NextECMUpload 34264224 20201209145212

Filter Capacitor Bank Protection
Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................2
2. Basic understanding of HV Filter Banks...................................................................................2

2.1. Rated Data .........................................................................................................................2
2.2. Type of filter and associated primary components ............................................................. 2
2.3. Practical construction details of main components.............................................................3
2.4. Filter response for different frequencies ............................................................................. 4
2.5. Location of Instrument Transformers ..................................................................................5
3. Examples of Protection Schemes .............................................................................................7

3.1. 400kV Filter Bank ............................................................................................................... 7
3.1.1. List of functions used for the protection scheme of Filter Banks ........................ 8
3.2. 225kV Filter Bank ............................................................................................................. 10
3.3. 63kV Filter Bank ............................................................................................................... 11
4. Protection Scheme Settings and Field Recordings ..............................................................12

4.1. Energizing of 225kV Filter Bank ....................................................................................... 12
4.2. Steady-State Currents for 225kV Filter Bank ...................................................................13
5. Listing of related documents ...................................................................................................14
6. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14
7. Revisions ...................................................................................................................................14
PREPARED STATUS SECURITY LEVEL

2020-11-27 Zoran Gajic Approved Internal
APPROVED DOCUMENT KIND
2020-11-27 Hans Pettersson Application note
OWNING ORGANIZATION DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE
2877 GA Products 1MRG501149 B en 1/14
© Hitachi ABB Power Grids. 2020. All rights reserved.
HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

FI LT ER C APAC ITO R B AN K P RO T EC T IO N
1. Introduction
High voltage filter capacitor bank becomes more and more common in modern power system. They
are used to filter out certain higher order harmonics from the network.
In order to protect such filter banks properly protection engineers need to understand how different
harmonics flows through different filter branches. It is of outmost importance that correct filtering is
used within the selected protection functions in order to appropriately protect the filter bank.
2. Basic understanding of HV Filter Banks

The short summary information about HV filter banks is given in this section.
2.1. Rated Data

HV filters typically have the following main data specified for them:
1. Rated Voltage Ur (e.g. Ur=225kV for Example given in Figure 5).

2. Rated frequency fr (e.g. 50Hz or 60Hz depending on country where it is installed).
3. Rated MVAr rating Qr (e.g.Qr=80MVAr for Example given in Figure 5 at rated frequency).
4. Tuning harmonic order (e.g. 5th harmonic) and corresponding tuning frequency ft (e.g.
245Hz for a 50Hz system). Pay attention that tuning frequency is very seldom exact multi-
ple of the fundamental frequency (e.g. tuning frequency is 245Hz but the exact 5th har-
monic frequency is 250Hz).
5. Note that due to manufacturing tolerances for capacitor cans, inductors and resistors ac-
tual tuning frequency of the filter can vary slightly. Therefore, sometimes even the allowed
tolerances for tuning frequency can be specified (e.g. 238 Hz <ft < 252 Hz).
From Qr and Ur values the rated filter current and the rated filter capacitive reactance at rated fre-
quency can be calculated as shown below for above given values:
Ir=Qr/sqrt(3)/Ur=205A and Xr= -Ur*Ur/Qr= -632,8Ω (i.e. capacitive)
2.2. Type of filter and associated primary components

Often a star connected, C-type filter is used for HV installations. A simplified connection diagram for
C-type filter is given in Figure 1. It has the following basic building components:
 C1 = Main capacitor bank

 C2 = Tuning capacitor bank
 L = Filter reactor
 R = Filter resistor
Sometimes a surge arrestor (i.e. overvoltage protection) might be required across resistor R.
The filter neutral point can be either grounded or non-grounded depending on the end user prefer-
ence.
The primary currents flowing through individual filter branches are also shown in Figure 1, where:
 IC1 = Primary current through capacitor C1

 IL = Primary current through inductor L and capacitor C2
 IR = Primary current through resistor R
STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

Approved Internal 1MRG501149 B en 2/14
Note that any CT and VT locations are intentionally not shown in Figure 1.
3-Ph HV Busbar
CB
IC1 C1
C2
IL IR R
L
Figure 1: Simplified Connection Diagram of a C-filter and its individual primary components
2.3. Practical construction details of main components

