do
I
"d
ete
rmi
ne
pr
ev
ent
ive
me
as
ur
es
?"

Th
e
fin
al
sta
ge
in
a
JS
A
is
to
det
er
mi
ne
wa
ys
to
eli
mi
nat
e
or
co
ntr
ol
the
ha
zar
ds
ide
ntif
ied
.
Th
e
ge
ne
rall
y
ac
ce
pte
d
me
as
ur
es,
in
or
de
r
of
pr
efe
re
nc
e,
ar
e:

1.
Eli
mi
nat
e
the
ha
zar
d:
us
ea
ma
chi
ne
gu
ar
d

Thi
s
is
the
mo
st
eff
ect
ive
me
as
ur
e.
Th
es
 e
tec
hni
qu
es
sh
oul
d
be
us
ed
to
eli
mi
nat
e
the
ha
zar
ds:


o
o
s
e

d
i
f
f
e
r
 e
n
t
p
r
o
c
e
s
s


d
i
f
y

a
n

e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

p
r
o
c
e
s
 s


b
s
t
i
t
u
t
e

w
i
t
h

l
e
s
s

h
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s

s
u
b
 s
t
a
n
c
e


p
r
o
v
e

e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
 o
n
)

d
i
f
y

o
r
c
h
a
n
g
e

e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
o
r
t
o
o
l
s
2.
Co
nta
in
the
ha
zar
d

If
the
ha
zar
d
ca
nn
ot
be
eli
mi
nat
ed,
co
nta
ct
mi
ght
be
pr
ev
ent
ed
by
usi
ng
en
clo
sur
es,
ma
chi
ne
gu
ar
ds,
wo
rke
r
bo
oth
s
or
si
mil
ar
de
vic
es.

3.
Re
vis
e
wo
rk
pr
oc
ed
ur
es

Co
nsi
de
rati
on
mi
ght
be
giv
en
to
mo
dif
yin
g
ste
ps
wh
ich
ar
e
ha
zar
do
us,
ch
an
gin
g
the
se
qu
en
ce
of
ste
ps,
or
ad
din
g
ad
diti
on
al
ste
ps
(su
ch
as
loc
kin
g
out
en
er
gy
so
urc
es)
.

4.
Re
du
ce
the
ex
po
sur
e

Th
es
e
me
as
ur
es
ar
e
the
lea
st
eff
ect
ive
an
d
sh
oul
d
onl
y
be
us
ed
if
no
oth
er
sol
uti
on
s
ar
e
po
ssi
ble
.
On
e
wa
y
of
mi
ni
mi
zin
g
ex
po
sur
e
is
to
re
du
ce
the
nu
mb
er
of
tim
es
the
ha
zar
d
is
en
co
unt
er
ed.
An
ex
am
ple
wo
uld
be
mo
dif
yin
g
ma
chi
ne
ry
so
tha
t
les
s
ma
int
en
an
ce
is
ne
ce
ss
ary
.
Th
e
us
e
of
ap
pr
op
riat
e
pe
rso
nal
pr
ote
cti
ve
eq
uip
me
nt
ma
y
be
re
qui
re
d.
To
re
du
ce
the
se
ver
ity
of
an
ac
cid
ent
,
em
er
ge
nc
y
fac
iliti
es,
su
ch
as
ey
ew
as
h
sta
tio
ns,
ma
y
ne
ed
to
be
pr
ovi
de
d.

In
lis
ti
n
g
th
e
pr
ev
en
ti
ve
m
ea
su
re
s,
do
no
t
us
e
ge
ne
ra
l
st
at
e
m
en
ts
su
ch
as
"b
e
ca
re
fu
l"
or
"u
se
ca
ut
io
n"
.
S
pe
cif
ic
st
at
e
m
en
ts
w
hi
ch
de
sc
ri
be
bo
th
w
ha
t
ac
ti
on
is
to
be
ta
ke
n
an
d
ho
w
it
is
to
be
pe
rf
or
m
ed
ar
e
pr
ef
er
ab
le.
Th
e
re
co
m
m
en
de
d
m
ea
su
re
s
ar
e
lis
te
d
in
th
e
ri
g
ht
ha
n
d
co
lu
m
n
of
th
e
w
or
ks
he
et
,
n
u
m
be
re
d
to
m
at
ch
th
e
ha
za
rd
in
q
ue
sti
on
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
pl
e:

Ho
w
sh
oul
dI
ma
ke
the
inf
or
ma
tio
n
av
ail
abl
e
to
ev
ery
on
e
els
e?
JS
A
is
a
us
efu
l
tec
hni
qu
e
for
ide
ntif
yin
g
ha
zar
ds
so
tha
t
wo
rke
rs
ca
n
tak
e
me
as
ur
es
to
eli
mi
nat
e
or
co
ntr
ol
ha
zar
ds.
On
ce
the
an
aly
sis
is
co
mp
let
ed,
the
res
ult
s
mu
st
be
co
m
mu
nic
ate
d
to
all
wo
rke
rs
wh
o
ar
e,
or
will
be,
pe
rfo
rmi
ng
tha
t
job
.
Th
e
sid
e-
by-
sid
e
for
ma
t
us
ed
in
JS
A
wo
rks
he
ets
is
not
an
ide
al
on
e
for
ins
tru
cti
on
al
pu
rp
os
es.
Be
tte
r
res
ult
s
ca
n
be
ac
hie
ve
d
by
usi
ng
a
na
rra
tiv
e-
sty
le
co
m
mu
nc
ati
on
for
ma
t.
Fo
r
ex
am
ple
,
the
wo
rk
pr
oc
ed
ur
e
ba
se
d
on
the
pa
rtia
l
JS
A
de
vel
op
ed
as
an
ex
am
ple
in
thi
s
do
cu
me
nt
mi
ght
sta
rt
out
lik
e
thi
s:

1.
Pa
rk
ve
hic
le.

a)
Dri
ve
ve
hic
le
off
the
ro
ad
to
an
ar
ea
we
ll
cle
ar
of
tra
ffic
,
ev
en
if it
re
qui
res
roll
ing
on
a
flat
tire
.
Tu
rn
on
the
em
er
ge
nc
y
fla
sh
ers
to
ale
rt
pa
ssi
ng
dri
ver
s
so
tha
t
the
y
will
not
hit
yo
u.

b)
Ch
oo
se
a
fir
m
an
d
lev
el
ar
ea
for
pa
rki
ng.
Yo
u
ca
n
jac
k
up
the
ve
hic
le
to
pr
ev
ent
roll
ing
.

c)
Ap
ply
the
pa
rki
ng
br
ak
e,
lea
ve
the
tra
ns
mi
ssi
on
in
PA
RK
,
pla
ce
blo
ck
s
in
fro
nt
an
d
ba
ck
of
the
wh
eel
dia
go
nal
ly
op
po
sit
e
the
flat
.
Th
es
e
act
ion
s
will
als
o
hel
p
pr
ev
ent
the
ve
hic
le
fro
m
roll
ing
.

2.
Re
mo
ve
sp
ar
e
an
d
too
l
kit.

a)
To
av
oid
ba
ck
str
ain
,
tur
n
the
sp
ar
e
up
int
o
an
up
rig
ht
po
siti
on
in
its
we
ll.
St
an
d
as
clo
se
to
the
tru
nk
as
po
ssi
ble
an
d
sli
de
the
sp
ar
e
clo
se
to
yo
ur
bo
dy.
Lift
out
an
d
roll
to
flat
tire
.

3.
Pr
y
off
hu
b
ca
p,
loo
se
n
lug
bol
ts
(n
uts
).
a)
Pr
y
off
hu
b
ca
p
slo
wl
y
wit
h
ste
ad
y
pr
es
sur
e
to
pr
ev
ent
it
fro
m
po
ppi
ng
off
an
d
stri
kin
g
yo
u.

b)
Us
ing
the
pr
op
er
lug
wr
en
ch,
ap
ply
ste
ad
y
pr
es
sur
e
slo
wl
y
to
loo
se
n
the
lug
bol
ts
(n
uts
)
so
tha
t
the
wr
en
ch
will
not
sli
p,
get
los
t
or
an
d
hu
rt
yo
ur
kn
uc
kle
s.

4.
An
d
so
on.
Ap
pe
ndi
x
A:
Sa
mp
le
for
m
for
Jo
b
Sa
fet
y
An
aly
sis
W
ork
sh
eet

J
o
b
S
a
f
e
t
y
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
W
o
r
k
s
h
e
e
t

J
o
b
:
Ap
pe
ndi
x
B:
Sa
mp
le
for
ms
for
Ta
sk
s
an
d
Jo
b
Inv
ent
ory

T
a
s
k
s
w
it
h
P
o
t
e
n
ti
a
l
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
H
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
M
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s
o
r
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
A
g
e
n
t
s

J
o
b
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
o
f
H
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
s