The capacitance C1 is by far physically the largest component. It is built as serial/parallel connec-
tions of many individual Capacitor Units (i.e. Cans). These units can utilize different fusing tech-
nique as preferred by the end user or by filter supplier. It is typically built as an H-connection (i.e.
bridge), because then quite effective unbalance protection can be applied. However, for lower volt-
age levels other connection types may be used (e.g. double star) as shown in Figure 6.
The capacitance C2 is physically much smaller. It is typically built by using just several Capacitor
Units. Therefore, it is often quite difficult to provide dedicated unbalance protection for it.
The inductor L is almost always built as a single air-core reactor. Depending on the reactor current
level one shall be careful with possible strong magnetic fields in its surroundings. Strong magnetic
fields might have influence on CTs or VTs installed in close vicinity of the reactor.
The resistor R is typically physically built either as two parallel resistors or even as four H-con-
nected resistors (i.e. bridge). That is done in order to provide unbalance protection for the resistor.

2.4. Filter response for different frequencies

If values for C1, C2, L and R are known, then the filter overall equivalent impedance for different
frequencies can be determined by using the following equation:
1
𝑍𝐸𝑞 = 𝑍𝐶1 +
1 1
+
𝑍𝐶2 + 𝑍𝐿 𝑅
How equivalent impedance changes, for filter given in Figure 5, is shown in Figure 2.
Equivalent Impedance
3
210
Impedance [Ohms]
3
110
0
|Z|
3
 110 R
X
3
 210
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency [Hz]
Figure 2: Overall impedance for filter shown in Figure 5
As shown in Figure 2 such C-type filters are typically capacitive (i.e. X < 0) for frequencies below
the tuning frequency and slightly inductive (i.e. X > 0) for frequencies above the tuning frequency.
Another important property of this filter is that typically reactor L and capacitor C2 have a reso-
nance at rated frequency. In mathematical terms that means:
1
2 ∗  ∗ 𝑓𝑟 ∗ 𝐿 =
2 ∗  ∗ 𝑓𝑟 ∗ 𝐶2
When such special selection of L and C2 values is done this causes the following effects which are
important to understand for the protection engineer:
1. Voltage drop across resistor R and serial connection of L and C2 is zero volts at rated fre-
quency.
2. The whole busbar voltage at rated frequency is just applied across C1 capacitor.
3. At rated frequency filter bank behaves as pure shunt capacitor without any resistance (i.e.
no losses) and its equivalent capacitance per phase is equal to C1.
4. Current component having rated frequency do not flow through the resistor R.
5. Only harmonic current components flow through the resistor R.
Due to this it might also be beneficial to determine how the fundamental frequency current and dif-
ferent harmonic currents will split between the two parallel branches. With relatively simple mathe-
matics it is possible to calculate the current split between these two parallel branches. This can be
mathematically expressed as current magnitude ratio |IL| / |IR|. How this current ratio looks like, for
filter given in Figure 5, is shown in Figure 3.

Current Split IL/IR

3
110
Magnitude Ratio
100
10
0.1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Frequency [Hz]
Figure 3: Current split between IL and IR for filter shown in Figure 5
In conclusion, the following current and voltages will be applied to the individual filter components:
 Complete fundamental frequency current and all higher harmonic frequency current compo-
nents will flow through capacitor C1. Full fundamental frequency voltage will be posed
across capacitor C1 as well as some part of harmonic voltages.
 Complete fundamental frequency current and some parts of higher harmonic frequency cur-
rent components will flow through capacitor C2 and reactor L. Some harmonic voltages and
relatively small fundamental frequency voltage will be posed across capacitor C2 and across
reactor L.
 Only some parts of higher harmonic frequency current components will flow through resistor
R. The higher the harmonic order the bigger the part of its current will flow through the resis-
tor. No fundamental frequency current will flow through the resistor R. Consequently, only
harmonic voltages will be posed across resistor R.
The above statements are very important to understand in order to properly protect the filter bank.
2.5. Location of Instrument Transformers

In order to have a proper protection scheme several instrument transformers (mainly CTs) shall be
properly allocated within the filter bank branches. Appropriate ratings and ratios shall be selected in
order to have optimal sensitivity of various protection functions. Some typical setups are given in
the following three figures.
Some specific issues are:
Due to high short-circuit current level at the HV bus, the main HV CT (i.e. CT1 in Figure 4) might
have a primary rated current which is much higher than the filter bank rated current. Such arrange-
ment might cause loss of measurement accuracy for some protection functions (e.g. harmonic
overload protection for capacitor C1). In installations where the star point CT is also available (i.e.
CTE in Figure 4) the rated primary current of that CT shall be as close as possible to the Filter Bank
rated current. This will enable sensitive functions to use that star point CT instead of CT1. Note that
a difference in CT ratio will not cause any problem for the stability of the filter bank differential pro-
tection, because the through fault current for external faults is quite limited (i.e. often less than the
rated current). In general, it is advisable to have current of at least 50% of the CT rating during nor-
mal operating conditions of the filter bank when harmonic overload protection function is used.

Due to sensitivity issues, unbalance CTs (i.e. CTA and CTB in Figure 4) might have very low rated
primary current. However, during a series fault within the protected capacitor this unbalance current
can be tens or even hundred times of its rating. Consequently, such CTs might require varistors or
spark gaps on their secondary side. That this will also effectively disable the operation of the unbal-
ance protection under such heavy current conditions. Note also that the filter bank differential pro-
tection will not respond for such series faults either. Accordingly, it is recommended to include Cas-
cading Failure Protection function for large filter banks.
Ratings of CT associated with the resistor R (i.e CTC1 and CTC2 in Figure 4) shall be selected
based on expected harmonic currents levels and the used resistor ratings.

3. Examples of Protection Schemes

In this section several example of Filter Bank protection schemes will be given.
3.1. 400kV Filter Bank

Proposed protection scheme using RET670 is given in Figure 4.
51 3I>
CT1 #01
OC4 PTOC
51N IN>
CT1 #02
EF4 PTOC
46 I2>
CT1 #03
NS4 PTOC
CT1 87O 3Id/I

#04
CTE T2W PDIF
VT1 51 V I> / U<

#05
CTE SCCFPVOC
51C 3I>
CTE #06
CBP GAPC
51C 3I>
CTD #07
CBP GAPC
CTE 60N dI>C

#08
CTA SCUCPTOC
CTD 60N dI>C

#09
CTB SCUCPTOC
CTC1 51 3I>
CTC2 + OC4 PTOC
#10
CTC1 51 3I>
CTC2 - #11
OC4 PTOC
26 Therma l
CTC1 #12
LCPTTR
26 Therma l
CTD #13
LCPTTR
ITHD
CTE #14
CHMMHAI
CTC1 ITHD
CTC2 + #15
CHMMHAI
ITHD
CTD #16
CHMMHAI
59 3U>
VT1 #17
OV2 PTOV
27 3U<
VT1 #18
UV2 PTUV
VT1 Meter.
#19
CTE CV MMXU
RET670 2.2.4 LEGEND:

9I+3U ANSI IEC
12I+0U IEC 61850
Figure 4: Example of a protection scheme for 100MVAr, 400kV, 145Hz Filter Bank
For list of used protection functions in the above figure, refer to section 3.1.1.

3.1.1. List of functions used for the protection scheme of Filter Banks
 #01, OC4 PTOC: Filter bank Overcurrent protection (set DFT measurement; 4 stages).
 #02, EF4 PTOC: Filter bank Earth-fault protection (uses DFT measurement; 4 stages).
 #03, NS4 PTOC: Filter bank Negative-sequence over-current protection (uses DFT meas-
urement; 4 stages). It can be redundant with function #02 depending on system grounding
and filter bank star point grounding. Coordinate their settings.
 #04, T2W PDIF: Filter bank differential protection (uses DFT measurement; 2 stages).
 #05, SCCF PVOC: Cascading failure protection for C1 capacitor (uses DFT measurement;
2 stages). Set “NegSeq” (i.e. negative sequence) for measured quantity.
 #06, CBP GAPC: Harmonic overload protection for C1 capacitor (integrates measured cur-
rents and then uses Peak Voltage measurement for its operation). It also has available Re-
connection inhibit feature which is typically required and also an over-current protection
stage based on peak current measurement.
 #07, CBP GAPC: Harmonic overload protection for C2 capacitor (integrates measured cur-
rents and then uses Peak Voltage measurement for its operation).
 #08, SCUC PTOC: Unbalance protection for C1 capacitor (uses DFT measurement; 3
stages i.e. trip, alarm and warning). Feature for compensation of natural unbalances is in-
cluded.
 #09, SCUC PTOC: Unbalance protection for C2 capacitor (uses DFT measurement; 3
stages i.e. trip, alarm and warning). Feature for compensation of natural unbalances is in-
cluded. Note that in practice it may be difficult to set this protection because C2 capacitor
is typically relatively small.
 #10, OC4 PTOC: Unbalance protection for reactor L and/or capacitor C2 (set DFT meas-
urement; 4 stages). It is based on fact that fundamental frequency component shall not
flow through the resistor R. If that happens either C2 or L has deviated from its original de-
signed values.
 #11, OC4 PTOC: Unbalance protection for resistor R (set RMS measurement mode; 4
stages). Note that true RMS measurement mode must be used because the fundamental
frequency component does not flow through the resistor R.
 #12, LC PTTR: Thermal overload protection for resistor R (uses RMS measurement
mode). Has possibility for outdoor temperature measurement and compensation.
 #13, LC PTTR: Thermal overload protection for reactor L (uses RMS measurement mode).
Has possibility for outdoor temperature measurement and compensation.
 #14, CHMMHAI: Current harmonics monitoring (from fundamental up to and including the
5th harmonic) for capacitor C1. It uses approximately one second long data window to filter
out all measurands. It shall be used to report these values to SCADA. It also calculates
THD value per phase which may be used for Filter Bank monitoring/protection.
5th harmonic) for resistor R. It uses approximately one second long data window to filter out
all measurands. It also calculates THD value per phase but they are not really relevant for
resistor branch.
5th harmonic) for capacitor C2 and reactor L. It uses approximately one second long data
window to filter out all measurands. It also calculates THD value per phase. It can be even

used as simple overload protection for reactor L because it is possible to set warning limit
and alarm time delay for each harmonic component separately.
 #17, OV2 PTOV: Overvoltage protection (2 stages), Optional function. Can be used for fil-
ter bank automatic On/Off control logic if VT1 is located at the busbars.
 #18, UV2 PTUV: Undervoltage protection (2 stages). Optional function. Can be used for
filter bank automatic On/Off control logic if VT1 is located at the busbars.
 #19, CV MMXU: Measurement function for the filter bank (Q, U, I, f based on fundamental
frequency voltage and current components).
In addition to these protection and monitoring functions the 670 IED can also include the following:
As basic features (i.e. always available):
1. Disturbance recording for all connected CT and VT inputs (up to 10s long one record).
2. Disturbance recording for up to 10 internally calculated analogue quantities

(e.g. differential currents, compensated unbalance currents, etc.).
3. Disturbance recording for up to 356 binary signals (configurable).
4. Even List. It logs status changes of the above binary signals (FIFO, 5000 events long).
5. Reporting of measured values to substation control system and/or SCADA system.
6. Running hour-meter function TEILGAPC which for example can be used to accumulate the
elapsed time during which the filter bank was energized since last maintenance.
7. Circuit breaker condition monitoring function SSCBR, which among other things also in-
cludes number of operation counter.
8. Configurable LHMI. Measured quantities like branch currents, harmonics, THD etc. can be
displayed in order to make testing, commissioning and operation of the Filter Bank easier.
9. Built-in multicolor LEDs (up to 45) for protection function start/operation indications.
10. Built-in pushbuttons. Can be configured to trigger natural unbalance compensation.
As optional features (i.e. shall be specifically ordered):
1. Circuit breaker failure protection function CCRBRF (i.e. 50BF).
2. Primary apparatus control for breakers and disconnectors.
3. Transient EF protection function APPTEF. It shall be used when filter bank is installed in a
high-impedance grounded system, compensated system or isolated power system.
4. Voltage harmonic monitoring function VHMMHAI.
5. Phase-vise, voltage-based differential protection function for capacitor banks, SCPDPTOV.

It might be required depending on available instrument transformers within the filter bank.
6. Voltage unbalance protection function for shunt capacitor banks, SCUVPTOV. It might be
required depending on available instrument transformers within the filter bank.
7. Depending on required functionality and number of analogue inputs available from each
filter a single REC670 IED can be used for protection and control of several Filter banks
(e.g. up to 3 within the same IED). This can be an interesting approach for Filter banks at
lower voltage levels (e.g. 10kV, 20kV or 30kV).


Proposed protection scheme using RET670 is given in Figure 5.
51 3I>
CT1 #01
OC4 PTOC
225kV; 50Hz; 3Ph
51N IN>
VT1
CT1 #02
EF4 PTOC
CB 46 I2>
CT1 #03
NS4 PTOC
CT1 CT1 87O 3Id/I

#04
CT5 T2W PDIF
VT1 51 V I> / U<

#05
CT5 SCCFPVOC
51C 3I>
CT5 #06
C1 CBP GAPC
CT2 CT5 60N dI>C

#08
CT2 SCUCPTOC
51 3I>
CT4 #10
OC4 PTOC
51 3I>
CT3 #11
OC4 PTOC
C2 26 Thermal
CT4 #12
LCPTTR
SA
CT3 ITHD
L CT5 #14
CHMMHAI
ITHD
CT4 #15
CHMMHAI
CT5
59 3U>
VT1 #17
OV2 PTOV
27 3U<
VT1 #18
UV2 PTUV
VT1 Meter.
#19
CT5 CV MMXU
RET670 2.2.4 LEGEND:

ANSI IEC
9I+3U
IEC 61850
12I+0U
For the list of used protection functions in the above figure, please refer to section 3.1.1. Note that
functions from that list which are not explicitly shown in the above figure are not used for this pro-
tection scheme.


Proposed protection scheme using REC670 is given in Figure 6.
51 3I>
#01 CT1
OC4 PTOC
51N IN>
#02 CT1
EF4 PTOC
46 I2>
#03 CT1
NS4 PTOC
51 V I> / U< VT1

#05
SCCFPVOC CT1
51C 3I>
#06 CT1
CBP GAPC
60N dI>C CT1

#08
SCUCPTOC CT2
51 3I>
#10 CT4
OC4 PTOC
51 3I>
#11 CT3
OC4 PTOC
26 The rmal
#12 CT4
LCPTTR
ITHD
#14 CT1
CHMMHAI
ITHD
#15 CT4
CHMMHAI
59 3U>
#17 VT1
OV2 PTOV
27 3U<
#18 VT1
UV2 PTUV
Meter. VT1
#19
CV MMXU CT1
REC670 2.2.4
9I+3U LEGEND:
12I+0U ANSI IEC
IEC 61850
For the list of used protection functions in the above figure, please refer to section 3.1.1. Note that
functions from that list which are not explicitly shown in the above figure are not used for this pro-
tection scheme.

4. Protection Scheme Settings

and Field Recordings
Settings for used protection function shall be derived based on ratings of filter bank individual com-
ponents and available instrument transformers.
Special attention shall be given for settings of various unbalance protections which, for example,
shall not mal-operate during filter bank energizing.
4.1. Energizing of 225kV Filter Bank

Figure 7 shows how individual branch currents may look like during energizing of 225kV filter bank
given in Figure 5. Presented current waveforms are given in primary amperes. The CT designation
and location are also given in Figure 5.
CT1_IL1 CT1_IL2 CT1_IL3

I/kA
0.5
CT1 0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
t/s

I/mA
100
CT2 0
-100
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
t/s

I/mA
250
CT3 0
-250
-500
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
t/s
CT4_IL1 CT4_IL2 CT4_IL3 CT4_IN

I/ A
100
CT4 0
-100
-200
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
t/s

I/kA
1.0
0.5
CT5 0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
t/s
Figure 7: Energizing of 225kV Filter Bank
Note relatively large initial transients for currents measured by CT2, CT3 and especially by CT4
(e.g. at the moment when CB is closed). However, these large transient currents typically do not
contain much of the fundamental frequency current component.
It takes approximately two power system cycles for all currents to come to more or less steady
state levels.

4.2. Steady-State Currents for 225kV Filter Bank

Figure 8 shows how individual steady-state currents may look like for 225kV filter bank presented in
Figure 5. Presented current waveforms are given in primary amperes. The CT designation and lo-
cation are also given in Figure 5.

I/ A
300
200
100
CT1 0
-100
-200
-300
3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
t/s

I/mA
25
CT2 -0
-25
-50
3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
t/s

I/mA
20
CT3 0
-20
3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
t/s
CT4_IL1 CT4_IL2 CT4_IL3 CT4_IN

I/ A
5.0
2.5
CT4 0.0
-2.5
-5.0
3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
t/s

I/ A
300
200
100
CT5 0
-100
-200
-300
3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
t/s
Figure 8: Steady-state currents for 225kV Filter Bank
Note that currents through resistor, measured by CT4, are relatively small now and do not contain
any fundamental frequency component, just harmonic components. Unbalance currents, measured
by CT2 and CT3, are extremely small but may contain both fundamental and harmonic compo-
nents.
The total filter bank currents, measured by CT1 and CT5, have dominant fundamental frequency
current component, but also clearly visible superimposed higher harmonic current components.

5. Listing of related documents

Ref # Document Kind, Title Document No
[1] RET670 Technical Manual 1MRK 504 164-UEN
[2] REC670 Technical Manual 1MRK 504 164-UEN
6. Conclusion
This document shall provide basic guidance how to arrange protection of HV Filter Banks by using
670 Series IEDs.
7. Revisions
Rev. Page (P) Description Date Dept./Init.
Chapt. (C)
A Original Document 2020/11/02 ZG
B Various small changes 2020/11/11 ZG


NextECMUpload 34264224 20201209145212

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NextECMUpload 34264224 20201209145212

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Filter Capacitor Bank Protection

2. Basic understanding of HV Filter Banks...................................................................................2

3. Examples of Protection Schemes .............................................................................................7

4. Protection Scheme Settings and Field Recordings ..............................................................12

5. Listing of related documents ...................................................................................................14

PREPARED STATUS SECURITY LEVEL

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS

2. Basic understanding of HV Filter Banks

2.1. Rated Data

1. Rated Voltage Ur (e.g. Ur=225kV for Example given in Figure 5).

Ir=Qr/sqrt(3)/Ur=205A and Xr= -Ur*Ur/Qr= -632,8Ω (i.e. capacitive)

2.2. Type of filter and associated primary components

 C1 = Main capacitor bank

 IC1 = Primary current through capacitor C1

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

2.3. Practical construction details of main components

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

2.4. Filter response for different frequencies

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

Current Split IL/IR

2.5. Location of Instrument Transformers

Some specific issues are:

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

3. Examples of Protection Schemes

3.1. 400kV Filter Bank

CT1 87O 3Id/I

VT1 51 V I> / U<

CTE 60N dI>C

CTD 60N dI>C

RET670 2.2.4 LEGEND:

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

As basic features (i.e. always available):

2. Disturbance recording for up to 10 internally calculated analogue quantities

3. Disturbance recording for up to 356 binary signals (configurable).

5. Reporting of measured values to substation control system and/or SCADA system.

10. Built-in pushbuttons. Can be configured to trigger natural unbalance compensation.

As optional features (i.e. shall be specifically ordered):

1. Circuit breaker failure protection function CCRBRF (i.e. 50BF).

2. Primary apparatus control for breakers and disconnectors.

4. Voltage harmonic monitoring function VHMMHAI.

5. Phase-vise, voltage-based differential protection function for capacitor banks, SCPDPTOV.

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

3.2. 225kV Filter Bank

CT1 CT1 87O 3Id/I

VT1 51 V I> / U<

CT2 CT5 60N dI>C

RET670 2.2.4 LEGEND:

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

3.3. 63kV Filter Bank

51 V I> / U< VT1

60N dI>C CT1

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE

4. Protection Scheme Settings

4.1. Energizing of 225kV Filter Bank

CT1_IL1 CT1_IL2 CT1_IL3

CT2_IL1 CT2_IL2 CT2_IL3

CT3_IL1 CT3_IL2 CT3_IL3

CT4_IL1 CT4_IL2 CT4_IL3 CT4_IN

CT5_IL1 CT5_IL2 CT5_IL3

Figure 7: Energizing of 225kV Filter Bank

STATUS SECURITY LEVEL DOCUMENT ID REV. LANG. PAGE